intro invertebrates
Post on 04-Apr-2018
239 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
1/35
INVERTEBRATE
ZOOLOGY
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
2/35
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
3/35
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
4/35
Hierarchy of Life
Atomic level to the biospherelevel
Figure covers molecular levelto ecosystem level
An ecologist may be acommunity ecologist, apopulation ecologist, etc.
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
5/35
Three Domains of Life
Three large groups called domains Bacteria - prokaryotes
Archaea - prokaryotes
Eukarya - eukaryotes
Prokaryoticcells lack a nucleus
Eukaryoticcells possess a nucleus andmembrane bound organelles
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
6/35
Classification is
continually changing
Some scientists dont
subscribe to the threedomain method ofclassification
Some still use the FiveKingdom method
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
7/35
Domain Eukarya
Domain Eukaryaconsists of severalkingdoms
Protista - single celled(several kingdoms)
Plantae - multicellular
Fungi - multicellular
Animalia - multicellular
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
8/35
Protists
Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.eryptick.net/oz2002/crocodile-farm-020713.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eryptick.net/oz2002/animals.htm&h=600&w=800&prev=/images?q=crocodile&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/lifeforms/images/insectivorousplants/Dionaeafly.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/lifeforms/insectivorousplants/b0567tx.html&h=438&w=280&prev=/images?q=venus+fly-trap&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.lewistonmichigan.com/images/morel-mushroom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lewistonmichigan.com/morel-mushroom.html&h=167&w=200&prev=/images?q=morel+mushroom&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.microbe.org/art/amoeba.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microbe.org/microbes/protists1.asp&h=145&w=170&prev=/images?q=amoeba&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G -
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
9/35
Diversity of Life
DNA is the molecule responsible for diversity
Specific regions of DNA (genes) code for specific types ofproteins
Speciation occurs several ways Allopatric Adaptive radiation Sympatric
If reproductive barriers arise between populations, speciation willoccur Prezygotic barriers Postzygotic barriers
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
10/35
Evolution
Origin of Species publishedby Charles Darwin in 1859
Concepts Descent with modification
Natural selectioninheritedtraits within a species are
selected for or against
Adaptationfeatures thathave evolved by means of
natural selection
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
11/35
Invertebrate Zoology
Study of invertebrate animals
Inverts make up at least 99% of all extant (living) animal specieson the planet
Over 1,000,000 described spp. (species) on the planet (mostlyinsects)
Estimated 10 to 30 million spp. have yet to be described
We will cover 19 (time permitting) of the approx. 35 animalphyla
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
12/35
Preview of important Phyla
Protozoaanimal-likeprotists
Do not belong to kingdomanimalia, and thus are notconsidered to be invertebrateanimals
Important evolutionary linkbetween prokaryotes, andeveryday plants and animals
Volvox
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
13/35
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
14/35
Phylum Cnidaria
Jellyfish, Anemones, and Corals
Portuguese Man O War
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
15/35
Phylum Ctenophora
Comb Jellies
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
16/35
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
17/35
Phylum Nemertea
Ribbon Worms
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
18/35
Phylum Mollusca
Chitons, Clams, Snails, Slugs, Squids, and Octopi
Banana Slug
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
19/35
Phylum Annelida
Segmented Worms
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
20/35
Phylum Echiura
Spoonworms
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
21/35
Phylum Sipuncula
Peanut Worms
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
22/35
Phylum Tardigrada
Water Bears
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
23/35
Phylum Arthropoda
Horseshoe Crabs, Arachnids, Crustaceans,Myriapods, and Insects
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
24/35
Phylum Gastrotricha
Name means stomach hair
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
25/35
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms
Caenorhabditis elegans = good Ascaris lumbricoides = bad
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
26/35
Phylum Rotifera
Wheel bearers
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
27/35
Phylum Phoronida
A lophophorate
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
28/35
Phylum Brachiopoda
Lamp shells, another lophophorate
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
29/35
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
30/35
Phylum Echinodermata
Starfish, Brittle Stars, Urchins, and Sea Cucumbers
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
31/35
Phylum Chordata
Phylum Chordata isthe only phylum
containing vertebrateanimals, however,there are someinvertebrate chordates
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
32/35
Taxonomy
Linnean system (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,Genus, Species) is almost abandoned
Genus species (binomial nomenclature) is still used
Lumbricus terrestris Lumbricus terrestris
Scientists are more interested in evolutionary relationships (howare organisms similar / different), as opposed to what What
class do shrimp belong to?
Taxonomic names, and proposed evolutionary relationshipschange frequently
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
33/35
Cladistics
Method embraced by the authors of your text for constructingevolutionary relationships in the form of phylogenetic trees, orcladograms
May be assembled according to morphology and/or moleculardata (nucleic acid or amino acid sequences)
Can be used to infer a great deal about evolutionary relationships
But it is easy to make mistakes Homologygood indication of a relationship
Analogy - misleading
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
34/35
Morphological Vs. Molecular Data
Body Plan Data rRNA Data
-
7/31/2019 Intro Invertebrates
35/35
Ground Plan
For each Phylum there is a Ground plan (basic set ofcharacteristics)
These characteristics are useful for determiningdifferences / similarities between phyla
Ground plan for Phylum Arthropoda (example):segmented body, chitinous exoskeleton, periodic molts,and jointed appendages
top related