ing° agr° msc doctor en ciencias oswaldo luque m director ... eng_opti.pdfwetland in la...
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Ing°Agr°MScDoctorenCienciasOswaldoLuqueMDirectordeDesarrolloVetiver,Fundación
MovimientoporlaCalidaddelAgua.
5demarzo2021
INTRODUCTION:InafirstinstallmentoftheFOUNDATIONMOVEMENTFORWATERQUALITYtotheNationalAcademyofEngineeringandHabitat,InfrastructureCommissioninSeptember2020theproposal"TRANSFERCHANNELSANDSANITATION"waspresented,nowwedoattherequestoftheANIH,asecondpresentationdelvingintotheVetiverSystemIssue,fortheEnvironmentalandSanitarySanitationoftheLakeBasins,ValenciaandPaoriver.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThispresentationisbasedonacompilationofbibliographicinformationfromtheVetiverInternationalNetwork(TVNI);inthemanypublicationsmadebyDr.PaulTruongandothers;Inthedocumententitled:"ThetechnologyoftheVetiverSystemasaStatePolicyfortheReconstructionandProtectionoftheInfrastructureofVenezuela,byRafaelLuque";TheworkoftheMovementforWaterQualityFoundation;and,myexperiencesformorethan20yearsworkingwithapplicationsoftheVetiversysteminVenezuela,
THEPROBLEM
BREVEHISTORIA
:
ThelateKingofThailand,throughtheChaipatanaFoundation,haspromoted6InternationalConferences,wherescientists,usersandpractitionersshareknowledgeabouttheADVANCESOFVETIVERGRASSTECHNOLOGY--3inLatinAmerica:alsopromotedbytheVETIVERLATINAMERICANNETWORKandlocalinstitutions.
MASSIVEANDDEEPROOTS
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VETIVER THAT MAKE IT DESIRABLE TO BE USED FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PURPOSES
TOLERANTTOEXTREMEWEATHERCONDITIONS.1.Itsupportsextremedroughts,(xerophilous),floods,itisconsideredahydrophilicplant,duetoitscellularconstitutionthat
encapsulatesair.Itcanalsothriveinhydroponicconditions(floatingonwater)
Figure 2. A. Detail of the internal tissues of the leaf: A. aeriferous chamber (ca), hyaline parenchymal cells of the mesophyll (cphm), buliform cells (cb), vascular bundle of the first order (hvp) vascular bundle of the third order (hvt). B. Detail of the tissues located in the midrib. buliform cells (cb), hyaline parenchymal cells (cph), first-order vascular bundle (hvp), sclerenchymal cells (ec), second-order vascular bundle (hvs), third-order vascular bundle (hvt).
ca
hvt
hvp
cphm
A cb
hvp
hvt
hvs
B
ce
Fuente: Diamont D. INIA-CENIAP-Protección Vegetal-2007
AIR CHAMBER
NITRATES(100mg/L)PHOSPHATES(10mg/LAlgascianoficias
NITRATES(6mg/L)%reduction94%PHOSPHATES(1mg/L)%dereduction90%Algascianofíceascompletelyeliminated
4days
PROBLEMS VETIVERGRASSTECHNOLOGYCANMITIGATE
SOILEROSIONReducessoillosses70-80%SLOPE/EROSIONSTABILITYIncreasessoilshearstressby+40%SOILHEALTHRemovesandfiltersexcessN,PandQuimsagentsSOILFERTILITYIncreasescropyields10-50%>SOMSOILMOISTURE/DROUGHTImprovessoilmoisture>40%RUNOFF/FLOODREDUCTIONReducesrunoff30-70%,heavyrains
VetiverhasahightranspirationrateFiretolerantBetterbiomassyieldthanotherspeciesMinimalcompetitionformoistureandnutrientsStrongsymbioticassociationwithmicroorganismsintherhizosphereHighresistancetopestsPestcontrolHighlongevity,withpropermaintenance,Itcanliveupto100years.Itissterileandnon-invasive,thereforeitdoesnotbecomeweedy
Elvetiver,resultadosobtenidosAtravésdeInvestigacionesyDesarrolloenlosúltimos20añosporlaRedMundialdeVetiveryOtros
-Tolerantealfuego- -Toleranteacondicionesadversasdelsuelo- -Toleranciaaampliorangodemetalespesados- -Toleranteaagroquímicos,contaminantesorgánicosyantibióticos- Atrazinas- Antibióticos- Fenol- 2,4,6.Trinitrotolueno(TNT)- Compuestosaromáticos- Petróleocrudo- Dioxinas- Toleranteacenizasvolátilessuspendidas- Toleranciaaaltosnivelesdenutrientesenaguasyenlossuelos- -AltorégimenderemocióndenutrientesenaguasysuelosNitrógenoyFósforoAluminioBoroFlúor
PHYTOREMEDIATIONINTHESOIL
LLUVIA
TRANSPIRACIÓNEvaporación
Riegoporgoteo
AspersiónogravedadEscorrentía
PHYTOREMEDIATIONistheuseofplantstoeliminatepollutantsfromtheenvironment,orMINIMIZETHEMANDbringthemtoacceptablethresholds
PHYTOREMEDIATIONPROCESSESPHYTOEXTRACTION(TRANSLOCATION)PHYTOSTABILIZATIONRIZOFILTRATIONPHYTODEGRADATIONRIZODEGRADATIONPHYTOVOLATILIZATIONBIODEGRADATION
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TETRACYCLINE
University of Michigan Technical News. Vetiver grass removes 2 antibiotics from contaminated water. April 2010 email [email protected], Sthepani Smith 906-487-2343
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OILPOLLUTEDSOILS
VETIVERBIOFILTRATION
SYSTEM
PHYTOREMEDIATON
FLOATINGPLATFORMS
HumedalesWETLANDS
PolishinglagoonofaWWTP
VETIVERPHYTOREMEDIATION
Industrialwastewater
Non-hazardousorganicwaste
Garbagedumpsandlandfills
HYDROPONICS
Contaminatedrivers
TransferchannelsRESERVOIRS
Wellsandsmallsystemsforhouses
ApplicationsofVetiverPhytoremediation
• Smallscale• Mediumscale• Onaregionalscale
WETLANDSDEFINITION:Awetlandisanareaofland,generallyflat,COVEREDBYPLANTS,whosesurfaceispermanentlyorintermittentlyflooded.
INDUSTRIALWASTEWATERTREATMENTWITHVETIVERonalargescale
1. CASEOFGELITAAUSTRALIADAILYEFFLUENTOF1,300,000LITERS(1.3ML)TWO-YEARRESEARCHDEMONSTRATEDTHATTHEYCANUSEAVETIVERWETLANDTOTREATEFFLUENTSWITHHIGHCONTENTOFNITROGEN,PHOSPHORUS,SALTS.(600mS/cm)ANDORGANICMATTER,THERESULTSOFTHEINVESTIGATIONSLEADTOUSING22.5hectarestoeliminate48,000,000LITERSOFEFFLUENTPERMONTH.
GelitaCase:GelatinPlantAustralia
VETIVER WETLAND. AN AREA PLANTED WITH VETIVER, THROUGH WHICH POLLUTED WATER IS PASSED TO BE TREATED AND PRODUCE ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN WATER.
CASEN°4.ILLEGALPHENOLLANDFILL,CHACHOENGSAOPROVINCE-THAILAND.
Illegalindustrialwastedumps(Phenols)discoveredintheprovinceofCHACHOENGSAO,Apondwascontaminatedwithhighcontentsofphenols(500mg/L),othersubstanceswerealsodiscoveredsuchaspetroleumhydrocarbons,formaldehyde,andmetalssuchasArsenic,chromium,copper,lead,andnickel.Thepond'soverflowcontaminatedaTadNoistreamaswellasotherwatersources.
ILLEGALPHENOLLANDFILL,CHACHOENGSAOPROVINCE-THAILAND.
TranslationresultsVetiverplantingwasappliedonalargescale,sowing120,000cuttingsina1.2kmextensionalongthestream.Andalarge-scaletreatmentina768cubicmeterpond,using45floatingplatforms
RESULTSAREVERYPROMISINGINTERMSOFFINALTREATMENTOFPENOLSANDPETROLEUMHYDROCARBONSANDREMOVALOFCOD.
• Prueba demostrativa para determinar el tiempo de tratamiento requerido parareteneralosefluentespararetenerunefluenteenuncampodevetiver(Tiempoderetenciónhidráulica (TRH)para reducirnitratosy fosfatosanivelesaceptables.Elexperimento se inició cuando las plantas tenían 3 meses de edad. Se tomaronmuestrascada24horasdurante3días.
Wastewaterinaseafoodprocessingfactory.MekongRiverDelta-Vietnam
RESULTS:INITIALCONTENTN4.79mg/Ldecreasedby88%andby91%after48and72hoursTOTALP(0.72mg/L)decreasedby80%and82%after48and72hoursrespectively
VetiverwetlandinSingaporetransformedintoatouristattraction.
VetiverwetlandinSingapore(40ha)
VetivercanalsinSingaporetotreatpollutedwater.(LorongHaulusWetland)
COLIESCHERICHIACONTROL
DIOXINDEGRADATION
Agentorange:2,4,5T+2,4-D.76MILLIONLITERS--1.82MILLIONHa
LARGESCALEWASTEWATERTREATMENT.LOCATION:PTARBOONAHNEARBRISBANE-AUSTRALIAABOVE:WWTPMEDIUM:VETIVERWETLANDAT12MONTHSBELOW:VETIVERWETLANDAT18MONTHSSURFACE4HECTARES15MONTHSAFTERSOWINGTHEVETIVERHADABSORBEDANDTREATED500,000TO600,000LITERS/DAY.
REFERENCE:Truong,P.andLuuTahiD.(2015).TheVetiverSystemtoimprovewaterqualityhttps://www.vetiver.org/Water%20quality%20Spanish%20web%202.pdf
Polishinglagoon3.7hectares
WETLANDOFVETIVER4ha
BOONAH
WETLANDINWATTBRIDGE-AUSTRALIA
TREATMENTONAREGIONALSCALECASE:CITARUMRIVER"THEMOSTPOLLUTEDINASIA"”
WATERTREATMENTONAREGIONALSCALECASE:CITARUMRIVER"THEMOSTPOLLUTEDINASIA”
WATERTREATMENTONAREGIONALSCALECASE:CITARUMRIVER"THEMOSTPOLLUTEDINASIA"
Strategy:Plantvetiverandirrigateitwithpollutedriverwater.(Photos1and2),Photos3and4plantingavetiverwetlandtoirrigateitwithcontaminatedwaterfromthecommunallatrine.
Photos5and6Vetiversownafter6months.
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CITARUMRIVERININDONESIA
WETLANDSINGARBAGELANDFILLSANDSANITARYLANDFILLS
VETIVERINGARBAGELANDFILLANDSANITARYLANDFILL
AdvantagesofVetiverPhytoremediationoflandfillleachates.Useleachateasanotherresourcethanadisposalasapollutant.Therearethreesystemsfortreatingleachatefromlandfillswithvetiver:St.Louis,ChicagoandBiloxi.ApositivepublicacceptanceReduceyourcarbonfootprintAnareafortreatmentSustainableAndeconomicallyfeasible
FLOATINGPLATFORMS
TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF FLOATING PLATFORMS
• FLOATINGPLATFORMS• MethodologydevelopedbytheVeticon-AustraliaCompany,totreatpollutedwatersofvariousorigins.
SWIMMINGPOOLINAPRIVATEPROPERTYINBrisbane,AFTER3MONTHSPLANTEDTHEVETIVER
AUSTRALIA
EXPERIENCESWITHPHYTOREMEDIATION
INVENEZUELA
VETIVERPROJECTEXPERIENCESOFTHEEMPRESASPOLAR
FOUNDATONINTHEDEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL,SOCIAL,ECONOMICINRURAL
COMMUNITIES
PROYECTOVETIVERFUNDACIÓNPOLAR(2001-2006)CUENCAALTADELRIOGUARICO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1OKSXYMatM&t=18s
DESARROLLOSOCIAL,ECONOMICOYAMBIENTAL1.ARTESANIA2.SIEMBRADEVETIVER3.MERCADEO.
ASESORES:Dr.PhDERNESTOANDREUDr.PhDOSCARRODRIGUEZPARISCA
EXPERIMENT IN WWTP PLANT POLAR SAN JOAQUIN VENEZUELA
2006 Responsible parties: Dr. Oswaldo Luque and Chemical Engineer Dinorah Morao.
% reduction of phosphorus 70% L 2.5 mg / l % nitrogen reduction 75% 5 mg / l % BOD reduction 60%
TERTIARY EFFLUENT TREATMENT OF WATER FROM PEPSI-COLA VENEZUELA TREATMENT PLANT. TOCORON EDO. ARAGUA .
% reduction in phosphorus 69% 1.7 mg / l % nitrogen reduction 80% 7 mg / l % reduction of BOD 65% % reduction of suspended solids 70%
15 meters
One year later
Wetland in La Mulita-Edo. Barinas Venezuela Vetiver Project Pavimentadora Life, Ministry of
the Environment. 2007.
% Nitrogen Reduction 95% 2.5 mg / l % Reduction of Phosphorus 83% 1.03 mg / L 0 presence of fecal coliforms
PTARCERVECERIAPOLARSANJOAQUIN
VETIVERSYSTEMBIOFILTER(BSV)
Saturatedhydraulicconductivityofthesoil,duetothepresenceofthecompactedhorizonbythecontinuouspassageoftheharrow.
Harrowlayer20cmdeep
CHorizon
COMPOSTLAYER0-20cm
PiezometerStation
BIO-FILTROPOMAR2000topresent
BIO-FILTERATTHEPEPSICOLATOCORONPLANT.PHYTOREMEDIATIONOF2,000,000LITERSOFUNSUITABLEPRODUCTS.
PiezometerStation
VetiverwetlandinAlimentosPolarCHivacoa
BasinsoftheLakeofValenciaandthePaoriverthatsupplieswaterofverypoorsanitaryqualitytoapopulationofapproximately4,000,000inhabitants.Iwouldapplythevetiversystem
LaGuasimagarbagedump(WetlandsandBarriers)
SanVicenteMaracayGarbageDump.EdoAragua
AVETIVERWETLANDonabout80hectaresofsurface.ElPaitoDesparramadero
Vetiverwetlandsand/orlagoonswithfloatingplatformsinexploitationofpigsthatdischargetheircontaminatedwaterstothebasins.
FloatingplatformsinthePao-CachincheandPaoLaBalsareservoirswhichhavehighcontentsofpollutantsandcyanofficesalgae
Sepropone:UNINSTITUTODEVETIVER:funciones:1. SanitationofallcontaminatedwatercoursespresentinthesouthofValencia,tributaries
tothePaitoRiver,themainsourceofwatertoPaoCachincheandPaoLaBalsa,includingthetwopipesthatsurroundtheLaGuásimagarbagedumpinCarabobo,andplatformsfloatsforthecaseoftheSanVicentelandfillpartiallyfloodedbythewatersofLakeValencia.
2. Communitydevelopment,toproducevetiverplants.3. Vetiverhandi-craftprogram,toproduceeconomicincometothecommunities.4. Educatingthecommunitiesonenvironmentalissuesandpreparingthemtofacevetiver
phytoremediationinthedifferentareas5. Environmentaleducationprogramforthecommunities.80hawetlandofrootedvetiver
cuttings6. Landscapeandrecreationplanforwetlands7. Promotionoftheuseofvetiverinsmallpigand/oragriculturalfarms8. PromotionattheinternationalleveltoattractresourcesMOTTO:CULTURAL,ECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENToftheinhabitantsoftheValenciaLakeBasinsandPaoRiverbasedontheirSANITATIONIntunewiththeUnitedNationsprogram:SANITATIONANDDEVELOPMENT.
MOTTO:CULTURAL,ECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENToftheinhabitantsoftheValenciaLakeBasinsandPaoRiverbasedontheirSANITATION
[email protected]éfono+584243181220