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7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture Guide
By Hitachi Data Systems
December 2012
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Contents
Executive Summary 3
Chapter 1 Unifed Storage with Enterprise Virtualization 4
A Single Virtualized Platform with Hitachi Unified Storage VM 4
Chapter 2 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture 4
One Platform for All Data 5
Hitachi Unifed Storage VM Hardware Components 5
High-Performance Switched Network 11
Cache and Control Memory 12
Front-End Design 12
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design 13
Chapter 3 Software Packages 17
Block Module Software Bundles 17
File Module Software Bundles 24
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all Data 26
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 3
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture Guide
Executive SummaryHitachi Unified Storage VM (HUS VM) is a storage platform for small to medium enterprises that combines storage
virtualization services with unified block file and object data management (see Figure 1 ) This versatile scalable plat-
form provides a new storage virtualization system with central storage services for existing storage assets Unified
management delivers end-to-end central storage management of all virtualized internal and external storage A
unique hardware-accelerated object-based file system supports intelligent file tiering and migration as well as virtual
NAS functionality without compromising performance or scalability
This storage platform requires less floor space and cooling due to innovative new technologies and packaging It
offers tighter integration with server virtualization and improved storage administrator productivity through Hitachi
Command Suite Hitachi Command Suite is an open standards-based suite of tools that provides comprehensive
management control and reporting for all file object and block services This software suite enables single-pane-of-
glass management of all virtualized internal and external storage attached to HUS VM
Using this system you can deploy virtual server applications within a new storage virtualization framework You
can extend new services to your current storage investments and more closely align IT with business objectives by
enhancing capacity efficiency HUS VM storage systems provide the foundation for matching application service
requirements to different classes of storage and for delivering critical services
Figure 1 Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 4
Chapter 1 Unified Storage with Enterprise Virtualization
To achieve growth and efficiency businesses today must overcome a range of challenges while faced with surg-
ing operating expenses and flat budgets Building an enterprise-level storage infrastructure should not be one of
their challenges Hitachi Unified Storage VM (HUS VM) changes the storage economics equation by introducing the
worldrsquos first unified storage platform with enterprise storage virtualization With storage virtualization businesses gain
higher value and higher functionality resulting in greater capacity efficiency and extensive cost savings
A Single Virtualized Platform with Hitachi Unified Storage VM
Hitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments (see Figure 2 )
We are focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data And we are the only vendor who
can provide you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms
as well as all data and information types
Figure 2 Hitachi Consolidated Storage Virtualization
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) simpli-
fied data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk (data protection)
Chapter 2 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture
Like Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform (VSP) which we introduced in 2010 Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on
the Hi-Star crossbar-switch architecture This architecture provides a shared resource system where all the primary
components including front-end ports back-end ports cache modules and processors are connected through an
internal switched network HUS VM supports up to 64PB of internal and external virtualized storage capacity and up
to 256GB of directly addressable cache (see Table 1 )
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 5
The internal processors share a global cache along with the front-end and back-end IO modules which creates a
common pool of storage resources and disk capacity This disk capacity can include external storage which is con-
nected through host-initiator Fibre Channel ports
One Platform for All Data
Controller-based storage virtualization is a key enabling technology to providing one platform for all data In addition
the internal architecture of Hitachi Unified Storage VM separates management and control processing from front-end
and back-end processing It delivers improved performance for any unique processing required by different types
of data It also provides the flexibility to mix and match front-end and back-end storage services to rapidly achieve
a desired goal Consolidated and aggregated multivendor storage resources provide a single platform of enterprise
capacity for all file object and block services functionality
Operational Simplicity
Hitachi controller-based storage virtualization dramatically simplifies the storage infrastructure Virtualization enables
the consolidation and aggregation of all multivendor storage resources in a single pool of enterprise storage capac-
ity Existing LUNs and data on externally attached storage systems are automatically discovered by Hitachi Universal
Volume Manager The LUNs and data are presented through global cache as if they were still connected to the appli-cation server
Hitachi Command Suite offers a comprehensive set of management control and discovery tools for file object and
block storage services The software integrates solutions for storage resource management tiered storage business
continuity and thin provisioning giving storage managers a unified management solution for all enterprise storage
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Hardware Components
Hitachi Unified Storage VM can be configured starting with a single diskless system up to a full 3-rack system (see
Table 1 ) The full system can include up to 1152 hard disk drives (HDDs) up to 128 solid-state drives (SSDs) and a
total of 256GB cache The system provides a highly granular upgrade path allowing the addition of file modules or
disk drives to the drive chassis in an existing system as storage needs increase All modules or drives are mounted in
standard 19-inch racks A basic HUS VM storage system consists of a 5U controller chassis and none or 1 or moredrive trays that contain the HDDs or SSDs HUS VM supports multiple concurrent operating systems to create a het-
erogeneous system environment
The controller chassis has dual controllers and each controller has a cache blade and a processor blade All data
passes through the cache blade application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to cache The processor blade executes
all IO jobs and manages cache HUS VM hardware is composed of the following major components as shown in
Figure 3
Block modules mdash storage virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
File modules mdash file virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
Drive trays mdash support for large form factor (LFF) 35-inch drives and small form factor (SFF) drives
Rack mdash Hitachi Data Systems or standard 19-inch rack using our supplied rail kits
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 6
Figure 3 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Components
Block Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on a new block storage system powered by a storage virtualization control-ler This virtual storage system is a single controller chassis available without drives It contains the control logic
processors memory and interfaces to the drive chassis and the host servers (see Figures 4 and 5) Its dual-node
shared-resource architecture creates a redundant configuration in which the storage system can continue operation
should a component failure occur
The block module enables virtualized data access by aggregating storage servers with enterprise storage services
without added complexity It provides common enterprise storage and data services for lower-level lower-cost stor-
age by leveraging existing investments and it provides seamless integration for future capabilities
Main components can be added removed and replaced in the block module without shutting down a device while
the storage system is in operation The microcode can also be upgraded without shutting down the storage system
An integrated service processor mounted in the controller chassis monitors the running condition of the storage
system Connecting the service processor with our service center enables remote maintenance As shown in Figure
5 the block module features
Up to 32 x 8GB Fibre Channel (48 without drives)
4 x 8 WL 6GB SAS
Integrated switching power supplies
Integrated service processor
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 7
Figure 4 Controller Chassis
Figure 5 Block Module Chassis Rear Detail
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Contents
Executive Summary 3
Chapter 1 Unifed Storage with Enterprise Virtualization 4
A Single Virtualized Platform with Hitachi Unified Storage VM 4
Chapter 2 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture 4
One Platform for All Data 5
Hitachi Unifed Storage VM Hardware Components 5
High-Performance Switched Network 11
Cache and Control Memory 12
Front-End Design 12
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design 13
Chapter 3 Software Packages 17
Block Module Software Bundles 17
File Module Software Bundles 24
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all Data 26
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 3
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture Guide
Executive SummaryHitachi Unified Storage VM (HUS VM) is a storage platform for small to medium enterprises that combines storage
virtualization services with unified block file and object data management (see Figure 1 ) This versatile scalable plat-
form provides a new storage virtualization system with central storage services for existing storage assets Unified
management delivers end-to-end central storage management of all virtualized internal and external storage A
unique hardware-accelerated object-based file system supports intelligent file tiering and migration as well as virtual
NAS functionality without compromising performance or scalability
This storage platform requires less floor space and cooling due to innovative new technologies and packaging It
offers tighter integration with server virtualization and improved storage administrator productivity through Hitachi
Command Suite Hitachi Command Suite is an open standards-based suite of tools that provides comprehensive
management control and reporting for all file object and block services This software suite enables single-pane-of-
glass management of all virtualized internal and external storage attached to HUS VM
Using this system you can deploy virtual server applications within a new storage virtualization framework You
can extend new services to your current storage investments and more closely align IT with business objectives by
enhancing capacity efficiency HUS VM storage systems provide the foundation for matching application service
requirements to different classes of storage and for delivering critical services
Figure 1 Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 4
Chapter 1 Unified Storage with Enterprise Virtualization
To achieve growth and efficiency businesses today must overcome a range of challenges while faced with surg-
ing operating expenses and flat budgets Building an enterprise-level storage infrastructure should not be one of
their challenges Hitachi Unified Storage VM (HUS VM) changes the storage economics equation by introducing the
worldrsquos first unified storage platform with enterprise storage virtualization With storage virtualization businesses gain
higher value and higher functionality resulting in greater capacity efficiency and extensive cost savings
A Single Virtualized Platform with Hitachi Unified Storage VM
Hitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments (see Figure 2 )
We are focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data And we are the only vendor who
can provide you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms
as well as all data and information types
Figure 2 Hitachi Consolidated Storage Virtualization
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) simpli-
fied data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk (data protection)
Chapter 2 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture
Like Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform (VSP) which we introduced in 2010 Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on
the Hi-Star crossbar-switch architecture This architecture provides a shared resource system where all the primary
components including front-end ports back-end ports cache modules and processors are connected through an
internal switched network HUS VM supports up to 64PB of internal and external virtualized storage capacity and up
to 256GB of directly addressable cache (see Table 1 )
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 5
The internal processors share a global cache along with the front-end and back-end IO modules which creates a
common pool of storage resources and disk capacity This disk capacity can include external storage which is con-
nected through host-initiator Fibre Channel ports
One Platform for All Data
Controller-based storage virtualization is a key enabling technology to providing one platform for all data In addition
the internal architecture of Hitachi Unified Storage VM separates management and control processing from front-end
and back-end processing It delivers improved performance for any unique processing required by different types
of data It also provides the flexibility to mix and match front-end and back-end storage services to rapidly achieve
a desired goal Consolidated and aggregated multivendor storage resources provide a single platform of enterprise
capacity for all file object and block services functionality
Operational Simplicity
Hitachi controller-based storage virtualization dramatically simplifies the storage infrastructure Virtualization enables
the consolidation and aggregation of all multivendor storage resources in a single pool of enterprise storage capac-
ity Existing LUNs and data on externally attached storage systems are automatically discovered by Hitachi Universal
Volume Manager The LUNs and data are presented through global cache as if they were still connected to the appli-cation server
Hitachi Command Suite offers a comprehensive set of management control and discovery tools for file object and
block storage services The software integrates solutions for storage resource management tiered storage business
continuity and thin provisioning giving storage managers a unified management solution for all enterprise storage
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Hardware Components
Hitachi Unified Storage VM can be configured starting with a single diskless system up to a full 3-rack system (see
Table 1 ) The full system can include up to 1152 hard disk drives (HDDs) up to 128 solid-state drives (SSDs) and a
total of 256GB cache The system provides a highly granular upgrade path allowing the addition of file modules or
disk drives to the drive chassis in an existing system as storage needs increase All modules or drives are mounted in
standard 19-inch racks A basic HUS VM storage system consists of a 5U controller chassis and none or 1 or moredrive trays that contain the HDDs or SSDs HUS VM supports multiple concurrent operating systems to create a het-
erogeneous system environment
The controller chassis has dual controllers and each controller has a cache blade and a processor blade All data
passes through the cache blade application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to cache The processor blade executes
all IO jobs and manages cache HUS VM hardware is composed of the following major components as shown in
Figure 3
Block modules mdash storage virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
File modules mdash file virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
Drive trays mdash support for large form factor (LFF) 35-inch drives and small form factor (SFF) drives
Rack mdash Hitachi Data Systems or standard 19-inch rack using our supplied rail kits
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 6
Figure 3 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Components
Block Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on a new block storage system powered by a storage virtualization control-ler This virtual storage system is a single controller chassis available without drives It contains the control logic
processors memory and interfaces to the drive chassis and the host servers (see Figures 4 and 5) Its dual-node
shared-resource architecture creates a redundant configuration in which the storage system can continue operation
should a component failure occur
The block module enables virtualized data access by aggregating storage servers with enterprise storage services
without added complexity It provides common enterprise storage and data services for lower-level lower-cost stor-
age by leveraging existing investments and it provides seamless integration for future capabilities
Main components can be added removed and replaced in the block module without shutting down a device while
the storage system is in operation The microcode can also be upgraded without shutting down the storage system
An integrated service processor mounted in the controller chassis monitors the running condition of the storage
system Connecting the service processor with our service center enables remote maintenance As shown in Figure
5 the block module features
Up to 32 x 8GB Fibre Channel (48 without drives)
4 x 8 WL 6GB SAS
Integrated switching power supplies
Integrated service processor
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 7
Figure 4 Controller Chassis
Figure 5 Block Module Chassis Rear Detail
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 3
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture Guide
Executive SummaryHitachi Unified Storage VM (HUS VM) is a storage platform for small to medium enterprises that combines storage
virtualization services with unified block file and object data management (see Figure 1 ) This versatile scalable plat-
form provides a new storage virtualization system with central storage services for existing storage assets Unified
management delivers end-to-end central storage management of all virtualized internal and external storage A
unique hardware-accelerated object-based file system supports intelligent file tiering and migration as well as virtual
NAS functionality without compromising performance or scalability
This storage platform requires less floor space and cooling due to innovative new technologies and packaging It
offers tighter integration with server virtualization and improved storage administrator productivity through Hitachi
Command Suite Hitachi Command Suite is an open standards-based suite of tools that provides comprehensive
management control and reporting for all file object and block services This software suite enables single-pane-of-
glass management of all virtualized internal and external storage attached to HUS VM
Using this system you can deploy virtual server applications within a new storage virtualization framework You
can extend new services to your current storage investments and more closely align IT with business objectives by
enhancing capacity efficiency HUS VM storage systems provide the foundation for matching application service
requirements to different classes of storage and for delivering critical services
Figure 1 Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 4
Chapter 1 Unified Storage with Enterprise Virtualization
To achieve growth and efficiency businesses today must overcome a range of challenges while faced with surg-
ing operating expenses and flat budgets Building an enterprise-level storage infrastructure should not be one of
their challenges Hitachi Unified Storage VM (HUS VM) changes the storage economics equation by introducing the
worldrsquos first unified storage platform with enterprise storage virtualization With storage virtualization businesses gain
higher value and higher functionality resulting in greater capacity efficiency and extensive cost savings
A Single Virtualized Platform with Hitachi Unified Storage VM
Hitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments (see Figure 2 )
We are focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data And we are the only vendor who
can provide you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms
as well as all data and information types
Figure 2 Hitachi Consolidated Storage Virtualization
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) simpli-
fied data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk (data protection)
Chapter 2 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture
Like Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform (VSP) which we introduced in 2010 Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on
the Hi-Star crossbar-switch architecture This architecture provides a shared resource system where all the primary
components including front-end ports back-end ports cache modules and processors are connected through an
internal switched network HUS VM supports up to 64PB of internal and external virtualized storage capacity and up
to 256GB of directly addressable cache (see Table 1 )
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 5
The internal processors share a global cache along with the front-end and back-end IO modules which creates a
common pool of storage resources and disk capacity This disk capacity can include external storage which is con-
nected through host-initiator Fibre Channel ports
One Platform for All Data
Controller-based storage virtualization is a key enabling technology to providing one platform for all data In addition
the internal architecture of Hitachi Unified Storage VM separates management and control processing from front-end
and back-end processing It delivers improved performance for any unique processing required by different types
of data It also provides the flexibility to mix and match front-end and back-end storage services to rapidly achieve
a desired goal Consolidated and aggregated multivendor storage resources provide a single platform of enterprise
capacity for all file object and block services functionality
Operational Simplicity
Hitachi controller-based storage virtualization dramatically simplifies the storage infrastructure Virtualization enables
the consolidation and aggregation of all multivendor storage resources in a single pool of enterprise storage capac-
ity Existing LUNs and data on externally attached storage systems are automatically discovered by Hitachi Universal
Volume Manager The LUNs and data are presented through global cache as if they were still connected to the appli-cation server
Hitachi Command Suite offers a comprehensive set of management control and discovery tools for file object and
block storage services The software integrates solutions for storage resource management tiered storage business
continuity and thin provisioning giving storage managers a unified management solution for all enterprise storage
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Hardware Components
Hitachi Unified Storage VM can be configured starting with a single diskless system up to a full 3-rack system (see
Table 1 ) The full system can include up to 1152 hard disk drives (HDDs) up to 128 solid-state drives (SSDs) and a
total of 256GB cache The system provides a highly granular upgrade path allowing the addition of file modules or
disk drives to the drive chassis in an existing system as storage needs increase All modules or drives are mounted in
standard 19-inch racks A basic HUS VM storage system consists of a 5U controller chassis and none or 1 or moredrive trays that contain the HDDs or SSDs HUS VM supports multiple concurrent operating systems to create a het-
erogeneous system environment
The controller chassis has dual controllers and each controller has a cache blade and a processor blade All data
passes through the cache blade application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to cache The processor blade executes
all IO jobs and manages cache HUS VM hardware is composed of the following major components as shown in
Figure 3
Block modules mdash storage virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
File modules mdash file virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
Drive trays mdash support for large form factor (LFF) 35-inch drives and small form factor (SFF) drives
Rack mdash Hitachi Data Systems or standard 19-inch rack using our supplied rail kits
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 6
Figure 3 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Components
Block Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on a new block storage system powered by a storage virtualization control-ler This virtual storage system is a single controller chassis available without drives It contains the control logic
processors memory and interfaces to the drive chassis and the host servers (see Figures 4 and 5) Its dual-node
shared-resource architecture creates a redundant configuration in which the storage system can continue operation
should a component failure occur
The block module enables virtualized data access by aggregating storage servers with enterprise storage services
without added complexity It provides common enterprise storage and data services for lower-level lower-cost stor-
age by leveraging existing investments and it provides seamless integration for future capabilities
Main components can be added removed and replaced in the block module without shutting down a device while
the storage system is in operation The microcode can also be upgraded without shutting down the storage system
An integrated service processor mounted in the controller chassis monitors the running condition of the storage
system Connecting the service processor with our service center enables remote maintenance As shown in Figure
5 the block module features
Up to 32 x 8GB Fibre Channel (48 without drives)
4 x 8 WL 6GB SAS
Integrated switching power supplies
Integrated service processor
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 7
Figure 4 Controller Chassis
Figure 5 Block Module Chassis Rear Detail
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 4
Chapter 1 Unified Storage with Enterprise Virtualization
To achieve growth and efficiency businesses today must overcome a range of challenges while faced with surg-
ing operating expenses and flat budgets Building an enterprise-level storage infrastructure should not be one of
their challenges Hitachi Unified Storage VM (HUS VM) changes the storage economics equation by introducing the
worldrsquos first unified storage platform with enterprise storage virtualization With storage virtualization businesses gain
higher value and higher functionality resulting in greater capacity efficiency and extensive cost savings
A Single Virtualized Platform with Hitachi Unified Storage VM
Hitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments (see Figure 2 )
We are focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data And we are the only vendor who
can provide you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms
as well as all data and information types
Figure 2 Hitachi Consolidated Storage Virtualization
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) simpli-
fied data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk (data protection)
Chapter 2 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Architecture
Like Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform (VSP) which we introduced in 2010 Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on
the Hi-Star crossbar-switch architecture This architecture provides a shared resource system where all the primary
components including front-end ports back-end ports cache modules and processors are connected through an
internal switched network HUS VM supports up to 64PB of internal and external virtualized storage capacity and up
to 256GB of directly addressable cache (see Table 1 )
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 5
The internal processors share a global cache along with the front-end and back-end IO modules which creates a
common pool of storage resources and disk capacity This disk capacity can include external storage which is con-
nected through host-initiator Fibre Channel ports
One Platform for All Data
Controller-based storage virtualization is a key enabling technology to providing one platform for all data In addition
the internal architecture of Hitachi Unified Storage VM separates management and control processing from front-end
and back-end processing It delivers improved performance for any unique processing required by different types
of data It also provides the flexibility to mix and match front-end and back-end storage services to rapidly achieve
a desired goal Consolidated and aggregated multivendor storage resources provide a single platform of enterprise
capacity for all file object and block services functionality
Operational Simplicity
Hitachi controller-based storage virtualization dramatically simplifies the storage infrastructure Virtualization enables
the consolidation and aggregation of all multivendor storage resources in a single pool of enterprise storage capac-
ity Existing LUNs and data on externally attached storage systems are automatically discovered by Hitachi Universal
Volume Manager The LUNs and data are presented through global cache as if they were still connected to the appli-cation server
Hitachi Command Suite offers a comprehensive set of management control and discovery tools for file object and
block storage services The software integrates solutions for storage resource management tiered storage business
continuity and thin provisioning giving storage managers a unified management solution for all enterprise storage
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Hardware Components
Hitachi Unified Storage VM can be configured starting with a single diskless system up to a full 3-rack system (see
Table 1 ) The full system can include up to 1152 hard disk drives (HDDs) up to 128 solid-state drives (SSDs) and a
total of 256GB cache The system provides a highly granular upgrade path allowing the addition of file modules or
disk drives to the drive chassis in an existing system as storage needs increase All modules or drives are mounted in
standard 19-inch racks A basic HUS VM storage system consists of a 5U controller chassis and none or 1 or moredrive trays that contain the HDDs or SSDs HUS VM supports multiple concurrent operating systems to create a het-
erogeneous system environment
The controller chassis has dual controllers and each controller has a cache blade and a processor blade All data
passes through the cache blade application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to cache The processor blade executes
all IO jobs and manages cache HUS VM hardware is composed of the following major components as shown in
Figure 3
Block modules mdash storage virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
File modules mdash file virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
Drive trays mdash support for large form factor (LFF) 35-inch drives and small form factor (SFF) drives
Rack mdash Hitachi Data Systems or standard 19-inch rack using our supplied rail kits
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 6
Figure 3 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Components
Block Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on a new block storage system powered by a storage virtualization control-ler This virtual storage system is a single controller chassis available without drives It contains the control logic
processors memory and interfaces to the drive chassis and the host servers (see Figures 4 and 5) Its dual-node
shared-resource architecture creates a redundant configuration in which the storage system can continue operation
should a component failure occur
The block module enables virtualized data access by aggregating storage servers with enterprise storage services
without added complexity It provides common enterprise storage and data services for lower-level lower-cost stor-
age by leveraging existing investments and it provides seamless integration for future capabilities
Main components can be added removed and replaced in the block module without shutting down a device while
the storage system is in operation The microcode can also be upgraded without shutting down the storage system
An integrated service processor mounted in the controller chassis monitors the running condition of the storage
system Connecting the service processor with our service center enables remote maintenance As shown in Figure
5 the block module features
Up to 32 x 8GB Fibre Channel (48 without drives)
4 x 8 WL 6GB SAS
Integrated switching power supplies
Integrated service processor
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 7
Figure 4 Controller Chassis
Figure 5 Block Module Chassis Rear Detail
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 5
The internal processors share a global cache along with the front-end and back-end IO modules which creates a
common pool of storage resources and disk capacity This disk capacity can include external storage which is con-
nected through host-initiator Fibre Channel ports
One Platform for All Data
Controller-based storage virtualization is a key enabling technology to providing one platform for all data In addition
the internal architecture of Hitachi Unified Storage VM separates management and control processing from front-end
and back-end processing It delivers improved performance for any unique processing required by different types
of data It also provides the flexibility to mix and match front-end and back-end storage services to rapidly achieve
a desired goal Consolidated and aggregated multivendor storage resources provide a single platform of enterprise
capacity for all file object and block services functionality
Operational Simplicity
Hitachi controller-based storage virtualization dramatically simplifies the storage infrastructure Virtualization enables
the consolidation and aggregation of all multivendor storage resources in a single pool of enterprise storage capac-
ity Existing LUNs and data on externally attached storage systems are automatically discovered by Hitachi Universal
Volume Manager The LUNs and data are presented through global cache as if they were still connected to the appli-cation server
Hitachi Command Suite offers a comprehensive set of management control and discovery tools for file object and
block storage services The software integrates solutions for storage resource management tiered storage business
continuity and thin provisioning giving storage managers a unified management solution for all enterprise storage
Hitachi Unified Storage VM Hardware Components
Hitachi Unified Storage VM can be configured starting with a single diskless system up to a full 3-rack system (see
Table 1 ) The full system can include up to 1152 hard disk drives (HDDs) up to 128 solid-state drives (SSDs) and a
total of 256GB cache The system provides a highly granular upgrade path allowing the addition of file modules or
disk drives to the drive chassis in an existing system as storage needs increase All modules or drives are mounted in
standard 19-inch racks A basic HUS VM storage system consists of a 5U controller chassis and none or 1 or moredrive trays that contain the HDDs or SSDs HUS VM supports multiple concurrent operating systems to create a het-
erogeneous system environment
The controller chassis has dual controllers and each controller has a cache blade and a processor blade All data
passes through the cache blade application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to cache The processor blade executes
all IO jobs and manages cache HUS VM hardware is composed of the following major components as shown in
Figure 3
Block modules mdash storage virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
File modules mdash file virtualization system with support for internal and external virtualized storage
Drive trays mdash support for large form factor (LFF) 35-inch drives and small form factor (SFF) drives
Rack mdash Hitachi Data Systems or standard 19-inch rack using our supplied rail kits
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 6
Figure 3 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Components
Block Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on a new block storage system powered by a storage virtualization control-ler This virtual storage system is a single controller chassis available without drives It contains the control logic
processors memory and interfaces to the drive chassis and the host servers (see Figures 4 and 5) Its dual-node
shared-resource architecture creates a redundant configuration in which the storage system can continue operation
should a component failure occur
The block module enables virtualized data access by aggregating storage servers with enterprise storage services
without added complexity It provides common enterprise storage and data services for lower-level lower-cost stor-
age by leveraging existing investments and it provides seamless integration for future capabilities
Main components can be added removed and replaced in the block module without shutting down a device while
the storage system is in operation The microcode can also be upgraded without shutting down the storage system
An integrated service processor mounted in the controller chassis monitors the running condition of the storage
system Connecting the service processor with our service center enables remote maintenance As shown in Figure
5 the block module features
Up to 32 x 8GB Fibre Channel (48 without drives)
4 x 8 WL 6GB SAS
Integrated switching power supplies
Integrated service processor
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 7
Figure 4 Controller Chassis
Figure 5 Block Module Chassis Rear Detail
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 6
Figure 3 Hitachi Unified Storage VM Components
Block Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is based on a new block storage system powered by a storage virtualization control-ler This virtual storage system is a single controller chassis available without drives It contains the control logic
processors memory and interfaces to the drive chassis and the host servers (see Figures 4 and 5) Its dual-node
shared-resource architecture creates a redundant configuration in which the storage system can continue operation
should a component failure occur
The block module enables virtualized data access by aggregating storage servers with enterprise storage services
without added complexity It provides common enterprise storage and data services for lower-level lower-cost stor-
age by leveraging existing investments and it provides seamless integration for future capabilities
Main components can be added removed and replaced in the block module without shutting down a device while
the storage system is in operation The microcode can also be upgraded without shutting down the storage system
An integrated service processor mounted in the controller chassis monitors the running condition of the storage
system Connecting the service processor with our service center enables remote maintenance As shown in Figure
5 the block module features
Up to 32 x 8GB Fibre Channel (48 without drives)
4 x 8 WL 6GB SAS
Integrated switching power supplies
Integrated service processor
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 7
Figure 4 Controller Chassis
Figure 5 Block Module Chassis Rear Detail
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 7
Figure 4 Controller Chassis
Figure 5 Block Module Chassis Rear Detail
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 8
The block controller module includes 2 cache blades 2 processor blades an integrated service processor and dual
power supplies with built-in cooling fans Each cache blade has slots for the system cache Each also contains an
ASIC that includes most of the discrete logic previously found on Virtual Storage Platform front-end director and
back-end director boards and a battery for data saving If a power failure continues more than 20 milliseconds thestorage system uses power from the batteries to back up the cache memory data and the storage system configura-
tion data onto the cache flash memory
The processor blade contains an Intel Xeon 8-core processor and local RAM
A basic HUS VM chassis with dual controllers provides a total of
2 cache blades each with
Up to 128GB of cache (16 x 8GB DDR3 DIMMs)
160GB flash for cache backup (2 x 80GB)
Flash battery
2 processor blades each with
1 x 8-core Intel Xeon processor
8GB of local memory (2 x 4GB DIMMs)
8 host modules (4 x 8Gbsec Fibre Channel ports each)
4 drive modules (8 x 6Gbsec SAS links each)
Supports up to 1152 HDDs housed in the disk trays
File Module
Hitachi Unified Storage VM file module features a hybrid core architecture that uses the best properties ofFPGA-based design to optimize data movement These properties are coupled with high-performance multicore pro-
cessors for efficient data management Both classes of activity work at full speed without impacting each other They
can handle a number of simultaneous workloads and responsibilities such as serving email to thousands of users
and hosting large-scale online transaction processing (OLTP) applications while maintaining high performance
The file module provides virtualized file access through a single cluster namespace unifying the directory structure
and presenting a single logical view (see Figure 6 ) It provides a virtual NAS to allocate server resources for perfor-
mance and high availability and storage pools that simplify storage provisioning for applications and workgroups
Tiered storage optimizes performance high availability and disk utilization across multiple tiers of storage
The file module provides high IOPS performance utilizing built-in 10 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 1GbE for high
throughput NAS and iSCSI networking connectivity Up to 4 nodes in a single cluster will meet demands for scalable
storage with greater access capacity and performance Storage can be added at any time to meet new application
or business needs or to consolidate disparate storage with a single point of management and without downtime
These systems offer a total usable capacity from 4PB to 8PB under a single namespace with easy-to-use centralized
system management that enables administration via command-line interface (CLI) or an intuitive graphical user inter-
face (GUI)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 9
Figure 6 File Module Rear Detail
HUS VM file modules are designed to meet the high performance and scalability requirements of enterprise mission-
critical applications They can help reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) through consolidation without sacrificing
performance and scalability We employ BlueArcreg1 Silicon FS a patented hardware-accelerated object-based file
system to enable file system performance and scalability without compromise In addition multiple layers of storage
virtualization overcome the complexities associated with large-scale file system management and data availability
Metadata optimization for improved storage efficiency is included in BlueArc Silicon FS The number of metadata
operations is significantly greater than the regular data operations and contributes to a larger share of the IO work-
load mix This function enables use of fewer high-performance disks combined with lower cost disks while achieving
the same high performance This efficiency derives from the automatic separation of metadata from user data
Metadata is placed on the faster tier of utilized storage and the user data on the slower less expensive tier This
results in improved overall system performance and reduced costs
The BlueArc Silicon FS also includes core functionality for storage virtualization Individual file systems belong to
enterprise virtual servers (EVS) within each physical system each with its own set of IP addresses policies and
individual port assignments Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs of application or
organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among physical servers
for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
The file system also organizes RAID storage into a logical pool of shared storage that can simultaneously provi-
sion multiple file systems This allows administrators to provision file systems as needed manually or by setting rules
that automatically enforce policies distributing data dynamically across available storage to optimize performanceIntelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and archive tiers whether internally to the data
center or externally from remote or branch offices with automated policy-driven migration tools
The cluster namespace functionality provides a single namespace with a directory structure that is independent of
where data actually resides in physical storage Virtual servers are used to group server resources to match the needs
of application or organizational requirements In a clustered environment file systems can be quickly relocated among
physical servers for load balancing and virtual servers automatically migrate in a cluster failover scenario
1 BlueArc is now a part of Hitachi Data Systems
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 10
Drive Trays
Hitachi Unified Storage VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS
drives Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF 25-inch drives are supported All drive types use a 6Gbsec SAS interface
The standard drive tray (see Figure 7 ) is a chassis that enables the installation of up to twenty-four 25-inch SFF disk
drives and 25-inch flash drives It includes 2 enclosure communication cards and 2 power supplies with a built-in
cooling fan
Figure 7 Drive Tray 25-inch SFF and 35-inch LFF
The dense disk drive is configured with up to forty-eight 35-inch LFF drives (see Figure 8 ) The enclosure communi-
cation cards and power supplies are individual for each half of the unit and are installed as a duplex configuration
Figure 8 Drive Tray 35-inch LFF DBX Dense
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 1
TABLE 1 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 24 x 25rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Standard Disk Expansion Trays (2U 12 x 35rdquo disks) 48
Maximum Dense Expansion Trays (4U 48 x 35rdquo disks) 24
Data Cache (GB) 64-256
Fibre Channel Port Performance (Gbsec) 248
Maximum Logical Devices (LDEVs) 16384
Number of Disks per System (with spares) (25rdquo or 35rdquo) 0-1152
Number of Flash Drives per System (SSD) 0-128
Number of Disk Spares 1-64
Maximum Internal and External Capacity (PB) 64PB
Block Modules
Architecture Hierarchical star network
Backend SAS links (6Gbsec) 2-4 2-port modules (32 SAS links 4 WL links per port)
Dimensions HxWxD 5U 85 (217mm) x 190 (480mm) x 33 (838mm)
Weight 156 lbs (71kg)
File Modules
Nodes per Cluster 1-4
Main Board Memory 32GB (2GB NVRAM)
Number of VLANs 256
1Gbsec Client Ports 6
10Gbsec Client Ports 2
Protocols SMB NFS FTP
Dimensions HeightWidthDepth 3U 51 (130mm) x 172 (437mm) x 27 (685mm)
Weight 55 lbs (25kg)
High-Performance Switched Network
At the heart of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the switched network that is used to communicate and transfer informa-
tion between the various components (see Figure 9 )
Each block module contains dual Hi-Star crossbar-switch controllers All cache data and control data paths are part
of the switched network This switched network is used to communicate and transfer information between the vari-
ous components of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 12
Figure 9 Hitachi Unified Storage VM With Hi-Star Crossbar-Switch Architecture for High-Performance Data Movement
Cache and Control Memory
Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses partitioned cache rather than a shared global cache A portion of this cache space
(4GB to 20GB per blade mirrored) is reserved for the control memory region There is also a transfer buffer region
where the host ports and drive ports transfer data blocks There is also space for 2 or 4 user data cache directories
(500MB each)
The control memory and cache directory regions are backed up to each cache bladersquos SSD on a planned shutdown
On power loss all of cache per blade is backed up to its local SSD on power loss
The remaining cache space is managed as a global pool This space is evenly divided into 4 partitions for the 4
microprocessor units A microprocessor unit may borrow some space from another partition under certain circum-
stances A microprocessor unit cannot access its own data partition only the cache blades can do so with DMA
transfers but the microprocessors manage their partitions Each processor blade microprocessor unit uses DMA to
access control memory and the cache directories on the cache blades but the cache blades do not
Front-End Design
Each host IO module contains one 4-port Tachyon QE8 8Gbsec Fibre Channel controller Each module is con-
nected to one PCIe x8 link on the ASIC on the cache blade Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports Fibre Channel for
open systems and SAN connectivity HUS VM supports up to 32 Fibre Channel ports from up to 8 host IO modules
per controller chassis Additional ports up to 48 can be added by replacing 1 to 4 drive modules per controller
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 13
chassis with host IO modules The Fibre Channel ports support industry-standard 2Gbsec 4Gbsec and 8Gbsec
transfer rates
Unique port virtualization technology dramatically expands connectivity from open systems platforms to Hitachi
Unified Storage VM Each physical Fibre Channel port supports 1024 virtual ports Each virtual port has access to a
private storage partition called a host storage domain which includes a bootable LUN0
Connectivity from all major open systems hosts is supported including2
HP HP-UX
IBMreg AIX reg
Microsoftreg Windows Serverreg (2000 2003 2008 2012)
Novell NetWare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Oracle Sun Solaris
VMware ESX Server
High-Performance SAS Back-End Design
The back end of Hitachi Unified Storage VM is a SAS engine that is a cross between the HUS 100 family and Hitachi
Virtual Storage Platform The SAS engine elements include the drive IO modules up to 48 disk trays with their dual
4-link SAS switches (ENCs) and the SAS drives The cache blade controls all communications between the drive
modules and the processor blades and all DMA transfers to cache Each drive module is connected to 1 PCIe x 8 link
on the ASIC in the main blade Each drive IO module contains 1 SAS controller device with a pair of 4-wide ports (4
x SAS 6Gbsec lanes)
HUS VM is available with a choice of disk drives ranging from high-performance SSDs to SAS drives (see Table 2 )Both LFF 35-inch drives and SFF drives are supported All drives types use a 6Gbsec interface to the back-end
directors
TABLE 2 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM DRIVE TYPES
Drive Type Size CapacitySpeed
(RPM)
SSD 25rdquo 400GB na
SAS
25rdquo 300GB 15K
25rdquo 600GB 10K
25rdquo 900GB 10K
35rdquo 3TB 72K
2 For the most updated list of supported operating systems refer to Hitachi Data Systems website at httpwwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecifications
operating-system-support-vmhtml
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 14
RAID Implementation Advantages
Hitachi Data Systems drive IO modules employ advanced algorithms to manage performance The intelligent
controllers provide disk-interface and RAID management circuitry offloading these tasks to dedicated embedded
processors Hitachi Unified Storage VM supports RAID-1+0 RAID-5 (parity RAID) and RAID-6 (see Table 3 ) All user
data disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array group of one type or another
TABLE 3 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BACK983085END DIRECTOR SUPPORT OF RAID CONFIGURATIONS3
RAID Type Supported Disk Configuration
RAID-1+0 Mirroring 2D+2D
RAID-5 Distributed Parity3D+1P
7D+1P
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity6D+2P
14D+2P
RAID-1+0
RAID-1+0 is available in 2 data plus 2 data (2D+2D) disk configuration The configuration includes a rotating copy
where the primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical disk drives for performance
RAID-1+0 is best suited to applications with low cache-hit ratios such as random IO activity and with high write to
read ratios
RAID-5 Distributed Parity
RAID-5 disk arrangements consist of 4 disks (3D+1P) or 8 disks (7D+1P) Data is striped across disks similar toRAID-1+0 However RAID-5 keeps parity information on each stripe of data for fault resilience If a failure occurs the
contents of the failed block can be recreated by reading back other blocks in the stripe and the parity Parity informa-
tion is distributed throughout the array to minimize bottlenecks when rebuilding data from a failed disk The overhead
of RAID-5 is equivalent to 1 disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID-5 is best suited to applications using
mostly sequential reads
Concatenated RAID-5 Array Groups
Concatenated array groups enable users to stripe logical devices (LDEVs) across more disks than are in a single
RAID-5 array group for better performance The feature supports the concatenation of 2 or 4 RAID-5 7D+1P array
groups An LDEV created on a standard RAID-5 array group becomes a LUN when it is mapped to a host port For
concatenated array groups the LDEV striped across multiple elements in the joined array groups forms a virtual
device (VDEV) Mapping the VDEV to a host port creates the LUN
RAID-6 Redundant Distributed Parity
Like RAID-5 RAID-6 stripes blocks of data and parity across an array of drives However RAID-6 maintains redun-
dant parity information for each stripe of data This redundancy enables RAID-6 to recover from the failure of up
to 2 drives in an array (a double fault) Other RAID configurations can only tolerate a single fault As with RAID-5
3 When using Open V-volumes for RAID-5 RAID-6 or RAID-1+0 configurations Hitachi Unified Storage VM uses 2 adjacent 256KB chunks from the same disk before
moving to the next disk so the effective chunk size is 512KB For example in a RAID-5 7d + 1P configuration the stripes are actually 3584KB (7 x 512KB)
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 1528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 15
performance is adjusted by varying stripe sizes RAID-6 is good for applications using the largest disks and perform-
ing many sequential reads
RAID Rebuild
If a disk in a RAID group fails the information on the failed drive is rapidly and automatically rebuilt on a hot spare
drive Hitachi Unified Storage VM also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Administrators can set rebuild
priority based on the daily processing cycle and RAID configuration installed
Connecting External Storage
One of the most significant features offered by Hitachi Unified Storage VM is the ability to connect external multi-
vendor storage This creates a single virtualized pool of capacity for administrators to centrally manage using Hitachi
storage management software (see Figure 10 ) HUS VM supports a wide range of 3rd-party storage systems
Figure 10 A Single Virtualized Pool of Capacity
For the latest information see the Externally Attached Storage Systems for each enterprise array including the HUS
VM at wwwhdscomproductsstorage-systemsspecificationssupported-external-storagehtml
Power Subsystem
The power subsystem used in Hitachi Unified Storage VM has redundant power supplies in the controller The power
supplies are hot-pluggable hot-swappable and N+1 redundant This means power supplies can be removed or
installed without affecting system operation
Each controller chassis in HUS VM consists of 2 redundant controller halves Each half contains all physical and logi-
cal elements needed to sustain processing Both storage halves support alternate connection path schemes so if
one fails the other can continue processing for the entire storage system
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
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copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 16
Redundant power supplies are provided to power each half of the controller In the event of a power supply failure
the power supplies in each half are capable of providing power for the entire system
System Monitoring Network
The system monitoring network in Hitachi Unified Storage VM connects to all cabinets and reports on a variety of
system conditions such as component failure fan speed voltages and temperature The network enables efficient
predictive maintenance so components can be replaced before they fail It also expedites system repair after a fail-
ure through the failure alert system
The system-monitoring network passes information to the service processor or remotely across a private LAN on a
UNIX or Microsoft Windows console Failure information is also available via Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) Copies of all system status and alerts are sent to Hitachi Data Systems customer support centers via the
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system
High Availability
Hitachi Unified Storage VM places emphasis on high availability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding enter-prise applications Hitachi Data Systems offers a combination of unique industry solutions and best-in-class 3rd-party
software integration to deliver unbeatable resilience and availability
Nondisruptive microcode and hardware upgrades
Automatic failover architecture with redundant hot-swappable components
Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component
Active-active dual-ported disk drives
Nonvolatile backup of cache using a combination of battery and flash disk drives
Hi-Track Remote Monitoring system which immediately sends notification of any incident that may affect availabil-
ity to the Hitachi Data Systems customer support center
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 17
Chapter 3 Software Packages
Hitachi Data Systems storage solutions support a full range of file object and block storage services (see Table 4 )
The solutions give IT the ability to mix and match services to satisfy a desired goal All solutions use open protocols
rather than proprietary APIs to promote interoperability and maintain scalability When combined with Hitachi Unified
Storage VM this complete offering of software solutions allows a single storage solution to support all data types
Block Module Software Bundles
TABLE 4 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM BLOCK MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Application
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS) Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Baseline management tools for Hitachi Unified
Storage VM including virtualization
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Command Director
Seamlessly gathers and reports storage and
application performance
Hitachi Command Suite Mobili ty Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Optimizes tiered storage at the volume or
sub-LUN level
Hitachi Local Protection Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous
Replication
Hitachi Replication Manager
Create and manage internal full and snapshot
copies of volumes
Hitachi Remote Protection Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote
replication
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Simplifies data replication between storage
systems
The following sections describe the complementary storage capabilities and software components in depth
Hitachi Command Suite Storage Management
Hitachi Command Suite is an application-centric storage management solution (see Figure 11 ) It incorporates
the internationally recognized Information Technology Infrastructure Library services management best practices
to simplify administration of a common pool of multivendor storage This suite of management software gives
administrators the tools to deliver dependable storage system availability and performance The software offers com-
prehensive management control and discovery for file object and block storage services and reduces complexity
costs and risk in the storage infrastructure
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 1828
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 18
Figure 11 Deep Integration Through a Common Hitachi Command Suite GUI Showing Usability Data Repositories and
Task Workflows
Hitachi Base Operating System (BOS)
Hitachi Base Operating System is a set of fully integrated tools for simplifying storage management and enabling thepartitioning and virtualization capabilities of Hitachi Unified Storage VM (see Table 5 ) BOS utilizes an easy-to-use and
intuitive GUI to centrally manage Hitachi storage systems and also includes a complete CLI It provides user logical
physical and host management views that enable provisioning and storage pooling for primary and secondary stor-
age Base Operating System includes the following individual software components
TABLE 5 HITACHI BASE OPERATING SYSTEM INTEGRATED TOOLS
Tool Function
Hitachi Device Manager y Primary control point for Hitachi Base Operating System
y Provides a single point of management for all Hitachi physical and virtual storage
y Acts as the interface for integration with other systems
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning y Provides thin provisioning for simplified provisioning operations automatic performanceoptimization and storage space savings
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager y Enables virtualization of external heterogeneous storage
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager y Supports up to 29 virtual cache partitions
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
Advanced
y Provides advanced SAN multipathing with centralized management
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2128
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2228
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2328
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2428
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 1928
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 19
Hitachi Device Manager
Hitachi Device Manager provides centralized management of multiple Hitachi storage systems Hitachi Device
Manager v7 features a new GUI integrated workflows for improved usability and significant improvements to both
scalability and performance By providing a single console for managing complex storage environments Hitachi
Device Manager software unifies and simplifies storage management
Featuring both an intuitive GUI and a complete CLI Device Manager centrally manages single or multiple Hitachi
storage systems With highly efficient context-sensitive workflows Device Manager supports multiple management
views including physical logical host NAS and virtual server for provisioning and storage pooling for primary and
secondary storage
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning provides Hitachi Unified Storage VM with thin provisioning services This gives applica-
tions access to virtual storage capacity (see Figure 12 ) As an application writes data to a virtual volume the storage
system dynamically allocates physical disk space from a common pool Unused capacity in the pool is available to
any application that needs it eliminating the waste of overallocated and underutilized application storage capacity
The automated allocation of application storage capacity also dramatically simplifies the storage provisioning process
Dynamic Provisioning reduces the need to perform complex storage system tuning to improve IO performance HUS
VM automatically stripes thin provisioned volumes across the entire width of the physical pool of disks This wide
striping balances the IO load across many disk spindles giving consistently high performance for all IO
Figure 12 Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning Deployed to Reduce the Size Cost and Complexity of the Enterprise Storage
Environment
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2028
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2128
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2228
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2328
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2428
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2028
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 20
HUS VM implementation of thin provisioning is unique All internal and externally attached storage resources virtual-
ized by the Hitachi storage controller can participate in the common physical pool used by thin provisioned volumes
Dynamic Provisioning also simplifies storage provisioning and automates data placement on disk for optimal per-
formance Administrators do not need to micromanage application storage allocations or perform complex manual
performance tuning In addition physical storage resources can be added to the thin provisioning pool at any time
without application downtime
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager
Hitachi Universal Volume Manager simplifies migration of applications using 3rd-party storage to HUS VM The soft-
ware eliminates the need to reformat LUNs or perform complex extent mapping providing a minimally disruptive
migration process Once virtualized behind HUS VM external LUNs gain access to all Hitachi storage services
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager
Hitachi Virtual Partition Manager enables the logical partitioning of cache into independently managed virtual
machines (VMs) The number of partitions and partition sizes can be adjusted nondisruptively while HUS VM is inoperation These partitions can be allocated dynamically to utilize resources based on changes in business require-
ments by assigning different IO workloads to different areas of cache Hitachi Resource Partition Manager is also
available as an option for administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM resources
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced
Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager Advanced offers robust multipath SAN connections between servers and storage sys-
tems It provides fault-tolerant failover failback and load balancing and centralized path management for improved
information access usability and availability Automatic workload balancing helps to maintain outstanding system
performance across all available paths If one path were to fail Dynamic Link Manager Advanced would automatically
switch the IO to an alternate path ensuring that an active route to data is always available
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package
Hitachi Command Suite Analytics Package software gathers information and reports on storage network resources
enabling storage administrators to make informed storage management decisions It includes the following individual
software components
Hitachi Tuning Manager
Hitachi Tuning Manager is an automated intelligent and path-aware storage resource management tool that maps
monitors analyzes and measures storage network resources and performance from the application to the device By
monitoring all storage network resources including hosts file systems databases SAN switches and Hitachi stor-
age systems Hitachi Tuning Manager provides the necessary visibility for complete performance management of the
entire storage environment Through a Web-based interface Tuning Manager facilitates monitoring of the storage net-
work with a comprehensive range of performance statistics combined with predefined reports and custom reportingcapabilities
Hitachi Command Director
Hitachi Command Director centralizes management and reporting across Hitachi Command Suite (see Figure 13 )
By consolidating reporting of storage configuration capacity performance and tier information Command Director
provides a business-oriented view into the storage environment This view allows you to easily align Hitachi storage
assets with critical business applications and simplify application-to-storage reporting It also ensures compliance to
application-specific storage service levels
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2128
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2228
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2328
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2428
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2128
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 2
Figure 13 Hitachi Command Director Business-Oriented View of Storage
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package
Hitachi Command Suite Mobility Package software is used to optimize the systemrsquos tiered storage capabilities at the
volume or sub-LUN level It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager
Hitachi Tiered Storage Manager provides the unique ability to migrate volumes between heterogeneous tiers of stor-
age without affecting application access to data The software supports up to 64 simultaneous migrations using 64
processor threads and it offers a single interface for all data movement between storage virtualized by Hitachi Unified
Storage VM
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering
Hitachi Dynamic Tiering extends Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning and takes the automation of tiered storage to a new
level (see Figure 14 ) It enables the management of multiple storage tiers as a single entity It presents a new kind of
virtual volume with embedded smart tiering that monitors access and moves data at the fine grain page level
Dynamic Tiering uses a dynamic storage pool that is divided into 42MB pages Virtual volumes are made up of pages
from the dynamic storage pool Each page is mapped to a tier within the pool and can be anywhere in the pool on
any tier within that pool HUS VM through Dynamic Tiering determines which pages it is best to place in higher tiers
and which in lower tiers The pages can be moved up and down between the tiers within the pool for performance
optimization purposes
A Hitachi Dynamic Tiering environment will have most of the highly referenced pages in the highest tier and the leastreferenced pages in the lowest tier Dynamic Tiering will try to use highest tiers as much as possible This can provide
the effective appearance that all the data is on the fastest tier of storage in fact most of the data resides on lower
cost lower performance storage tiers composed of SAS drives The lowest tier also contains much of the spare
capacity
A Dynamic Tiering volume is another type of volume in a virtualized storage architecture Just like disk types and
RAID configurations multitier volumes are another way of delivering storage with tailored cost and performance ser-
vice levels Capacity can be dynamically added to or removed from a tier at any time which means that sizing a tier
for a pool is much easier
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2228
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2328
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2428
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2228
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 22
Figure 14 Volume Page and File System Tiering
With Dynamic Tiering the storage administrator does not need to classify data or define policies Once the tiers are
configured the storage system does all the work freeing up the storage administrator to focus on other storage-
related responsibilities
Hitachi Local Replication Package
Hitachi Local Replication Package software is used to both replicate full volumes as well as create snapshot copies of
internal volumes It includes the following individual software components
Hitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication
By providing nondisruptive high-speed data replication within any Hitachi storage system or virtualized storage poolHitachi ShadowImage Heterogeneous Replication software enables immediate use of data in decision support soft-
ware testing and development and data protection operations ShadowImage cloning operations are independent
of operating system application or device allowing efficient and centralized replicated storage volume management
ShadowImage software provides heterogeneous replication between any storage systems within a virtualized stor-
age pool managed by Hitachi Unified Storage VM Leveraging the storage virtualization capabilities of the platform
administrators can move data that resides on an externally attached storage system from the source to a target data
volume anywhere in the storage pool including to another externally attached system
Hitachi Replication Manager
With Hitachi Replication Manager administrators can configure monitor and manage any replication systems that are
based on Hitachi storage systems Combining robust reporting mirroring and features previously available in separate
offerings it manages in-system or distance replication for open systems environments Replication Manager simplifiesand optimizes configuration operations task management automation and monitoring of the critical applications and
storage components of your replication infrastructure
Hitachi Remote Replication Package
Hitachi Remote Replication Package software is used to replicate volumes between primary and secondary data cen-
ters It includes the following individual software components
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2328
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2428
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 23
Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous Remote Replication
Hitachi TrueCopy synchronous remote replication software duplicates data from one Hitachi storage system to
another across any distance It automates the recovery process and enables normal business operations to resume
in minutes rather than hours or days following an outage at the primary site TrueCopy software provides host-
independent data replication including heterogeneous replication capabilities for any type of data across any dis-
tance without affecting application performance Copies generated by Hitachi replication software products can be
used for the rapid recovery of production systems or the restart of production on disaster recovery systems following
an outage They can also be used for data warehousing data mining or data migration applications
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Hitachi Universal Replicator delivers the industryrsquos first multiplatform multivendor remote copy capability Supporting
asynchronous real-time replication of data from one Hitachi Unified Storage VM to another the software gives stor-
age administrators a consistent replication approach using a common set of procedures tools and skills for all data
center storage
Conventional replication solutions push updates from the primary storage system to a remote location Universal
Replicator running on HUS VM at the remote site pulls changes from journal volumes maintained by HUS VM running
Universal Replicator at the primary site This approach offloads replication overhead from the primary storage system
and dramatically reduces the impact of replication on the business application Transmitted record sets include a
sequence number enabling the replication engine to verify receipt of all records at the remote site and to sequence
writes in the correct order for storage replication
Resource Partition Manager (optional software package)
Hitachi Resource Partition Manager software enables administrative partitioning of Hitachi Unified Storage VM
resources (see Figure 15 ) It can be used with local authentication or it can be integrated into corporate directory
services and security systems using standard management interfaces such as Active Directory LDAP and RADIUS
Solving both security and audit or compliance issues Hitachi Resource Partition Manager enables management ofshared storage assets by different groups
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2428
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2428
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 24
Figure 15 Resource Groups That Allow Greater Administrator Granularity and Flexible Partitioning
File Module Software Bundles
Hitachi Base Operating System F provides multiprotocol file services dynamic provisioning intelligent file tiering file
virtualization and unified directory structure Intelligent file tiering helps organizations move data among storage and
archive tiers with automated policy-driven migration tools This integration of NAS with Hitachi Content Platform and
Hitachi Data Discovery Suite features combines NAS archive index and search technologies
Tiered file system (TFS) also known as ldquometadata optimizationrdquo separates file system metadata from user data
and automatically places metadata on the highest tier for improved performance and storage cost-efficiency
Complementary to the policy-based intelligent file tiering capability it migrates data between different file systems
Cluster namespace creates a unified directory structure across storage pools and servers Multiple file systems
appear under a single common root and both Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS) clients
obtain global access through any cluster node Virtual file system supports SMB and NFS protocols for flexibility and
power to handle very large files and millions of small files plus concurrent file system operations with no performance
impact Automatic file system expansion is also available
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2528
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 25
TABLE 6 HITACHI UNIFIED STORAGE VM FILE MODULE SOFTWARE BUNDLES
Bundle Hitachi Solution Options
Basic Operating System F (entry level) CIFS and NFS File system recover from snapshot
2x virtual server Cluster namespace
Storage pool Replication bundle
FS audit Data Migrator
File system rollback XVL (cross volume links)
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server migration
HA cluster iSCSI
Entry 90-day trial license Read caching
Virtual server security
WORM
Basic Operating System F (value level) CIFS and NFS Replication bundle
4x virtual server Data Migrator
Storage pool XVL (cross volume links)
FS audit Virtual server migration
File system rollback iSCSI
File system recover from snapshot Read caching
Quick snapshot restore Virtual server security
Cluster namespace WORM
HA cluster
Value 90-day trial license
Basic Operating System F (ultra level) CIFS and NFS Virtual server migration
64x virtual server iSCSI
Storage pool Read caching
FS audit Virtual server security
File system rollback WORM
File system recover from snapshot
Quick snapshot restore
Cluster namespace
Replication bundle
Hitachi Data Migrator
XVL (cross volume links)
HA cluster
Ultra 90-day trial license
Disaster Recovery
The disaster recovery capabilities of BlueArc JetMirror based on object replication bring data back online quickly and
efficiently through enhanced tools that automate system failover and failback A source file system can be included
in multiple replication schedules allowing for multitarget replication The snapshots and replication states for each
replication job are separately maintained This software also supports file replication which allows it to recover a more
granular subset of files compared to object replication which works only at the file system level
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2628
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 26
BlueArc JetClone software performs cloning at the file level Using this software multiple copies or clones of single
files are made by taking snapshots of that file and saving subsequent differences separately By referring back to the
original file for most of the data the software avoids making multiple copies of the common elements of the file Using
BlueArc JetClone entire development and production environments can be deployed in a matter of minutes with littleincremental storage cost
Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure Integrator specifically developed for VMware environments provides snapshot
management from within a vCenter console As an integrated plug-in to vSphere Hitachi NAS Virtual Infrastructure
Integrator allows vSphere administrators to work from their existing management interface to create snapshots for
backup or recovery of virtual machines and VMDK files Possible choices are instant on-demand snapshots taken
by the user policy-based snapshots or orphan snapshots from deleted file module storage systems and VMs
Policy-based retention allows the administrator to define the preservation timeframe by snapshot freeing up storage
capacity The administrator can define snapshot retention by the number of backups the number of days or a mix-
ture of both backups and days
Conclusion A Single Virtualized Platform for all DataHitachi Data Systems offers a unique approach to storage management a single virtualized platform for all data
(structured and unstructured) with single-pane-of-glass management for heterogeneous environments We are
focused on the evolving requirements of structured and unstructured data HDS is the only vendor that can provide
you with a single virtualized and scalable data management architecture for all open systems platforms as well as all
data and information types
Figure 16 Hitachi Storage Virtualization
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2728
ARCHITECTURE GUIDE 27
Hitachi Unified Storage VM enables a common set of management tools across all storage assets whether they are
the products of Hitachi Data Systems or our competitors Our common platform and management tools improve the
productivity of storage administrators and enable better cost management (power cooling resource sharing) They
support simplified data migration (block and file storage) and higher availability (IOPS and reliability) with less risk(data protection)
The technologies at the core of HUS VM have been developed over multiple generations and many years Our over-
riding goal has been to provide a highly scalable high-performance platform for storage services
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
7232019 HUS VM Architecture
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullhus-vm-architecture 2828
copy Hitachi Data Systems Corporation 2012 All rights reserved HITACHI is a trademark or registered trademark of Hitachi Ltd Innovate With Information ShadowImage TrueCopy
BlueArc and Hi Track are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hitachi Data Systems Corporation IBM and AIX are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Corporate Headquarters
2845 Lafayette Street
Santa Clara CA 96050-2639 USA
wwwHDScom
Regional Contact Information
Americas +1 408 970 1000 or infohdscom
Europe Middle East and Africa +44 (0) 1753 618000 or infoemeahdscom
Asia Pacific +852 3189 7900 or hdsmarketingapachdscom
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