india- fertile river valley
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IndiaBy: Presley Davis, Alyssa
Stewart, Jaylin Gibson, and Nicholas Arnold!
The Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of
the Indian subcontinent from c. 3300 to 1300 BCE,
was the first major civilization in India. The
Indus Valley is one of the world's earliest urban civilizations along with
Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The Indus Civilization may have had a population
of over five million. The inhabitants developed new
techniques in producing tools with copper, bronze,
lead, and tin.
THE BEGINNING
ARTS
The ancient Indian civilization had very talented craftsmen. They were skilled in pottery, weaving, and metal working.
Several small figures of animals, such as monkeys, have been
found. These small figures could be objects of art or toys. There are also small statues of what they think are female gods. Bowls made of bronze and silver, and many beads and
ornaments have been found as well. The metals used to make these things are not found in
the Indus Valley. So, either the people who lived in this ancient civilization had to import all of these items from some other
place, such as Thailand.
FOOD IN INDIA!
Dinner would have included warm tasty wheat bread served with barley or rice. The ancient Indians were very good farmers. They grew crops
such as: barley, peas, melons, wheat, cotton, and dates. They kept herds of sheep, pigs, zebus, and water buffalo. The Indians fished and some hunted. The land was rich for growing sugar canes so they ate many sweets. They made many stews, soups, rice dishes, and flat breads.
CUSTOMS
Family was the center of life.
They held family with the utmost importance. The Ancient Indians
took place in many sacrifices, burial, wedding,
and religious rituals. These customs have
passed down are still active today.
Nobody knows exactly what the government of
the Harappan period was like; they probably had a king over each
city and possibly some queens. By about 1500 BC, all of the people in
India are divided up into castes. Only men from the highest caste could be rulers in the government. Women were not allowed to rule. Most of India
continued to be divided into small kingdoms, each with their own
king.
GOVERNMENT
The two main cities of this civilization were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. They flourished from about 3,000 B.C. to 1,500 B.C. These cities were considered advanced because most of their structures are like that of today. The cities had broad main streets and smaller streets off to the sides They used walls to separate neighborhoods and all of the houses were different but had the same general layout. The buildings were usually square shaped and made of oven-baked bricks.
CITIES
RELIGION
India has been an important part of three major world
religions -Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. Buddhism began in India and
spread to other places in Asia. Islam came into India from West Asia. The origins of
Hinduism are unclear, but are related to the
arrival of the Indo-European
Aryans from West Asia. Not much is known about the earliest Indian
religion, but that it was polytheistic.
DRESS
People in Ancient India wore mostly cotton or silk clothing. India was the first place where cotton was grown, even as early as 2500 B.C. By the Aryan period, the Indian women wore one very long piece of cloth called a sari, that they
wrapped around themselves in different ways. Men also wore one long piece of
cloth called the dhoti, which was generally white. They accessorized the dhoti with a head wrap called a turban. The Indians are known for their elaborate jewels.
GAMES
India was the first civilization to get the idea of carving the
knucklebones of cattle and sheep and turning them into marked dice. They would throw these dice to predict the future
and upcoming events. The Indians invented a game named “Snakes
and Ladders” which we now know as “Chutes and Ladders.” They
invented many board games like chess, and card games as well.
Ancient India is claimed to be the origin of Judo and Karate. It was very
popular, even among the women and children.
--LITERATURE--
The writing of this civilization has
puzzled scholars for nearly seventy years because of
its briefness and it being unknown to
all people. The writing style is
very unique and scribes were
highly regarded.
INTERESTING FACTSIn India's 100,000 years of history, it has never
invaded any other country.India is the largest democratic country in the world.The value of pi was first calculated by an Indian
mathematician- Budhayana.Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus originated in
India. Varanasi, also known as Benaras, also called "the
Ancient City" (when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C.), is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion. There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world.
SPORTS
Excavations of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa reveal that the people participated in many
physical activities and also played a variety of games using marbles, balls, and dice. Hunting, swimming, dancing, boating, craft making, and martial arts were some very popular activities
in India in ancient times.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
India is the birthplace of several sciences. Several Mathematical concepts including zero, decimal system,
square root, and algebra, Stared here in India. Discoveries about the body, the womb, and childbirth were made. Some of the first surgeries took place during this time.
www.crystalinks.com/indiascience.html
www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/
www.ancientindia.co.uk/
www.ancienthistory.mrdonn.org/Indialife.html
WORKS CITED
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