ing° agr° msc doctor en ciencias oswaldo luque m director ... eng_opti.pdfwetland in la...

Ing°Agr°MScDoctorenCienciasOswaldoLuqueMDirectordeDesarrolloVetiver,Fundación

MovimientoporlaCalidaddelAgua.

5demarzo2021

INTRODUCTION:InafirstinstallmentoftheFOUNDATIONMOVEMENTFORWATERQUALITYtotheNationalAcademyofEngineeringandHabitat,InfrastructureCommissioninSeptember2020theproposal"TRANSFERCHANNELSANDSANITATION"waspresented,nowwedoattherequestoftheANIH,asecondpresentationdelvingintotheVetiverSystemIssue,fortheEnvironmentalandSanitarySanitationoftheLakeBasins,ValenciaandPaoriver.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThispresentationisbasedonacompilationofbibliographicinformationfromtheVetiverInternationalNetwork(TVNI);inthemanypublicationsmadebyDr.PaulTruongandothers;Inthedocumententitled:"ThetechnologyoftheVetiverSystemasaStatePolicyfortheReconstructionandProtectionoftheInfrastructureofVenezuela,byRafaelLuque";TheworkoftheMovementforWaterQualityFoundation;and,myexperiencesformorethan20yearsworkingwithapplicationsoftheVetiversysteminVenezuela,

THEPROBLEM

BREVEHISTORIA

:

ThelateKingofThailand,throughtheChaipatanaFoundation,haspromoted6InternationalConferences,wherescientists,usersandpractitionersshareknowledgeabouttheADVANCESOFVETIVERGRASSTECHNOLOGY--3inLatinAmerica:alsopromotedbytheVETIVERLATINAMERICANNETWORKandlocalinstitutions.

MASSIVEANDDEEPROOTS

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VETIVER THAT MAKE IT DESIRABLE TO BE USED FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PURPOSES

TOLERANTTOEXTREMEWEATHERCONDITIONS.1.Itsupportsextremedroughts,(xerophilous),floods,itisconsideredahydrophilicplant,duetoitscellularconstitutionthat

encapsulatesair.Itcanalsothriveinhydroponicconditions(floatingonwater)

Figure 2. A. Detail of the internal tissues of the leaf: A. aeriferous chamber (ca), hyaline parenchymal cells of the mesophyll (cphm), buliform cells (cb), vascular bundle of the first order (hvp) vascular bundle of the third order (hvt). B. Detail of the tissues located in the midrib. buliform cells (cb), hyaline parenchymal cells (cph), first-order vascular bundle (hvp), sclerenchymal cells (ec), second-order vascular bundle (hvs), third-order vascular bundle (hvt).

ca

hvt

hvp

cphm

A cb

hvp

hvt

hvs

B

ce

Fuente: Diamont D. INIA-CENIAP-Protección Vegetal-2007

AIR CHAMBER

NITRATES(100mg/L)PHOSPHATES(10mg/LAlgascianoficias

NITRATES(6mg/L)%reduction94%PHOSPHATES(1mg/L)%dereduction90%Algascianofíceascompletelyeliminated

4days

PROBLEMS VETIVERGRASSTECHNOLOGYCANMITIGATE

SOILEROSIONReducessoillosses70-80%SLOPE/EROSIONSTABILITYIncreasessoilshearstressby+40%SOILHEALTHRemovesandfiltersexcessN,PandQuimsagentsSOILFERTILITYIncreasescropyields10-50%>SOMSOILMOISTURE/DROUGHTImprovessoilmoisture>40%RUNOFF/FLOODREDUCTIONReducesrunoff30-70%,heavyrains

VetiverhasahightranspirationrateFiretolerantBetterbiomassyieldthanotherspeciesMinimalcompetitionformoistureandnutrientsStrongsymbioticassociationwithmicroorganismsintherhizosphereHighresistancetopestsPestcontrolHighlongevity,withpropermaintenance,Itcanliveupto100years.Itissterileandnon-invasive,thereforeitdoesnotbecomeweedy

Elvetiver,resultadosobtenidosAtravésdeInvestigacionesyDesarrolloenlosúltimos20añosporlaRedMundialdeVetiveryOtros

-Tolerantealfuego-  -Toleranteacondicionesadversasdelsuelo-  -Toleranciaaampliorangodemetalespesados-  -Toleranteaagroquímicos,contaminantesorgánicosyantibióticos-  Atrazinas-  Antibióticos-  Fenol-  2,4,6.Trinitrotolueno(TNT)-  Compuestosaromáticos-  Petróleocrudo-  Dioxinas-  Toleranteacenizasvolátilessuspendidas-  Toleranciaaaltosnivelesdenutrientesenaguasyenlossuelos-  -AltorégimenderemocióndenutrientesenaguasysuelosNitrógenoyFósforoAluminioBoroFlúor

PHYTOREMEDIATIONINTHESOIL

LLUVIA

TRANSPIRACIÓNEvaporación

Riegoporgoteo

AspersiónogravedadEscorrentía

PHYTOREMEDIATIONistheuseofplantstoeliminatepollutantsfromtheenvironment,orMINIMIZETHEMANDbringthemtoacceptablethresholds

PHYTOREMEDIATIONPROCESSESPHYTOEXTRACTION(TRANSLOCATION)PHYTOSTABILIZATIONRIZOFILTRATIONPHYTODEGRADATIONRIZODEGRADATIONPHYTOVOLATILIZATIONBIODEGRADATION

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TETRACYCLINE

University of Michigan Technical News. Vetiver grass removes 2 antibiotics from contaminated water. April 2010 email mtunews@mtu.edu, Sthepani Smith 906-487-2343

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OILPOLLUTEDSOILS

VETIVERBIOFILTRATION

SYSTEM

PHYTOREMEDIATON

FLOATINGPLATFORMS

HumedalesWETLANDS

PolishinglagoonofaWWTP

VETIVERPHYTOREMEDIATION

Industrialwastewater

Non-hazardousorganicwaste

Garbagedumpsandlandfills

HYDROPONICS

Contaminatedrivers

TransferchannelsRESERVOIRS

Wellsandsmallsystemsforhouses

ApplicationsofVetiverPhytoremediation

•  Smallscale•  Mediumscale•  Onaregionalscale

WETLANDSDEFINITION:Awetlandisanareaofland,generallyflat,COVEREDBYPLANTS,whosesurfaceispermanentlyorintermittentlyflooded.

INDUSTRIALWASTEWATERTREATMENTWITHVETIVERonalargescale

1.  CASEOFGELITAAUSTRALIADAILYEFFLUENTOF1,300,000LITERS(1.3ML)TWO-YEARRESEARCHDEMONSTRATEDTHATTHEYCANUSEAVETIVERWETLANDTOTREATEFFLUENTSWITHHIGHCONTENTOFNITROGEN,PHOSPHORUS,SALTS.(600mS/cm)ANDORGANICMATTER,THERESULTSOFTHEINVESTIGATIONSLEADTOUSING22.5hectarestoeliminate48,000,000LITERSOFEFFLUENTPERMONTH.

GelitaCase:GelatinPlantAustralia

VETIVER WETLAND. AN AREA PLANTED WITH VETIVER, THROUGH WHICH POLLUTED WATER IS PASSED TO BE TREATED AND PRODUCE ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN WATER.

CASEN°4.ILLEGALPHENOLLANDFILL,CHACHOENGSAOPROVINCE-THAILAND.

Illegalindustrialwastedumps(Phenols)discoveredintheprovinceofCHACHOENGSAO,Apondwascontaminatedwithhighcontentsofphenols(500mg/L),othersubstanceswerealsodiscoveredsuchaspetroleumhydrocarbons,formaldehyde,andmetalssuchasArsenic,chromium,copper,lead,andnickel.Thepond'soverflowcontaminatedaTadNoistreamaswellasotherwatersources.

ILLEGALPHENOLLANDFILL,CHACHOENGSAOPROVINCE-THAILAND.

TranslationresultsVetiverplantingwasappliedonalargescale,sowing120,000cuttingsina1.2kmextensionalongthestream.Andalarge-scaletreatmentina768cubicmeterpond,using45floatingplatforms

RESULTSAREVERYPROMISINGINTERMSOFFINALTREATMENTOFPENOLSANDPETROLEUMHYDROCARBONSANDREMOVALOFCOD.

•  Prueba demostrativa para determinar el tiempo de tratamiento requerido parareteneralosefluentespararetenerunefluenteenuncampodevetiver(Tiempoderetenciónhidráulica (TRH)para reducirnitratosy fosfatosanivelesaceptables.Elexperimento se inició cuando las plantas tenían 3 meses de edad. Se tomaronmuestrascada24horasdurante3días.

Wastewaterinaseafoodprocessingfactory.MekongRiverDelta-Vietnam

RESULTS:INITIALCONTENTN4.79mg/Ldecreasedby88%andby91%after48and72hoursTOTALP(0.72mg/L)decreasedby80%and82%after48and72hoursrespectively

VetiverwetlandinSingaporetransformedintoatouristattraction.

VetiverwetlandinSingapore(40ha)

VetivercanalsinSingaporetotreatpollutedwater.(LorongHaulusWetland)

COLIESCHERICHIACONTROL

DIOXINDEGRADATION

Agentorange:2,4,5T+2,4-D.76MILLIONLITERS--1.82MILLIONHa

LARGESCALEWASTEWATERTREATMENT.LOCATION:PTARBOONAHNEARBRISBANE-AUSTRALIAABOVE:WWTPMEDIUM:VETIVERWETLANDAT12MONTHSBELOW:VETIVERWETLANDAT18MONTHSSURFACE4HECTARES15MONTHSAFTERSOWINGTHEVETIVERHADABSORBEDANDTREATED500,000TO600,000LITERS/DAY.

REFERENCE:Truong,P.andLuuTahiD.(2015).TheVetiverSystemtoimprovewaterqualityhttps://www.vetiver.org/Water%20quality%20Spanish%20web%202.pdf

Polishinglagoon3.7hectares

WETLANDOFVETIVER4ha

BOONAH

WETLANDINWATTBRIDGE-AUSTRALIA

TREATMENTONAREGIONALSCALECASE:CITARUMRIVER"THEMOSTPOLLUTEDINASIA"”

WATERTREATMENTONAREGIONALSCALECASE:CITARUMRIVER"THEMOSTPOLLUTEDINASIA”

WATERTREATMENTONAREGIONALSCALECASE:CITARUMRIVER"THEMOSTPOLLUTEDINASIA"

Strategy:Plantvetiverandirrigateitwithpollutedriverwater.(Photos1and2),Photos3and4plantingavetiverwetlandtoirrigateitwithcontaminatedwaterfromthecommunallatrine.

Photos5and6Vetiversownafter6months.

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CITARUMRIVERININDONESIA

WETLANDSINGARBAGELANDFILLSANDSANITARYLANDFILLS

VETIVERINGARBAGELANDFILLANDSANITARYLANDFILL

AdvantagesofVetiverPhytoremediationoflandfillleachates.Useleachateasanotherresourcethanadisposalasapollutant.Therearethreesystemsfortreatingleachatefromlandfillswithvetiver:St.Louis,ChicagoandBiloxi.ApositivepublicacceptanceReduceyourcarbonfootprintAnareafortreatmentSustainableAndeconomicallyfeasible

FLOATINGPLATFORMS

TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF FLOATING PLATFORMS

•  FLOATINGPLATFORMS•  MethodologydevelopedbytheVeticon-AustraliaCompany,totreatpollutedwatersofvariousorigins.

SWIMMINGPOOLINAPRIVATEPROPERTYINBrisbane,AFTER3MONTHSPLANTEDTHEVETIVER

AUSTRALIA

EXPERIENCESWITHPHYTOREMEDIATION

INVENEZUELA

VETIVERPROJECTEXPERIENCESOFTHEEMPRESASPOLAR

FOUNDATONINTHEDEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL,SOCIAL,ECONOMICINRURAL

COMMUNITIES

PROYECTOVETIVERFUNDACIÓNPOLAR(2001-2006)CUENCAALTADELRIOGUARICO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1OKSXYMatM&t=18s

DESARROLLOSOCIAL,ECONOMICOYAMBIENTAL1.ARTESANIA2.SIEMBRADEVETIVER3.MERCADEO.

ASESORES:Dr.PhDERNESTOANDREUDr.PhDOSCARRODRIGUEZPARISCA

EXPERIMENT IN WWTP PLANT POLAR SAN JOAQUIN VENEZUELA

2006 Responsible parties: Dr. Oswaldo Luque and Chemical Engineer Dinorah Morao.

% reduction of phosphorus 70% L 2.5 mg / l % nitrogen reduction 75% 5 mg / l % BOD reduction 60%

TERTIARY EFFLUENT TREATMENT OF WATER FROM PEPSI-COLA VENEZUELA TREATMENT PLANT. TOCORON EDO. ARAGUA .

% reduction in phosphorus 69% 1.7 mg / l % nitrogen reduction 80% 7 mg / l % reduction of BOD 65% % reduction of suspended solids 70%

15 meters

One year later

Wetland in La Mulita-Edo. Barinas Venezuela Vetiver Project Pavimentadora Life, Ministry of

the Environment. 2007.

% Nitrogen Reduction 95% 2.5 mg / l % Reduction of Phosphorus 83% 1.03 mg / L 0 presence of fecal coliforms

PTARCERVECERIAPOLARSANJOAQUIN

VETIVERSYSTEMBIOFILTER(BSV)

Saturatedhydraulicconductivityofthesoil,duetothepresenceofthecompactedhorizonbythecontinuouspassageoftheharrow.

Harrowlayer20cmdeep

CHorizon

COMPOSTLAYER0-20cm

PiezometerStation

BIO-FILTROPOMAR2000topresent

BIO-FILTERATTHEPEPSICOLATOCORONPLANT.PHYTOREMEDIATIONOF2,000,000LITERSOFUNSUITABLEPRODUCTS.

PiezometerStation

VetiverwetlandinAlimentosPolarCHivacoa

BasinsoftheLakeofValenciaandthePaoriverthatsupplieswaterofverypoorsanitaryqualitytoapopulationofapproximately4,000,000inhabitants.Iwouldapplythevetiversystem

LaGuasimagarbagedump(WetlandsandBarriers)

SanVicenteMaracayGarbageDump.EdoAragua

AVETIVERWETLANDonabout80hectaresofsurface.ElPaitoDesparramadero

Vetiverwetlandsand/orlagoonswithfloatingplatformsinexploitationofpigsthatdischargetheircontaminatedwaterstothebasins.

FloatingplatformsinthePao-CachincheandPaoLaBalsareservoirswhichhavehighcontentsofpollutantsandcyanofficesalgae

Sepropone:UNINSTITUTODEVETIVER:funciones:1.  SanitationofallcontaminatedwatercoursespresentinthesouthofValencia,tributaries

tothePaitoRiver,themainsourceofwatertoPaoCachincheandPaoLaBalsa,includingthetwopipesthatsurroundtheLaGuásimagarbagedumpinCarabobo,andplatformsfloatsforthecaseoftheSanVicentelandfillpartiallyfloodedbythewatersofLakeValencia.

2.  Communitydevelopment,toproducevetiverplants.3.  Vetiverhandi-craftprogram,toproduceeconomicincometothecommunities.4.  Educatingthecommunitiesonenvironmentalissuesandpreparingthemtofacevetiver

phytoremediationinthedifferentareas5.  Environmentaleducationprogramforthecommunities.80hawetlandofrootedvetiver

cuttings6.  Landscapeandrecreationplanforwetlands7.  Promotionoftheuseofvetiverinsmallpigand/oragriculturalfarms8.  PromotionattheinternationalleveltoattractresourcesMOTTO:CULTURAL,ECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENToftheinhabitantsoftheValenciaLakeBasinsandPaoRiverbasedontheirSANITATIONIntunewiththeUnitedNationsprogram:SANITATIONANDDEVELOPMENT.

MOTTO:CULTURAL,ECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENToftheinhabitantsoftheValenciaLakeBasinsandPaoRiverbasedontheirSANITATION

Dr.OswaldoLuqueM.Emailoluque1@gmail.comTeléfono+584243181220