how do we use genetics to our advantage? what are the risks of using genetics to our advantage?
TRANSCRIPT
How do we use genetics to our advantage?
What are the risks of using genetics to our advantage?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpzVFdDeWyo
http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/29478705#29478705
BiotechnologyThe use of living systems or organisms to make or develop useful products
Examples of Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
making changes to DNA code and putting back into cell
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Transgenic organisms- contains genes from other organisms
Transgenic Plants
Soybeans – produces insecticides Edible cotton seeds – not available
yet Golden rice – genes from flowers to
increase beta carotene
Transgenic Animals
Designer Babies - DNA from 3 people found in 15 babies.
Featherless chickens Glittering seahorses Glofish - can buy at Walmart
Genetically modified organisms
Many transgenic plants and animals fit into this category
Organisms whose genome has been changed by genetic engineering
https://curiosity.com/playlists/how-safe-are-genetically-modified-foods-6bwrNwni/what-is-a-genetically-modified-food-instant-egghead-45-scientific-american/
Cloning
Process of creating genetically identical organisms
1st animal cloned from an adult cell was - Dolly the sheep
Human cloning is illegal in many countries
Current uses for cloning
Clone your pet: http://www.myfriendagain.com/
cost 50,000 and up
Selective Breeding breeding animals and plants for a
particular trait
Example
Hybridization the process of interbreeding
individuals of different species
Examples
Examples
7
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What is the process of genetic engineering? Recombinant DNA: Genetically
engineered DNA created by splicing DNA from a different organism into the host DNA.
Uses a plasmid Plasmid - circular DNA found in
bacteria
DNA Technology DNA fingerprinting - a test to evaluate
genetic information Used in criminal cases, paternity cases, to
identify victims of accidents and ancestry.
How do scientists make a DNA fingerprint?
DNA is collected ( ex. Hairbrush, toothbrush, chewing gum, skin and other sources)
Restriction enzyme is added to sample to cut DNA into smaller fragments.
Sample is placed in a special gel and the gel is then put into electrophoresis equipment.
How does a gel electrophoresis works? Electrical current is applied to the gel with
the DNA sample Smaller DNA fragments moves to end of
the gel and larger DNA fragments stay at the top of the gel
Gel is stained to see fragments better
What happens if the sample is too small?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - process to make copies of DNA
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr
Gene Therapy
Ex. Add corrected copy of a defective gene to treat or prevent a genetic disease