hepatitis virus : bds 2nd year
Post on 13-Apr-2017
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Hepatitis A And
Hepatitis B
What is viral hepatitis…?
Viral hepatitis is a systemic disease with primary inflammation to the liver.
TYPES : A B C D E and G
A“Infectious”
“Serum”
Viral hepatitis
E
Nor A nor B(NANB)
B C
Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives
Other D OR G
Hepatitis Terms• Acute Hepatitis: Short-term hepatitis.
– Body’s immune system clears the virus from the body within 6 months
• Chronic Hepatitis: Long-term hepatitis.– Infection lasts longer than 6 months because the body’s
immune system cannot clear the virus from the body
HEPATITIS AMorphologic Characteristics • 27nm• Non enveloped• Single stranded RNA• icosahedral• Naked RNA virus• Related to enteroviruses,• formerly known as enterovirus 72, now put in its
own family: heptovirus.• Difficult to grow in cell culture.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
1. DEMONSTRATION OF VIRUSIEMELISAISOlATION
2. DETECTION OF ANTIBODY
Because it is difficult to isolate and detect the virus. The diagnosis depends on demonstration of specific antibody to HAV in the blood.
Elisa kits are available for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies.
3. Biochemical tests
• Liver function tests such as ALT (alanine amino transferace) and bilirubin supplement for diagnosis.
HEPATITIS B
Structure• HBV is 42 nm DNA virus • It contains outer envelope
27nm diameter enclose viral genome of DNA polymerase and inner envelope
• Family - Hepadnovirdie• Genera - Orthohepadnovirus
Antigenic Structures
HBsAg
HBcAg
HBeAg
Modes of transmission
ParenteralPerinatal
Sexual
Clinical features
• Onset is slow, but severe• Incubation period varies from 6 weeks to 6 months.• Acute HBV can be divided into three phases preicteric phase icteric phase convalescent phaseCARRIERS
PROPHYLAXIS• GENERAL PREVENTIVE
MEASURES• IMMUNISATION PASSIVE IMMUNISATION :
HBIG 300-500 IUACTIVE IMMUNISATION PLASMA DERIVED VACCINE RECOMBINANT DERIVED
VACCINE
If you have never had hepatitis B,you can get 3 shots . . .
. . . and get long lasting protection.
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HEPATITIS INFECTIONS IN DENTISTRY
Questions asked
• Test for diagnosis of hepatits B infection• Pathogenicity of HBV
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