hypox kickoff meeting bremen introduction to the hyper...

Introduction to the HYPER projectJacob Carstensen (Aarhus University)

....HYPOX kickoff meeting Bremen

HYPER: HYPoxia mitigation for Baltic Sea Ecosystem Restoration

Jacob Carstensen National Environmental Research Institute

Aarhus University

BONUS+ project

Partners in HYPER

• Aarhus University• Lund University• Stockholm University• Åbo Akademic Univ.• Univ. of Helsinki• Finnish Env. Inst.• Zoological Inst.• University of Gdansk• I O Warnemünde• Utrecht University

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Outline of HYPER presentation

• Hypoxia – a growing problem– focus on the Baltic Sea

• Research questions addressed• HYPER work plan

– monitoring cruises

Source: Diáz & Rosenberg (2008)

Hypoxia is a growing global problem

Below the surface – it’s a different world

Photo: Nanna Rask

Hypoxia in the long-term perspective

Source: Zillén et al. (2008)


Holocene Thermal Maximum




Medieval Warm Period

Medieval Warm Period




Laminated sediments within the last 100 years

Source: Hille et al. (2006)

The anthropogenic lamination

Source: Jonsson et al. (1990)

Trends of the anthropocene

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1

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1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Oxy

gen

conc

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g l-1

)

Gotland Deep (>100 m)

Source: ICES data


-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Oxy

gen

conc

. (m

g l-1

)


Source: ICES data

Source: Jørgensen & Richardson (1996)


-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Oxy

gen

conc

. (m

g l-1

)


Source: ICES data

Source: Jørgensen & Richardson (1996)

Major inflows

The physical forcing behind hypoxia

Source: www.smhi.se, after Mattäus & Franck (1992)

http://www.smhi.se/

Inflows improve oxygen conditions in the deep holes

Inflow 1993

Source: B. Gustafsson

…. but overall hypoxia is worsened

Stagnation period

Source: Conley et al. (2002)

Inflow 1993

The situation in 2008

Source: www.smhi.se

Why bother about hypoxia?

Photo: Nanna Rask

Why bother about hypoxia?

Photo: Nanna Rask

Source: Vahtera et al. (2007)

HYPER research questions

• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?



• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?




• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?




• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?

• Can we manage and mitigate hypoxia?

HYPER work plan

Field sampling activities• Spatial monitoring cruise

– r/v Aranda 25 May- 17 June 2009

• Temporal monitoring cruises– r/v Gunnar Thorson

• Ships-of-opportunity

The spatial monitoring cruise

• 25 May – 17 June• Leg 1: Helsinki –

Rønne (11 scientists)• Leg 2: Rønne –

Rauma (10 scientists)• Leg 3: Rauma –

Helsinki (9 scientists)• Coordinated with

BalticGas (Leg 2 & 3)

hypox kickoff meeting bremen introduction to the hyper...

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