immunity copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. permission required for reproduction or...

Immunity

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Function:Function:

Destroy anything non-self (that has antigens)

Organs:– Red bone marrow – hemocytoblasts– Lymph nodes– Spleen

Organs, Tissues, and Cells of Organs, Tissues, and Cells of the Immune System the Immune System (cont.)(cont.)Tissues

– Tonsils– Appendix

Cells, chemicals◦Leukocytes (different types)◦Prostaglandins, interferon, histamine

Lymphatic system immunityLymphatic system immunity

Leukocytes – WBC’sLeukocytes – WBC’s

Lymphocytes: T-cells B-cells

Monocytes - - Macrophages

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Nonspecific DefensesNonspecific Defenses

◦Barriers to entry Inflammatory response

Barriers to EntryBarriers to Entry

◦The skin◦The mucous membranes

Lysozyme in sebum and tearsHCl in stomach acid Low pH in vagina

Skin – lysozyme, architectureSkin – lysozyme, architecture

The Inflammatory ResponseThe Inflammatory Response

◦redness◦heat◦Swelling◦Pain

– Mast cells (basophils) release histamine– Neutrophils – 1st, quick– Macrophages – slower, bigger

The Inflammatory Response The Inflammatory Response (cont.)(cont.)

The Inflammatory Response The Inflammatory Response (cont.)(cont.)

agglutination

Specific ImmunitySpecific Immunity

They can provide a “memory” of the infection.

Includes the lymphocytes◦T-cells◦B-cells

T Cells are firstT Cells are first

T-cell receptor sitesAntigenActivation(Cytotoxic) Killer T-cellsHelper T-cells Memory cells

B Cells and the Antibody B Cells and the Antibody ResponseResponse

Antigen receptor sitesHelper T-cellcytokinesactivationPlasma cellsantibodiesMemory B-cells

The Function of AntibodiesThe Function of Antibodiesmark pathogen for destruction Agglutination – MacrophageDisable toxins

ImmunityImmunity

Passive, natural = antibodies in breast milk

Passive, artificial = serum injection

Active, natural = memory cells/diseaseActive, artificial – memory cells/vaccine

AllergiesAllergies

Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmune Diseases

• Autoimmune diseases◦ Multiple sclerosis◦ Systemic lupus◦ Rheumatoid arthritis