international journal of electro mechanics and mechanical behaviour vol 2 issue 1
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Jan – June 2016 IJEMMB
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Mechanical Engineering
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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
Applications3 more...
Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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Dr. N. BoseDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
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Solan, India
Dr. Sam Paul Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
Bo-Wun HuangChina
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Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore, India
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Dr. Basel Alsayyed Department of Mechanical Engineering, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
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journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Electro
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validation of emerging technologies.
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Managing Director
1. Effect of Transversely Material in a Disc with Inclusion and Subjected to Load Pankaj Thakur, Sandeep Kumar, Vandna 1
2. Experimental Investigation and Analysis on the Wear Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Silicon Carbide and Graphite M. Aravindh, C. Velmurugan 10
3. Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding by Using DoeS. Rengaraj, V. Manivel Muralidaran 18
4. Study of Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite in Braking ApplicationsG. Prasanth, S. Rajesh 25
5. Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour on Natural Fiber (Sisal/Banana) Reinforced Epoxy CompositeR. Karthikeyan, M.V. Shanmugam, P. Divyakumar 32
Contents
IJEMMB (2016) 1–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Effect of Transversely Material in a Disc with Inclusion and
Subjected to Load
Pankaj Thakur1*
, Sandeep Kumar2, Vandna
1
1Department of Mathematics, IEC University Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
2Mahatma Gandhi University, Meghalaya, India
Abstract
It can be concluded that rotating made of brass material required the lesser value of angular
speed to yield at the internal surface as compared to disc made of beryl material. Mechanical
load increased the values of angular speed yield at the internal surface for magnesium, beryl,
and brass materials. Transversely material disc is on the safer side of the design.
Keywords: disc, shaft, stresses, transversely, yielding
INTRODUCTION
Rotating disks are important components
in various mechanical engineering
applications, e.g., radial impact on wheels,
transverse loading of disc brakes, dynamic
loadings of disc drives, radial or transverse
excitation of circular saw blades, impacts
of meteorites on spinning satellites,
impacts of soft bodies on rotating engine
discs and blades, compressor, turbo
generators, pumps, compressors,
flywheels, shrink fits, automotive braking
systems, ship propellers, rotors, disk
brakes, hard disks, optical discs and gas
turbines.[1]
These are often subject to
loading or excitation in the transverse (out-
of-plane) direction. Analysis of rotating
disks has been studied by a number of
researchers. One can find lots of works
dealing mainly with the transverse
vibrations of circular or annular plates and
with the in-plane vibrations of stationary
or rotating discs. Theory of continuum
mechanics predicting deformations of
composite materials depends relatively
upon characteristic structural dimensions,
the severity of stress and thermal
gradients, and the relative scale and
periodicity of the material’s internal
structure. The application of this
transversely isotropic theory is made to the
plane strain problem of a thick walled
cylindrical tube subjected to internal and
external pressure and a radial temperature
distribution. The first is that it provides a
simple structure that can be solved
analytically, thereby supplying a
benchmark problem for structural analysis
code verification. [2]
Second, the thrust
chambers of reusable rocket engines,
notably the NASA Space Shuttle main
engine, and tubular composite test
specimens may be geometrically idealized
as such. This enables a qualitative
examination of the effect of fiber
reinforcement on the stress, strain and
deformation distributions. Kirkner [3]
studied vibration of a rigid disc on a
transversely isotropic elastic half space.
Mahalanabis and Chakrabarti [4–7]
have
investigated external thermal crack
problem in a transversely isotropic elastic
medium. Arnold [2]
studied transversely
isotropic thermo-elastic theory and
thermo-elastic transversely isotropic thick
walled cylinder/disk application: an
IJEMMB (2016) 10–17 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 10
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Experimental Investigation and Analysis on the Wear Behavior of
Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Silicon
Carbide and Graphite
M. Aravindh1*, C. Velmurugan
2
1Industrial Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
2Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Abstract
Among the engineering practiced material, the utilization of aluminum based material is
rapidly increasing in all domains especially in aerospace and automobile industries due to
excellent physical properties such as low density, low weight and low production cost. But
there are constraints in frictional resistance and wear rate, thus result in poor limit of seizure
and to overcome the above, addition of silicon carbide and graphite is added as a
supplementary. Thus result in improvement of wear behavior. Stir casting was employed for
producing hybrid reinforcement composites and pin on disc apparatus were used for wear
testing of samples. Design of experiments DOE helps in conducting experiments and those
experimental values are formulated through response surface methodology RSM. Scanning
electron microscope SEM provides the analyzing technique to test composite specimen. The
objective of this research is to investigate and optimize the influence of most predominant
heat treatment parameter of Al 6061 hybrid composites and to obtain the optimal value and
interaction effect for the response factor such as aging time, aging temperature, solutionizing
time, solutionizing temperature thereby reducing volume loss. An attempt is made to improve
the performance of reduced abrasion, adhesion and delamination on the surface of
composite. The research is further justified with optimal value on decreased volume loss
without errors and deviations using MINITAB SOFTWARE.
Keywords: aluminum alloys, heat treatment parameters, hybrid composites, reinforcement,
wear
INTRODUCTION
In Modern days technology is growing at a
very rapid rate and it requires high
materials with effective properties and
efficient performance which usual
monolithic materials could not provide.
Materials used in engineering applications
could not provide sufficient optimum level
of strength, stiffness and wear
resistance.[1–3]
The importance of aluminum metal matrix
composites (AMMCs) is rapidly
increasing day to day since it possess the
quality of high strength, stiffness, low
density and wear resistance and they have
the potential and caliber to replace their
massive counterparts mainly in
automotive, aerospace and energy
applications. [2–9]
Composite resources are created by mixing
two or more materials such that they have
enhanced engineering properties than the
conventional materials. These materials
are gaining popularity since comparatively
IJEMMB (2016) 18–24 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 18
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding by
Using Doe
S. Rengaraj1*, V. Manivel Muralidaran
2
1Industrial Engineering, Kumaraguru College of technology, Coimbatore, India
2Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of technology, Coimbatore, India
Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is solid state joining process. This technique is energy efficient,
environment friendly and versatile. Welding is a multiinput-output process in which quality of
weld joint is depends upon an input parameter. Experiments are conducted here, with a tool
having a cylindrical pin of 0.4mm clearance. The process parameters are optimized using the
Taguchi technique based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Experiments have been
conducted based on three process namely, the tool rotational speed, tool tilt angle and
transverse speed. Tensile strength has been predicted for the Optimum welding parameters
and their percentage of contribution in producing a better joint is calculated, by applying the
effect of the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance. Based on the study, the tool
transverse speed is found to be the influencing factor over the other process parameters, and
it enhances the quality of the weld on aluminium plate Al(6061). The optimum tensile
strength is predicted through Taguchi technique. Confirmation tests have been performed for
the resulting optimum parameter and the maximum tensile strength was found.
Keywords: ANOVA, Friction stir welding, Taughchi, tenstile strength
INTRODUCTION We usually need a proper technique to join
materials having higher hardness property
and tensile strength. Friction stir welding
(FSW) is a recent addition to the welding
process and it is a solid state joining
technique it was performed on Al and its
alloys is now carried out on copper,
magnesium and different material
combinations. Different tool pin profiles
have been used to weld aluminium alloys,
and it has been found that the tapered pin
gave defective welds when compared to
other profiles. [1]
The cylindrical tool has
been reported to give better joint strength
because of the easy penetration of the pin
inside the aluminium plate with reduced
pin failures. The amount of friction heat
produced for a better weld depends mainly
on the process parameters, such as the tool
rotational speed, plunge depth, plunge
force, tool tilt angle and travel speed.
Apart from the highest influencing process
parameters, such as the rotating speed of
the tool and traverse speed in FSW, the
tool tilt angle is an added process
parameter which could give better results
in the FSW of aluminium.
Tensile strength is the powerful
mechanical property to optimize the
process parameter of the weld to achieve a
better joint. The most efficient and simple
way of designing an experiment can be
achieved by the Taguchi method which
helps to find out the most significant
process parameter among the parameter
combinations, by using the analysis of
IJEMMB (2016) 25–31 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 25
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Study of Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix
Composite in Braking Applications
G. Prasanth1*
, S. Rajesh2
1Industrial Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology,
Coimbatore, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Abstract
The present article investigates dry sliding wear behaviours of Aluminium 6061 Hybrid Metal
Matrix Composite (AlHMMC). Cast Iron(CI), the classic material used in automobile brake
which can be replaced by light weight, low corrosion and high strength AlHMMC’s in order
to overcome its deficiencies. The main objective of this work to investigate the sliding wear
behaviour of Al6061 composites reinforce MoS2 particles and to optimize the process
parameters in braking applications. The composite was prepared by using stir casting
technique. Taguchi, an optimization technique is been used to obtain the optimal
combinations input parameters which will positively influence the wear rate and coefficient
of friction. Dry sliding wear test method was used to conduct the experiments by using
Ducom made pin-on-disc wear testing machine. Design of Experiment was selected for
analysis of the data. Investigation about applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance on wear
rate and coefficient of friction during wearing process was carried out using ANOVA. Results
show that applied load has the highest influence followed by sliding distance and sliding
velocity.
Keywords: aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite, brake, design of experiments, pin on
disc, stir casting
INTRODUCTION
Aluminium silicon alloys and composites
are being used in automotive applications
like pistons, brake rotors and engine block
cylinder liners. Wear resistance of material
is combined with both optimum material
strength (hardness) and toughness
properties. The increasing strength (in
metallic materials with sufficient
toughness) has generally been observed to
increase wear resistance in many wear
environments. The effect of type of
reinforcements such as alumina, SiC
particle and the outcome of this work
clearly states that, particulate
reinforcement results in improving the
wear resistance of MMCs. [1]
The MMCs
fabrication technique plays a vital role in
enhancing the tribological and mechanical
properties, in this aspect the author had
slightly modified the fabrication procedure
as follows, materials placed in a graphite
crucible and are heated in an inert
atmosphere, then the molten metal
undergone two step stirring action to
maintain homogenous distribution of
reinforcements. [2]
From the comparison of
performance characteristics of Al alloy
reinforced with 5 wt% SiC fabricated
through stir casting and powder
metallurgy, it is a piece of evidence that
the stir casting specimens have superior
IJEMMB (2016) 32–39 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 32
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour on Natural Fiber
(Sisal/Banana) Reinforced Epoxy Composite
R. Karthikeyan1*, M.V. Shanmugam
2, P. Divyakumar
3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Tiruchengode, India
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India
Abstract
This project investigates tensile, flexural, impact and compression behavior of sisal &banana
fiber reinforced epoxy composites. which is used for the purpose of decoration parts for
constructions, inner parts and automobile and boat. Sisal fiber is a promising reinforcement
for use in composites on account of its low cost, low density, high specific strength and
modulus, no health risk, easy availability in some countries and renewability. Fiber is
reinforced with epoxy resin in different volume fraction. The experimental values shows that
the tensile and flexural properties of sisal & banana fiber reinforced composite increases
with increase in fiber content and 40:60 volume fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber
contained composite gives the maximum tensile and flexural strength. The 60:40 volume
fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber contained composite gives the maximum impact
strength. The 40:60 volume fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber contained composite gives
the maximum compression strength. The experiment shows 40:60 volume fraction (Vf) of the
composite achieves better performance compare with other different Volume fractions (Vf) of
the sisal-banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite.
Keywords: impact and compression behavior, tensile, flexural, volume fraction – Vf
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, there has been an increase
in interestin the use of natural fibers to
reinforce composite materials. In
comparison with synthetic fibers, natural
fibers are low in cost, low density, and
have highly specific properties. Epoxy
matrix composites as the name indicate,
consists of epoxy as the matrix, filed with
other materials. This type of composites is
easy to produce with minimum cost and
have better performances. A composite
material is a combination of two or more
materials that give a unique combination
of properties. One of the materials of stiff,
long fibers and other is made of a binder or
‘matrix’ which holds the fiber in place.
More recently natural fibers have been
used along with fiber materials. The
natural fibers are extracted from the
naturally available plants. The availability
of natural fibers such as Jute, Coir,
Bamboo, Banana, Sisal, Pineapple, etc. [1]
To rise the development of natural fiber
composite. In the field of automation and
structural engineering this type of natural
fibers composites are readily used. (1)
Natural fibers are readily used as
reinforcement in Epoxy composites. The
use of coupling agent with Epoxi are
discussed and evaluated. The thermo
kinetic mixer is used to mix the sisal fiber
with the polymeric matrix with speed rate
of 5250 rpm, in which fiber where
Jan – June 2016 IJEMMB
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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
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Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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