high bandwidth automotive power supply for low-cost pwm audio amplifiers mikkel c. w. høyerby...
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High Bandwidth Automotive Power Supply for Low-cost PWM Audio
Amplifiers
Mikkel C. W. Høyerby (Ørsted·DTU)
Dennis R. Andersen (Bang & Olufsen ICEpower a/s)
Michael A. E. Andersen (Ørsted·DTU)
Lars Petersen (Bang & Olufsen ICEpower a/s)
High Bandwidth Automotive Power Supply for Low-cost PWM Audio
Amplifiers
• Reduction of switching amplifier output EMI • Reduction of switching amplifier idle losses • Requires high bandwidth and dv/dt• Tracking supply for PWM SE amplifiers is new ground
”Supply pumping”
• Switching SE amplifier transfers power between rails• Tracking converter must have bidirectional outputs in
addition to high bandwidth!• SE amplifier still desirable in multi-channel system
due to low cost
Suitable topology
• No single stage solution found suitable• Energy storage is cheaper than energy transfer when
dealing with ”supply pumping” in the buck topology
Current measurement vs. estimation
• High control bandwidth requires current feedback• Short-circuit protection not essential• Current estimation eliminates noise problems• DC information is not available with current
estimation => Current loop transfer function is altered
Standard current measurement Employed estimation technique
Effect of employing current estimation
• Dominant pole movement caused by load variation is restricted when LF cutoff is introduced in current loop
• Reducing current loop gain at output filter cutoff frequency causes increased influence of filter Q on closed loop transfer function
Low current loop LF cutoff frequency Higher current loop LF cutoff frequency
Control system achievements
• Inductor current signal is practically noiseless
• Closed-loop bandwidth is high• Controller is stable with any resistive load
Estimated inductor current
Actual inductor current
4Ω loadUnloaded
Conclusion
• Tracking PSU for single ended switching amplifiers is technically possible
• Tracking PSU with suitable topology has been prototyped
• Current estimation provides an alternative set of properties when compared to current measurement
The prototype tracking PSU
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