high-temperature cyclic oxidation data - nasa...nasa technical memorandum 101468 high-temperature...

HIGH-TEMPERATURE"CYCLIC OXIDATIONDATA

CHARLES A. BARRETT

RALPH G. GARLICK

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CLEVELAND, OHIO

NASA TM-101468

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TURBINE ALLOYS, PART 2

OCTOBER 1989

e-,, J_

9

NASA Technical Memorandum 101468

High-Temperature Cyclic Oxidation Data

Turbine Alloys, Part 2

Charles A. Barrett and Ralph G. GarlickLewis Research Center

Cleveland, Ohio

October 1989

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Lewis Research Center

Cleveland, Ohio 44135

Contents

Summary ..............................................................................................................Introduction ...........................................................................................................

Alloy Composition ...................................................................................................Comments on the Data .............................................................................................

Page

1

l

1

1

References ............................................................................................................. 2

Table I.--Nominal Alloy Composition for High-Temperature Turbine Alloys .......................... 3

Cyclic Oxidation Data

Alloy 625 ......... .................................................................................................. 4

Alloy 718 ........................................................................................................... 6

Astroloy ............................................................................................................. 10B-1900 .............................................................................................................. 14

B-1900 + Hf ....................................................................................................... 29

IN-100 ............................................................................................................. 37

IN-713LC ......................................................................................................... 50

IN-738 ............................................................................................................. 54

IN-792 ............................................................................................................. 84

IN-939 ............................................................................................................. 128

MAR-M-200 ..................................................................................................... 132MAR-M-200 + Hf .............................................................................................. 142

MAR-M-211 ..................................................................................................... 162

MAR-M-246 ..................................................................................................... 170

MAR-M-247 ..................................................................................................... 174

MAR-M-421 ..................................................................................................... 196

NASA-TRW-VIA ............................................................................................... 200

Nimonic 115 ...................................................................................................... 208

NX-188 ............................................................................................................ 216

Renb 41 .............. : ............................................................................................. 222

Renb 80 ............................................................................................................ 224

Ren_ 120 ........................................................................................................... 231

Ren_ 125 ............................................................................................................ 234

R-150-SX .......................................................................................................... 244

TAZ-SA ............................................................................................................ 252

TRW-R ............................................................................................................. 305

TRW-1800 ......................................................................................................... 315

U-520 ............................................................................................................... 319U-700 ............................................................................................................... 323

U-710 ............................................................................................................... 395

U-720 ............................................................................................................... 399

Waspaloy ........................................................................................................... 407WAZ-20 ............................................................................................................ 435

MAR-M-509 ...................................................................................................... 439

WI-52 ............................................................................................................... 445

X-40 ................................................................................................................. 454

iii

Summary

This volume is the second part in a series of cyclic oxidation

handbooks presenting cyclic oxidation data tested at NASA

Lewis Research Center. It contains specific-weight-change-

versus-time data and x-ray diffraction results derived from

high-temperature cyclic tests for the remainder of high-

temperature, high-strength nickel-base _,/-y' and cobalt-base

turbine alloys tested at Lewis. Part 1 of the series is available

as NASA Technical Memorandum 83665 (Rev. 1989).

Introduction

The specific-weight-change-versus-time data and plots and

associated x-ray data complete the presentation of the cyclic

oxidation data for high-temperature nickel- and cobalt-base

turbine alloys tested at NASA Lewis Research Center. The

scope of this oxidation testing program is detailed in reference

1. The initial body of data for this class of alloys was presented

in reference 2. The test rigs and method of deriving the

specific-weight-change-versus-time data for the alloy test

samples are also described in this reference. These gravimetric

data are presented both in graphical and tabular form. X-ray

diffraction analysis of the retained oxide scale as well as the

accumulated scale spall performed after selected exposure

times are also presented in tabular form.

The data are presented for 36 alloys listed in alphabetical

order. There are 33 Ni-base alloys followed by 3 Co-base

alloys. These alloys and their compositions are listed in table I.

The hierarchical order sequence in the report for each alloy

is from high to low temperature in degrees Celsius and fromlong to short cycle time, with the majority of test cycles (i.e,,

standard cycle) being 1.0 hr with a minimum of 20 min

between cycles at ambient temperature. The samples were

removed and weighed at as close to a standard schedule as

possible (i.e., I, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 100, 115 hr, and

so on). The cast alloys are listed before the hot-worked alloys.

Under the cast heading, the conventionally cast alloys are listed

before the directionally solidified. The number in the upper

right corner is an internal NASA number giving the alloy code

and run number (see ref. 1).

Alloy Composition

The compositions of the 33 Ni-base and 3 Co-base alloys

tested are listed in table I. In general, these are cast alloys,

although a few such as Waspaloy, Ren_ 41, and U-520 are

hot-worked wrought alloys. U-700 was used in many cases

as a standard involving both cast and wrought forms. IN-738

also included one hot-worked alloy although it is usually a cast

alloy. The comments column indicates whether more than one

heat and/or vendors were involved. The cast alloys were

generally in the as-cast condition. The alloy compositions listed

are within 10 percent of actual heat or sample chemistries

except where noted.

Comments on the Data

In general, the specific-weight-change-versus-time cyclic

oxidation data follow paralinear behavior; that is, the specific-

weight-change values increase with time to a maximum, with

roughly parabolic kinetics, and then reverse and drop in a

linear manner with time. By regression analysis the data canbe fitted to the model

AW/A =kl tl -k2t _ o (1)

where AW/A is specific weight change, t is time, kl _ is an

oxide growth constant analogous to the parabolic growth

constant derived in isothermal oxidation k_'_, and k2 is a linear

oxide spalling constant. This is a useful first-approximationmodel, particularly for these types of alloys, since an attack

parameter defined as

K a = (k__ + 10 k2) (2)

can be used to rank the cyclic oxidation resistance of the alloy.

Over 90 percent of the data in this handbook can be fitted to

equation (1) with an R 2 of 90 percent or greater. (R 2 is the

coefficient of determination, defined as the percent of variation

explained by the regression fit.) The remainder of the alloys

can be fitted more directly to

AW/A = - k2t ± _ (3)

Here Ka is defined as

Ka = 20 k2 (4)

These Ka values, together with the k_a and/or k2 values,

have been discussed in detail in references 1 and 3 to 10. K a

values have been shown to correlate well with either metal

loss due to conversion to oxide or thickness change as the alloy

metal is depleted. Ka also has the advantage that it is

relatively insensitive to the length of test as long as the

oxidation mechanism does not change. Mechanism change

usually means that a less protective scale becomes rate con-

trolling, which leads to "breakaway," or catastrophic, failure.

A simpler method of evaluation is to compare specific weight

change at a given time, say 100 or 200 hr. This is a very rough

ranking method unless the spalling rate is relatively high. In

general, the more negative the AW/A value at any given time,

the poorer the cycle oxidation resistance.

Variability of the data is also a consideration in cyclic

oxidation testing. This was discussed previously for this type

of test in reference 11.

Large differences in specific-weight-change values for a given

alloy for replicate test samples correlate with the variations of

oxide(s) detected by x-ray diffraction. These effects have been

discussed in detail in references 6, 9, 10, and 12. In the x-ray

diffraction results under the designation "spinel," a 0 values of

8.05 to 8.15 A, refer to aluminate spinel, whereas a0 values

of 8.20 to 8.35 A denote chromite spinel.

References

1. Barrett, C.A.; and Lowell C.E. : High Temperature Cyclic Oxidation

Furnace Testing at NASA Lewis Research Center. J. Test. Eval., vol.

10, no. 6, Nov. 1982, pp. 273-278.

2. Barrett, C.A.; Garlick, R.G.; and Lowell, C.E.: High Temperature Cyclic

Oxidation Data, Volume i--Turbine Alloys. NASA TM-83665, 1984.3. Barrett, C.A.; and Lowell, C.E.: Resistance of Nickel-Chromium-

Aluminum Alloys to Cyclic Oxidation at 1100 and 1200 *C. NASA TND-8255, 1976.

4. Barrett, C.A.; and Lowell, C.E.: The Cyclic Oxidation Resistance ofCobalt-Chromium-Aluminum Alloys at 1100 and 1200 *C and a

Comparison with the Nickel-Chromium-Aluminum Alloy System. Oxid.Met., vol. 12, no. 4, 1978, pp. 293-311.

5. Barrett, C.A.; Khan, A.S.; and Lowell, C.E.: The Effect of Zirconium

on the Cyclic Oxidation of NiCrAI Alloys. J. Electrochem. Soc., vol.128, no. 1, Jan. 1981, pp 25-32.

6. Lowell, C.E.; Smialik, J.L.; and Barrett, C.A.: Cyclic Oxidation of

Superalloys. High Temperature Corrosion, NACE-6, NationalAssociation of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, 1983, pp. 219-226.

7. Barrett, C.A.; Miner. R.V.; and Hull, D.R. : The Effects of Cr, Al, Ti,

Mo, W, Ta, and Cb on the Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of Cast Ni-BaseSuperalloys at 1100 and 1150 °C. Oxid. Met., vol. 20, no. 5/6, 1983,pp. 255-278.

8. Stephens, J.R.; and Barrett, C.A. : Oxidation and Corrosion Resistanceof Candidate Stifling Engine Heater-Head-Tube Alloys. NASATM-83609, DOE/NASA/51040-53, 1984.

9. Barrett, C.A.: The Effects of Cr, Co, Al, Mo, and Ta on the Cyclic Oxida-tion Behavior of a Prototype Cast Ni-Base Superalloy Based on a 25

Composite Statistically Designed Experiment. NASA TM-83784, 1984.

10. Barrett, C.A.: The Effect of Variations of Cobalt Content on the Cyclic

Oxidation Resistance of Selected Ni-Base Superalloys, NASATM-87297, 1986.

1I. Barrett, C.A.; and Lowell, C.E.: Comparison of Isothermal and CyclicOxidation Behavior of Twenty-Five Commercial Sheet Alloys at1150 °C, Oxid. Met., vol. 9, no. 4, 1975, pp. 307-355.

12. Barrett, C.A.; Johnston, J.R.; and Sanders, W.A. : Static and DynamicCyclic Oxidation of 12 Nickel-, Cobalt-, and Iron-Base High-

Temperature Alloys. Oxid. Met., vol. 12, no. 4, Aug. 1978, pp.343-377.

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