hypox kickoff meeting bremen introduction to the hyper...

Introduction to the HYPER projectJacob Carstensen (Aarhus University)

....HYPOX kickoff meeting Bremen

HYPER: HYPoxia mitigation for Baltic Sea Ecosystem Restoration

Jacob Carstensen National Environmental Research Institute

Aarhus University

BONUS+ project

Partners in HYPER

• Aarhus University• Lund University• Stockholm University• Åbo Akademic Univ.• Univ. of Helsinki• Finnish Env. Inst.• Zoological Inst.• University of Gdansk• I O Warnemünde• Utrecht University

0 100 20050 Km

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Outline of HYPER presentation

• Hypoxia – a growing problem– focus on the Baltic Sea

• Research questions addressed• HYPER work plan

– monitoring cruises

Source: Diáz & Rosenberg (2008)

Hypoxia is a growing global problem

Source: Diáz & Rosenberg (2008)

Hypoxia is a growing global problem

Source: Diáz & Rosenberg (2008)

Hypoxia is a growing global problem

Below the surface – it’s a different world

Photo: Nanna Rask

Below the surface – it’s a different world

Photo: Nanna Rask

Below the surface – it’s a different world

Photo: Nanna Rask

Below the surface – it’s a different world

Photo: Nanna Rask

Hypoxia in the long-term perspective

Source: Zillén et al. (2008)

Hypoxia in the long-term perspective

Holocene Thermal Maximum

Holocene Thermal Maximum

Source: Zillén et al. (2008)

Hypoxia in the long-term perspective

Medieval Warm Period

Medieval Warm Period

Holocene Thermal Maximum

Holocene Thermal Maximum

Source: Zillén et al. (2008)

Laminated sediments within the last 100 years

Source: Hille et al. (2006)

The anthropogenic lamination

Source: Jonsson et al. (1990)

Trends of the anthropocene

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Oxy

gen

conc

. (m

g l-1

)

Gotland Deep (>100 m)

Source: ICES data

Trends of the anthropocene

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Oxy

gen

conc

. (m

g l-1

)

Gotland Deep (>100 m)

Source: ICES data

Source: Jørgensen & Richardson (1996)

Trends of the anthropocene

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Oxy

gen

conc

. (m

g l-1

)

Gotland Deep (>100 m)

Source: ICES data

Source: Jørgensen & Richardson (1996)

Major inflows

The physical forcing behind hypoxia

Source: www.smhi.se, after Mattäus & Franck (1992)

Inflows improve oxygen conditions in the deep holes

Inflow 1993

Source: B. Gustafsson

…. but overall hypoxia is worsened

Stagnation period

Source: Conley et al. (2002)

Inflow 1993

The situation in 2008

Source: www.smhi.se

Why bother about hypoxia?

Photo: Nanna Rask

Why bother about hypoxia?

Photo: Nanna Rask

Why bother about hypoxia?

Photo: Nanna Rask

Why bother about hypoxia?

Photo: Nanna Rask

Why bother about hypoxia?

Photo: Nanna Rask

Source: Vahtera et al. (2007)

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?

• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?

• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?

• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?

• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?

• Can we manage and mitigate hypoxia?

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?

• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?

• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?

• Can we manage and mitigate hypoxia?

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

HYPER work plan

Field sampling activities• Spatial monitoring cruise

– r/v Aranda 25 May- 17 June 2009

• Temporal monitoring cruises– r/v Gunnar Thorson

• Ships-of-opportunity

The spatial monitoring cruise

• 25 May – 17 June• Leg 1: Helsinki –

Rønne (11 scientists)• Leg 2: Rønne –

Rauma (10 scientists)• Leg 3: Rauma –

Helsinki (9 scientists)• Coordinated with

BalticGas (Leg 2 & 3)

The spatial monitoring cruise

• 25 May – 17 June• Leg 1: Helsinki –

Rønne (11 scientists)• Leg 2: Rønne –

Rauma (10 scientists)• Leg 3: Rauma –

Helsinki (9 scientists)• Coordinated with

BalticGas (Leg 2 & 3)