heavy multiquark systems from heavy ion collisions
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Heavy multiquark systems from heavy ion collisions
Su Houng Lee
1. Few words on light Multiquark States and Diquarks
2. Few words on heavy Multiquark States and Sum Rules
3. Few words on New Predictions and Future Search
S H Lee 2
Babar: DSJ(2317) 0+
Puzzle in Constituent Quark Model(2400) 1. DK threshold effect
2. Chiral partner of (0- 1-)
3. Tetraquark
X(3872), Y(4260),
Z(4430) ’
Z(4051),Z(4248) c1
Must contain cc ?
molecule ?
Recent Highlights in Hadron Physics – Heavy quark sector
D0 D* D1
1864 2007 2420
Z(4248) ?
Tetraquark ?
D0+D* D*+D* D+D1 D1+D*
3871 4014 4284 4427
S H Lee 3
Scalar tetraquark (Jaffe 76)
Search for H dibaryon Search for + pentaquark
Previous Work on Multiquark hadrons - Light quark sector
1(1400)
Candidate for 1010
S H Lee 4
Light Multiquark states and diquarks
S H Lee 5
Tetraquarks: Jaffe
color spin interaction: light scalar nonet
jj
aj
aiji
jijj
aj
aijig
ss
mmCssH
, q3q1
q2 q4
Diquark configurations
• Diquark basis 0,3;0,3 15.01,6;1,6 98.00,9F
• Q-antiQ basis
Scalar nonet |9,0+>
8888F VV 39.0VV, 33.0PP 43.0PP, 74.00,9
S H Lee 6
1(1400) E852 + Chung et al.
p-wave decay of 1(1400) into
km
jn
inmijkijk
inmgL 11int
quark content of 10+10
• Can not be obtained from QQ
flavor Angular mom Total
Anti-sym 1 (anti-sym) Symmetric
I=1 part of Flavor 10+10
ijk nj m
k
• Can be obtained from (QQ)(QQ): such as (3X6) + (3X6)
Needs further experimental work
S H Lee 7
Recently observed heavy Multiquark states (qqcc)
F.Navara, M. Nielsen, SHL: PLB 649, 166 (07)
SHL, M. Nielsen et al: PLB 661, 28 (08)
SHL, K.Morita, M.Nielsen: PRD 78, 076001 (08), NPA 815,29 (09)
SHL, M.Nielsen, U. Wiedner: JKPS 55,424(09)
S H Lee 8
Belle: PRL 98, 082001 (07)
e+ e- J/ + X(3904)
D D*
e+
e
c
c
Through B decay
Recently observed states at B-Factory
b
W-
c
cs
Through ISR process
S H Lee 9
JPC Observation mode
confirmation Special feature
prediction
X(3872) 1++ B+X(3872)K+J/+-K+
Belle, BaBar, CDF,D0
PP, XJ/(c=+)
B(XJ)/B(X)=1
Tornqvist DD* molecular state
Y 1–-
ISR
Belle 4260,4360,4660
BaBar 4260,4360
[V][S] q=s m=4.65
q=u,d m=4.49(Nielsen, et al)
Ds0Ds* m=4.42D0D* m=4.27DD1 m=4.19
(Nielsen et al )
Hybrid
Z+(4430) ?,0- ’ [PS][S] m=4.52
(Nielsen, et al)
D*D1 m=4.40(Nielsen, Lee et al )
Z+(4050,4250)
? D*D* m=4.15DD1=4.19(Nielsen, et al )
D*D*(4020)D1D(4285) threshold
effect
Newly observed states
,cq[AV] ,cq[V] ,cq[PS] ,cq[S] bTab5
Tab
Tab5
Ta CCCC
,cqD1 ,cqD* ,cqD ,cqD0 55 i
S H Lee 10
JPC Special feature
QSR tetraquark
QSR molecule Others
X(3872) 1++ B(XJ)/B(X)=1
[AV][S] m=3.92(Nielsen ..)
DD* m=3.87 (Nielsen, ..)
QSR with (Morita) ,
Mixture with cc
Y 1–-
ISR
Belle 4260,4360,4660
BaBar 4260,4360
[V][S] q=s m=4.65
q=u,d m=4.49(Nielsen, et al)
Ds0Ds* m=4.42D0D* m=4.27DD1 m=4.19
(Nielsen et al )
Hybrid
Z+(4430) ?,0- ’ [PS][S] m=4.52
(Nielsen, et al)
D*D1 m=4.40(Nielsen, Lee et al )
Z+(4050,4250)
? D*D* m=4.15DD1=4.19(Nielsen, et al )
D*D*(4020)D1D(4285) threshold
effect
Newly observed states
,cq[AV] ,cq[V] ,cq[PS] ,cq[S] bTab5
Tab
Tab5
Ta CCCC
,cqD1 ,cqD* ,cqD ,cqD0 55 i
S H Lee 11
In principle QCD can not distinguish between diquark configuration and molecular configuration
but if the overlap is large, plateau and OPE convergence, pole dominance
QCD sum rule results
22 /exp)(0 MssdsMJxJBT sum rule
222
sms
sfs Small M2 2MOPE Large M2
m
M2
S H Lee 12
QCD sum rules X(3872): SHL, K. Morita, M. Nielsen (PRD08)
J=[s][V] Tetraquark current vs. J=DD* Molecular current
,cq[AV] ,cq[V] ,cq[PS] ,cq[S] bTab5
Tab
Tab5
Ta CCCC
,cqD1 ,cqD* ,cqD ,cqD0 55 i
Small width <2 MeV
S H Lee 13
Cont- Z(4430) : SHL, K. Morita, M. Nielsen (PRD08)
J=D1 D* Molecular current
,cq[AV] ,cq[V] ,cq[PS] ,cq[S] bTab5
Tab
Tab5
Ta CCCC
,cqD1 ,cqD* ,cqD ,cqD0 55 i
width = 40 MeV
S H Lee 14
Cont- Z2(4250) : SHL, K. Morita, M. Nielsen (PRD08)
J=D1 D Molecular current
But J=D* D* Molecular current gives Mass>4.2 in sum rule ?
S H Lee 15
Why not Tetraquarks
color spin interaction:
jj
aj
aiji
jig ss
mmH 1
q3q1
q2 q4
q3q1
H H
Hq1
q2 H
S H Lee 16
Some predictions on Heavy and Explicitly exotic Heavy
Multiquark states (qqcc)
SHL, S. Yasui : EPJC 64 283 (09)
SHL, S. Yasui, W. Liu, CM.Ko : EPJC 54 259 (08)
S H Lee 17
Multiquark configuration: Mulders, Aerts, de Swart PRD80
color spin interaction: light scalar nonet
jj
aj
aiji ss
u d
u d u
u d u s
u d u s u
u d u s u s
32Q
13Q
34Q
35Q
16Q
S H Lee 18
MeV 4700 MeV, 1500 MeV, 500 MeV, 300 bcsdu mmmmm
Diquark inside Baryons
u d u d
s
s
ji
jiji
B ssmm
C
,
.confining.Kinetic Mass
du
B
mm
C
4
3conf.Kinetic Mass c
su
B
du
B
mm
C
mm
C
4
1conf.Kinetic Mass c
Example
Mass diff M –MN M-M Mc-Mc Mb-Mb
Formula 290 MeV 77 MeV 154 MeV 180 MeV
Experiment 290 MeV 75 MeV 170 MeV 192 MeV
S H Lee 19
quark antiquark in Meson
d u d u
Works very well with 3x CB = CM = 635 mu2
u d d ux 3 =
Mass diff M –M MK*-MK MD*-MD MB*-MB
Formula 635 MeV 381 MeV 127 MeV 41 MeV
Experiment 635 MeV 397 MeV 137 MeV 46 MeV
ji
jiji
M ssmm
C
,
.confining.Kinetic Mass
S H Lee 20
Stable Multiquark configurations
in a schematic diquark model
ji
jiji
H ssmm
C
,
.confining.Kinetic Mass
S H Lee 21
Multiquark configuration: Multers, Aerts, de Swart PRD80
Diquark attracation vs quark-antiquark
2121
1
mmssCB
q3q1
q2
diquark picture: Yasui, Lee,.. (EJP08,EJP09)
Type of diquark and its q-q binding
S=C=0 (ud) A
S=-1, ms=5/3mu (us) 3/5 A (ds) 3/5 A
C=1, mc=5mu (uc) 1/5 A (dc) 1/5 A (sc) 3/25 A
MeV 1454
3A
2
u
B
m
C
3131
1
mmssCM
BM CC 3
23 3 make mm
S H Lee 22
Tetra-quark - configurations
u d d u u dd u0+
boundnot BM CC0- 0-
Binding against decay = (Mass of 2 Mesons) – (Mass of Tetraquark)
22 4
3
4
3
u
B
u
B
m
C
m
C
22 4
3
4
3
u
M
u
M
m
C
m
C
u d c b u dc b0+
MeV -21.25
T of Binding 0cb
0- 0-
bc
B
u
B
mm
C
m
C
4
3
4
32
bu
M
cu
M
mm
C
mm
C
4
3
4
3
S H Lee 23
Tetra-quark – hadronic weak decay modes
KKBD )( )bc(udT 000cb
1+ u d c c u dc c 0- 1-)cc(udT1cc
22 4
1
4
3
c
B
u
B
m
C
m
C
cu
M
cu
M
mm
C
mm
C
4
1
4
3
S H Lee 24
Belle: PRL 98, 082001 (07)
e+ e- J/ + X(3904)
D D*
Tcc (3800)
e+
e
c
c
SHL, S Yasui, W Liu, C Ko (08)
Can look for 1+ (Tcc)
Previous works on TccZ. Zouzou, B. Silverstre-Brac, C. Gilgnooux, J Richard (86), D. Janc, M. Rosina (04), Y. Cui,
S. L. Zhu (07)
QCD sum rules: F Navarra, M.Nielsen, SHLee, PLB 649, 166 (2007)
simple diquark: SHL, S. Yasui, W.Liu, C Ko EPJ C54, 259 (2008), SHL, S. Yasui: EPJ C (09) in press
c
c
S H Lee 25
Pentaquarks (states with two diquarks )
u d
1/2-
Q
u s u d Q
s
u
Qs D
su
B
u
B
mm
C
m
C
4
3
4
32
Qu
M
u
B
mm
C
m
C
4
3
4
32
KDcs )( )c(udus 0
S H Lee 26
S=C=0 (ud) -A
S=-1, ms=5/3mu (us) -3/5 A (ds) -3/5 A
C=1, mc=5mu (uc) -1/5 A (dc) -1/5 A (sc) -3/25 A
MeV 1454
3A
2
u
B
m
C
Di-bayron – general considerations
2
0+ 4
6
2
4
di-baryon B B
Conf-1
2
4
B B
Conf-2
S H Lee 27
Di-bayron (Conf 1) – (qq) (qq) (qq)
u d
0+
MeV 29Binding H
u s
H di-baryon could be bound
unfortunately not found in elementary processes
d s
u d
s
u d
s
H di-baryon
CFL like state
2SC like state
su
B
u
B
mm
C
m
C
4
32
4
32
22 4
3
4
3
u
B
u
B
m
C
m
C
S H Lee 28
Di-baryon (Conf 2) – (qq) (qq) (qQ)
u d
0+
MeV 92Binding H c
u s
Hc di-baryon new prediction
could be found in heavy ion collision
u c
u d
u
u
c
s
Hc di-baryon P c
cu
B
su
B
u
B
mm
C
mm
C
m
C
4
3
4
3
4
32
su
B
u
B
mm
C
m
C
4
3
4
32
Kpp
ppK
c
c
)(
)( (udusuc)H 0c
S H Lee 29
Some prediction for Heavy Ion
1. Large number of c and b quark produced
2. Vertex detector
3. High density matter: favors multiquark production
4. Example: FAIR 104 / Month D0k- +
SHL, K. Ohnishi, Yasui, In-Kwon Yoo, C.M.Ko: PRL 100, 222301(08)
SHL, S. Yasui, W.Liu, C.M.Ko: EPJ C54, 259 (08)
S H Lee 30
Suppression of p-wave resonance (Muller and Kadana En’yo) 1
)/)1520(()/)1520((
*
*
pp
AuAu
Coalescence model = Statistical model + overlap
Quark number scaling of v2 PT dependence of ratio v4
Success of Coalescence model
S H Lee 31
2
][][
2/32][
][2)]([
2
12
2/32
33)(
3
12
2/32
44
21
4
23
2
21
4
23
2
21
4
223
3
udCudC
ududccud
i iCiC
iducudc
i iCiC
iducccoalTcc
TVNNN
TVNNNN
TV
NNNNN
c
c
RHIC (Au+Au) LHC (Pb+Pb)
Nu=Nd 245 662
Nc 3 20
VC (fm3) 1000 2700
Nu/Vc (fm-3) 0.245 0.245
44.14
,663.021
4
2/32
2
2/32
C
iu
iCiC
iu
V
N
TV
N
Multiquark production in a simple coalescence model
S H Lee 32
Tcc/D > 0.34 x 10 -4 RHIC
> 0.8 x 10 -4 LHC
c/D > 0.8 x 10 -4
Hc/Ds > 0.25 x 10 -3
Kpp
ppK
c
c
)(
)( (udusuc)H 0c
Production ratios for predicted Multiquarks
cDx
cDsx
c production at RHIC and LHC
Hc production at RHIC and LHC
Tcc production
S H Lee 33
2. Diquarks are unique features of QCD, Mutltiquark states will exits in Heavy sector, due to diquark structure Tcc (ud cc) cs (udusc), Hc(udusuc)…
RHIC, LHC can be a very useful heavy exotic factory If found, it will be the first exotic ever,
will tell us about QCD, q-q interaction and dense matter
great step forward in QCD
1. QCD sum rule analysis suggests that recently measured X,Y,Z most likely exotic states
3. If diquarks exists near Tc, additional production of Tcc and cs. c/D enhancement can be a signature of sQGP
LHC plans to measure c and D, But all can be measured at KEK and J-PARK
Summary
4. Multiquark states are doorway to dense QCD.
S H Lee 34
Back ups
S H Lee 35
Hadronization through coalescence : c / D ratio
u d
d
u d
u
us
ds
c
c
d
u
d
u
us
ds
c
dudu
c
u d
c production through 3-body coalescence
c production through 2-body coalescence
c
c
c
cu
cu
D meson production through 2-body coalescence
D meson production through 2-body coalescence of diquark and c suppressed
c
S H Lee 36
S=C=0 (ud) A
S=-1, ms=5/3mu (us) 3/5 A (ds) 3/5 A
C=1, mc=5mu (uc) 1/5 A (dc) 1/5 A (sc) 3/25 A
MeV 1454
3A
2
u
B
m
C
diquark – anti-diquark (Tetra-quark) - II
A5
1- A
5
1-
A5
3-
L=1Z(4248) ?
A5
3-
1- u c d c u cc d 0- 0-
L=1
MeV 447L
A5
2--A
5
6Binding
23.0
2
I2
LA
5
2-.. KineticMass Tetraquark
2
MeV 3740A5
6-..KineticmassMeson 2
MeV 74.3303
)2593()2625(2
2
L*
]2/1[*
]2/3[2
ccc
I
MeV 4187 MeV 447 MeV 3740Mass Tetraquark
S H Lee 37
S=C=0 (ud) -A
S=-1, ms=5/3mu (us) -3/5 A (ds) -3/5 A
C=1, mc=5mu (uc) -1/5 A (dc) -1/5 A (sc) -3/25 A
MeV 1454
3A
2
u
B
m
C
Pentaquark – general considerations
d
A- A-
1/2+
MeV 480MeV 366A5
4Binding
d
L=1
d
d
A- A5
9-
MeV 15.36623
)1405()1520(2 2*]2/1[
*]2/3[
I
LL2 contribution
- 500 MeV
in Full quark model by Hiyama, Hosaka et al
+ 1540 can not be a pentaquark state, if it exists ?
P K
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