http:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0okytU6LpEc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md-q5GRo9E0

THE COLD WAR

CONTINUED

Objective…

•Trace the continuing events & policies of the Cold War through the Eisenhower Administration.

The long term struggle with the

Soviets may produce a “garrison state”…

34) DDE’s concerns…

The “New Look”…

• Sec. of Defense Wilson coins the phrase ”more bang for the buck”…

35) The “New Look”…• Reduce military expenses• Nuclear weapons are

cheaper than conventional forces

• Pursue high- tech nuclear weapons to

• “Massive retaliation”…

Sec. of StateJohn

Foster Dulles

Sec. of StateJ. F. Dulles

36) Identify J.F. Dulles… Describe his position on communism & his role in

the “new look”.

Sec. of State J.F. Dulles

• Dominant in US foreign policy during the 50s

• Denounces “Containment”

• “Rollback”…

• “Massive retaliation”…

• “Brinksmanship”…

The “New Look”

• The “new look” successfully reduced military spending...

1952 196066%............... 49% of budget

37) How did DDE feel about the “new

look”?...

38) How did DDE handle the crises in E.

Berlin & Hungary?

Leader of the USSR

1958–1964

Nikita

Khrushchev

39) How did the ascension to power

of Nikita Khrushchev affect U.S.-Soviet

relations?

40) What incident ended the thawing of the Cold War?...

The U-2 Incident

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCoXJ_bDGTM

U-2 Spy Plane

The U-2 Incident May 1 ,1960

The U-2 Wreckage

Map indicating the flight path…

The Soviets

recoveredthe

parachute &

cameras

U-2 wreckage on displayed in Moscow

Lt. Powers was found guilty & spent 21 months in a Soviet

prison. He was released as part of a prisoner exchange.

The Results of the U-2 Incident….

Sputnik - Oct. 4, 1957 • The first artificial satellite

• Size of a basketball…183 lbs

• 98 minute orbit

• The start of the space race

• The USA fears the Soviet ability to launch nuclear missiles.

The Sputnik Launch

Oct. 4, 1957

Oct. 1957 - Eisenhower playing golf while Sputnik races overhead…

October 1957, Washington

Post - Khrushchev

celebrating the apparent Sputnik

victory…

41) The National Defense Education

Act of 1958…

•NASA is formed

An appeal to not spare the rod when it comes to catching up with the Soviets.

Covert Action

Covert Action

42) Why did Eisenhower believe the CIA was a

practical way of resolving international

political problems?

Covert Action

43) How did the U.S. & the USSR compete for influence in the

third world?

Intervening Around

the World

Intervening around the World

44) What actions did the U.S. take in Iran to insure a friendly government?...

What was the outcome?...

1953 - Iran • Iran nationalizes British oil

companies

• CIA overthrows the Iranian government

• The Shah is put in power & renegotiates oil contracts favorable to US

1955The Formosa Resolution• Congress approves military

force to prevent the PR of China from taking Formosa

• The PRC stops efforts to take Formosa

Intervening around the World

46) Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal?...

- French, British & Israeli response...

- U.S. respond...

1956 The Suez Crisis

• 1875- GB controls the SC

• 1956- Egypt nationalizes the SC

• 1956 - GB, FR & IS invade Egypt

• US/ DDE condemns the action at the UN…Halts the crisis

The Suez Canal

1956 The Eisenhower Doctrine

• US fears Soviet influence in the Mid-E… (OIL, OIL,OIL!)

• The US will support Mid-E. countries threatened by communism

• 1958 – US thwarts Soviet take over in Lebanon

Intervening around the World

47) Why did DDE oppose the Guzman administration in Guatemala? What actions

did the U.S. take there? Why type of government

was established in Guatemala?…

The foundations of the Vietnam

conflict…#49

First Indo-China War (1946-54)

The Viet Minh (Communists) are

fighting against French colonialism in Indo-

China.

The Vietnam dilemma…

• HST had committed the US to defend freedom

• DDE feared “another Asian war”…

• The French request direct U.S. involvement

DDE responds…

• DDE sends aid, military advisors & the CIA

• 1950-54 - US finances 75% of the French effort

Leader of the Viet Minh: Ho Chi Minh

Dien Bien Phu• Last battle between the

French & the Viet Minh

• Human wave attacks

• French: 2,200 Dead/ Wounded

17,800 prisoners

• Viet Minh: 23,000 Dead

Dien Bien Phu

The results of Dien Bien Phu…

• Expelled France from Vietnam

• The 1954 Geneva Conference

–Divides Vietnam: 17th parallel

–NV - Viet Minh - Ho Chi Minh

–SV - Rep. of Vietnam - Ngo Dinh Diem

1954 – S.E.A.T.O…

• US backed anti-communist alliance in Asia

• Members: US, Britain, France, Australia New Zealand Thailand, Philippines & Pakistan

Domino Theory…

“I can conceive of no greater tragedy than for the US to become engaged in an all out war in Indo-China”

- DD Eisenhower

Vice President Nixon explains the Domino Theory…

Intervening around the World

• 1959 - Cuba–Fidel Castro overthrows the

corrupt Cuban Dictator Fulgencio Batista

–Eisenhower authorized the training of Cuban nations who sought to overthrow Castro.

Fulgencia

Batista

Fidel Castro

Ike’s Warning: The Military – Industrial

Complex

51) What did Eisenhower warn against in his farewell address?

The “military industrial complex” speech...

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY

Ike’s Warning: The Military – Industrial Complex

“The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes.”