how do we use genetics to our advantage? what are the risks of using genetics to our advantage?

How do we use genetics to our advantage?

What are the risks of using genetics to our advantage?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo

http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/29478705#29478705

BiotechnologyThe use of living systems or organisms to make or develop useful products

Examples of Biotechnology

Genetic engineering

making changes to DNA code and putting back into cell

Applications of Genetic Engineering

Transgenic organisms- contains genes from other organisms

Transgenic Plants

Soybeans – produces insecticides Edible cotton seeds – not available

yet Golden rice – genes from flowers to

increase beta carotene

Transgenic Animals

Designer Babies - DNA from 3 people found in 15 babies.

Featherless chickens Glittering seahorses Glofish - can buy at Walmart

Genetically modified organisms

Many transgenic plants and animals fit into this category

Organisms whose genome has been changed by genetic engineering

https://curiosity.com/playlists/how-safe-are-genetically-modified-foods-6bwrNwni/what-is-a-genetically-modified-food-instant-egghead-45-scientific-american/

Cloning

Process of creating genetically identical organisms

1st animal cloned from an adult cell was - Dolly the sheep

Human cloning is illegal in many countries

Current uses for cloning

Clone your pet: http://www.myfriendagain.com/

cost 50,000 and up

Selective Breeding breeding animals and plants for a

particular trait

Example

Hybridization the process of interbreeding

individuals of different species

Examples

Examples

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What is the process of genetic engineering? Recombinant DNA: Genetically

engineered DNA created by splicing DNA from a different organism into the host DNA.

Uses a plasmid Plasmid - circular DNA found in

bacteria

DNA Technology DNA fingerprinting - a test to evaluate

genetic information Used in criminal cases, paternity cases, to

identify victims of accidents and ancestry.

How do scientists make a DNA fingerprint?

DNA is collected ( ex. Hairbrush, toothbrush, chewing gum, skin and other sources)

Restriction enzyme is added to sample to cut DNA into smaller fragments.

Sample is placed in a special gel and the gel is then put into electrophoresis equipment.

How does a gel electrophoresis works? Electrical current is applied to the gel with

the DNA sample Smaller DNA fragments moves to end of

the gel and larger DNA fragments stay at the top of the gel

Gel is stained to see fragments better

What happens if the sample is too small?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - process to make copies of DNA

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr

Gene Therapy

Ex. Add corrected copy of a defective gene to treat or prevent a genetic disease