housing is a universal need interior design i chapter 1.1 notes
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Housing is a Universal Need
Interior Design IChapter 1.1 Notes
Learning Targets
I can define housing and briefly describe how it has evolved.
I can analyze the basic physical and psychological needs that housing satisfies.
I can compare and contrast housing needs among people of different ages and life stages.
I can assess the importance of building homes that follow the concept of universal design.
Vocabulary
Adaptable Design Archaeologist Barrier-Free Design Housing Lifestyles Nomads Physical Needs Psychological Needs Universal Design
HOME
What comes to mind?
What is the purpose?
The Development of Housing
Natural Shelters- Before tools, people relied on landscape for protection and shelter.
Portable Shelters- Hunters and gatherers had to move frequently to be near new sources of food. Their shelters had to be taken apart, moved and reassembled at the next location.
Permanent Shelters- With the development of farming, people could stay in one place to plant and harvest their crops and tend to their herds.
• Early humans often lived in caves• Improved dwellings with primitive
doors• Made ladders to reach caves in cliffs• Dug elaborate pits with sturdy roofs• Fireplaces for cooking• Used mounds covered with skins for
beds
Is the image of early humans as “cave men” accurate?
--Natural Shelters
People survived by hunting, fishing, gathering wild fruit.
Those who traveled searching for food needed movable housing.
Today…Bedouins in North African SaharaNomads of KenyaTurkish and Mongolian shepherds
What prompted the need for portable shelters?
--Portable Shelters
Agriculture methods improved…needed a place to store and preserve food
Shelters for possessions
Homes were built using the same materials from the area…houses were the SAME!
What is historically significant about granaries?
--Permanent Shelters
Communities…
Established as more and more people built permanent homes.
As communities were formed, distinctions in housing developed.
Wealthier classes—lived in two story homes in center of city
Middle class—one story homes
Poorest people—lived in mud huts in countryside
As economic classes developed…
Wealthy people…Wanted to protect themselves &
possessions Chose easily defended sites
Cliffs Mountainsides Waterways
Used sturdy construction Thick stone walls Battlements moats
Comfortable Shelters?In earlier times, even the homes of
the rich were not especially comfortable.
In Medieval castles… Cold wind blew through the rooms and
passageways Stone floors were cold Light came dimly through narrow
window fitted with small bits of thick glass
1300’s=Comfy! Due to TECHNOLOGY, many homes were
brighter, better ventilated and more sanitary.
The growth of a prosperous middle class during the Renaissance also influenced people’s expectations of housing.
People began to use their homes for (increase in leisure time): Relaxation Entertainment/ Social Activity Privacy
What Is The Family Life Cycle?
Throughout the years families experience many changes that affect the family as a
whole. The family life cycle is a model that was created to
show the five different stages of the cycle. While it is very accurate in most cases, all
families are different and the model can’t reflect ALL
variations, but it does give a general picture of how families must adapt to
changing situations and priorities.
Stage One:Beginning
Beginning Stage: Traditionally, the family
life cycle begins when two people marry.
Priorities at this stage include building a
relationship, working out respective roles, and setting goals for
the future.
Stage Two:Parenting
Parenting Stage:
When the couple become parents, their
priorities focus on raising children. As
they devote time and effort to caring for
children, they have less time for activities
as a couple.
Stage Three:Launching
Launching Stage:This time of transition occurs as the children begin to leave home
and become independent. They must adjust to new responsibilities, just
as their parents must learn to relate to them
as adults.
Stage Four:Middle-Age
Middle-Age Stage:After children leave home,
parents have more time to focus on being a couple again. The may reassess their careers, take up new hobbies, and become more involved in community activities. Preparing for retirement becomes a more immediate concern.
Stage Five:Retirement
Retirement Stage:Retirement gives more time for leisure activities. A couple may move to a
smaller home or to a retirement community. In this stage, aging related issues such as health and independence are more likely to be major
concerns.
VariationsJust like the variations with types of families,there are always exceptions to every rule. Forinstance: Some people marry and never have children. Other people become parents later in life when
most are retiring. Still in other families, the parenting and
launching stages may be occurring at the same time.
Some people retire and continue to work part-time, and/or become substitute parents to their grandchildren.
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