health and mortality differentials among myanmar, laos, and cambodian migrants in thailand nucharee...
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Health and mortality differentials among Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodian migrants in ThailandNucharee Srivirojana and Sureeporn Punpuing, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Thailand
Undocumented migrants from Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia are marginalized. Working in 3D
jobs, living in unhygienic and poor sanitary condition, lack of knowledge, limit access to
health services and mobility condition intensify migrant’s vulnerability to health problems and
mortality.
Data from annual epidemiological surveillance reports, Ministry of Public Health, (1998- 2006)
and 2,858 migrant death cases from vital registration statistics, Ministry of Interior, (2004-
2008) were analyzed by using descriptive and bi-variate analyses
Myanmar and Cambodian migrants are still vulnerable to health and mortality problem when
compare with Laos migrants and native Thai.
Differences in sex, age and nationalities also influence health and mortality differentials among
these migrants.
Health services and preventive strategies, should be developed as appropriate for sex, age,
and nationalities of the migrants to counter accidents and occupational health hazard
especially among labour force age male migrants from Myanmar and Cambodia.
More effort to reduce death from maternal and child health, and infectious disease among female
migrants should be enhanced.
ResultsFigure 1 Case fatality rate of Myanmar, Laos, Cambodian migrants and native Thai during 1998 to 2006
Source: Annual Epidemiological Surveillance Report 1998-2006, Ministry of Public Health
Myanmar and Cambodian migrants tend to have higher case fatality rate when compare with Laos
migrants and native Thai (figure 1).
Data & Method
Objective
Introduction
To find out health and mortality differential among Myanmar, Laos and Cambodian migrants in
Thailand.
Fig. 2: Different in cause of death among Myanmar, Laos and Cambodian migrants in Thailand during 2004-2008
Source: Vital registration 2004-2008, Ministry of Interior
Laos and Cambodian migrants have the same pattern on major cause of death due to non-
infectious diseases while accident is prominent among Myanmar migrants (figure 2).
Fig.6: Pattern of Myanmar, Laos and Cambodian migrants death in Thailand by age groups during 2004-2008
Source: Vital registration 2004-2008, Ministry of Interior
Acute diarrhea, pyrexia of unknown origin and pneumonia are major causes of sickness among these three nationalities. Malaria is only a major
concern among Myanmar and Cambodian migrants while sexual transmitted diseases is outstanding among Laos migrants (figure 4).
Malaria, pneumonia and tuberculosis are major causes of death among Myanmar and Cambodian
migrants while major concern among Laos migrants is only pneumonia. (figure 5).
Source: Annual Epidemiological Surveillance Report 1998-2006, Ministry of Public Health
Fig.5: Comparison major surveillance causes of death among Myanmar, Laos and Cambodian migrants and native Thai in 2006
Myanmar and Laos male migrants die more due to accident than female migrants while majority of Cambodian male migrants die due to murder and
suicide. Infectious diseases stand out as a major cause of death for female migrants among the three
nationalities. (figure 3).
Source: Annual Epidemiological Surveillance Report 1998-2006, Ministry of Public Health
Fig.4: Comparison major surveillance causes of sickness among Myanmar, Laos and Cambodian migrants and native Thai in 2006
Fig.3: Comparison different cause of death between male and female migrants in 2004-2008
Source: Vital registration 2004-2008, Ministry of Interior
Pattern of migrants death by age group among the three nationalities are quite similar. However,
Cambodian migrant orphans and young adults die more during age 0-4 and 15-24 year old. Pattern of Laos migrant death change to become higher than the other two nationalities after age 49 year old.
Discussion & Recommendation
The authors are gratefully acknowledge kind support from the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D Program from the Royal Thai Government and IPSR in providing scholarship and
funding support for conducting this study.
Acknowledgement
References Annual Epidemiological Surveillance Report 1998-
2006, Ministry of Public Health Vital registration 2004-2008, Ministry of Interior
Myanmar and Cambodian orphan migrants die from non-infectious such as maternal and child health
while Laos orphan migrants die more from accident (figure 7).
Accidents also happen more on Myanmar and Cambodian labour force age migrants rather than Laos migrants while most of the elderly migrants
die due to non-infectious disease except Cambodian elderly migrants who die more due to
infectious diseases and accident (figure 7).
Fig.7: Different in cause of death among orphan, labour force age and elderly migrants in Thailand during 2004-2008
Source: Vital registration 2004-2008, Ministry of Interior
PAA 2009, 30 April - 2 May 2009, Detroit, Michigan, USA
21
37
56
20
33
9
35
7
5
26
11
36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Infectious Non infectious Accident Murder & Suicide
Percentage
Myanmar
Laos
Cambodia
0
5
10
15
20
25
0-4
5--9
10--
14
15--
19
20-2
4
25--
29
30--
34
35--
39
40--
44
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65-6
9
70-7
4
75+
Per
cent
age
Myanmar
Laos
Cambodia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Acutediarrhoea
Malaria Pyrexia ofunknown origin
HaemorrhagicConjunctivitis
Pneumonia Food poisoning Sexuallytransmitted
diseases
Percentage
Thai
Myanmar
Laos
Cambodia
0.53
0.43
0.12
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.13
0.00
1.07
0.29
0.52
0.20
0.35
0.09 0.07
0.68
0.70
0.26
0.180.20
0.24
0.74
0.64 0.48
0.42
0.12
0.080.090.11
0.160.160.13
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Cas
e fa
talit
y ra
te/1
00 p
erso
n
Myanmar
Laos
Cambodia
Thai
53
3
13
0.7 1.2
23
37
10
27
9
18 18
9
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pneumonia Malaria Tuberculosis Hypatitis Meiningitis
Perc
enta
ge
ThaiMyanmarCambodiaLaos
0102030405060708090
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Myanmar Laos Cambodia
Percentage
Infectious Non-infectious Accident Murder & suicide
0102030405060708090
100
Orphan 0-4 Labourforce
Elderly Orphan 0-4 Labourforce
Elderly Orphan 0-4 Labourforce
Elderly
Myanmar Laos Cambodia
Percentage
Infectious Non-infectious Accident Murder & Suicide
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