Thispresentationaimstoteachyouaboutvertebratesandinvertebrates.

Thispresentationhasthefollowingstructure:

Slide1- WhatisanInvertebrate?

Slide2- WhatisaVertebrate?

Slide3- Vertebratevs.Invertebrate

Slide4- EvolutionofInvertebrates

Slide5- EvolutionofVertebrates

Slide6- ClassificationofInvertebrates

Slide7- ClassificationofVertebrates

Slide8- AustralianCurriculumMapping

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WhatisanInvertebrate?

Aninvertebrateisanorganismthathasnospineorbackboneandiscold-

blooded.Acold-bloodedanimalcannotcontrolitsownbodytemperature.

Itsbodytemperaturechangeswiththetemperatureoftheairorwater

surroundingtheanimal.

Herearesomeexamplesofinvertebrates:

Leeches Snails

Scorpions BlackWidowspiders

Coral Jellyfish

Butterflies Clams

Earthworms Tarantulas

Anemones Lobsters

Barnacles Squids

YellowJackets

WhatisaVertebrate?

Avertebrateisanyorganismwithaninternalbackboneorspine.The

individualbonesofthespinearecalledvertebrae.

Herearesomeexamplesofvertebrates:

fish amphibians reptiles marsupials

birds mammals primates rodents

Fish,amphibians,andreptilesarecold-blooded,likeinvertebrates.All

othervertebratesarewarm-blooded,whichmeanstheymaintaina

constantbodytemperature.Only2%ofallspeciesarevertebrates,while

98%areinvertebrates.However,vertebratesareusuallylargerthan

invertebrates.Theyarealsomoremobile.Forthesereasonsvertebrates

tendtobethedominantspeciesintheirhabitats.

Spinal column

Vertebrae

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Vertebratevs.Invertebrate

Thischartshowsyouthemaindifferencesbetweenvertebratesand

invertebrates.

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Invertebrates Vertebrates

Have no spine Have a spinal column consisting of

vertebrae

Cold-blooded Some are cold-blooded and others

are warm-blooded

Less developed brains More developed brains

Most are small and slow moving Most are larger and more mobile

98% of all species Only 2% of all species

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EvolutionofInvertebrates

Invertebratesevolvedseveralimportanttraitsovermillionsofyears.Now

thesetraitsarefoundinmostanimalsalloverEarth.Thefirsttraitwas

beingmulti-celled.Earlierorganismsweresingle-celled.Multiplecellscan

performdifferentfunctionsintheorganism.Spongesareagoodexample.

Thenexttraittodevelopininvertebrateswastissueswithouterandinner

celllayers.Jellyfishareagoodexampleofthisevolutionarystage.

Eventually,multi-layertissuesledtothedevelopmentofinternalorgans.

Theninvertebratesdevelopedradialsymmetry.Thismeansthatan

organism’sbodycanbedividedaroundacentralpointandeachpiece

wouldlookthesame.Astarfishisagoodexample.Thisisanimportant

evolutionarysteptowarddevelopingaheadandeventuallyabrain.

Nextcamebilateralsymmetry,withaleftandarightsidethatarethe

mirrorimageofeachother.Andathirdlevelofcellsledtothe

developmentofmuscle.Thencameadigestivesystemandaflexible,fluid-

filledbodycavity.Someinvertebratesdevelopedsegmentedbodiesand

somedevelopedanotochord,orcartilagerod,likeaprimitivebackbone.

EvolutionofVertebrates

Approximatelysixhundredmillionyearsago,vertebrateevolutionbegan

withajawlessfish.Whileitdidnothaveatruespinalcolumn,itdidhave

askull.Aroundonehundredandfiftymillionyearslater,thefirstfishwith

acompletespinalcolumnarrivedonthescene.Ittookanotherfiftymillion

yearsfortheretobebothbonyfishandlobe-finnedfish.Thelobe-finned

fishdevelopedintoamphibians.Amphibianswerethefirstvertebratesto

liveontheland,buttheycontinuedtoreproduceinthewater.By300

millionyearsago,amphibiansevolvedintoreptilesthatlaideggsonland.

Thiswasahugeleapforvertebratesbecausetheynolongerhadtolive

nearwatertoreproduce.

Mammalsdevelopedfromthesereptile-likeancestorsabout200million

yearsago.Birdsdevelopedabout50millionyearsafterthefirstmammals.

Vertebratescontinuetoevolvetoday.Asscientistscontinuetostudyhow

vertebratesevolved,welearnmoreaboutthehistoryofourown

ancestors.

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Lobe-finned Fish Early Amphibian

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ClassificationofInvertebrates

Invertebratesareclassifiedbasedontheirtypeandtheirevolutionary

relationshiptootherspecies.Invertebratesspanthreekingdoms:

1.Protozoa(singlecelled)

2.Parazoa (notissues)

3.Metazoa (animals)

WithintheMetazoa kingdomthereareseveralphylaofinvertebrates:

• Porifera (sponges)

• Cnidarians(jellyfish,corals,andseaanemone)

• Platyhelminthes(flatworms)

• Nematoda (roundworms)

• Annelida(earthworms)

• Echinodermata(seastars,seaurchins,andseacucumbers)

• Mollusca(squidsandsnails)

• Arthropoda(insects,ticks,spiders,grasshoppers,lobsters,andcrabs)

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Class Description

Agnatha • Jawlessfishwithoutscales

Chondrichthyes • Fishwithhardrubber-likeskeletons

Osteichthyes • Bonyfish

Amphibia

• Splittheirtimebetweenlandandwater

• Reproduceinwater

• Manyspeciesmustkeeptheirskinwet

Reptilia

• Havelungsandbreathe air

• Skindoesnotneedtobekeptwet

• Layeggsonland

Aves• All birds

• Layeggsonland

Mammalia

• Conceivetheiryounginthefemale’sreproductivetract

• Nourishtheiryoungwithmilkproducedinmammaryglands

• Haveavarietyofspecialised teeth

• Arewarmblooded

ClassificationofVertebrates

Therearesevenclassesofvertebrates:

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AustralianCurriculumMapping

GRADE5SCIENCE(ACSHE083):Scientificknowledgeisusedtosolve

problemsandinformpersonalandcommunitydecisions.

GRADE6SCIENCE(ACSSU094):Thegrowthandsurvivaloflivingthingsare

affectedbythephysicalconditionsoftheirenvironment.

YEAR7SCIENCE(ACSSU112):Interactionsbetweenorganisms,includingthe

effectsofhumanactivitiescanberepresentedbyfoodchainsandfood

webs.

YEAR9SCIENCE(ACSSU176):Ecosystemsconsistofcommunitiesof

interdependentorganismsandabioticcomponentsof

the environment; matter andenergyflowthroughthesesystems.

SUSTAINABILITY(01.1):Thebiosphereisadynamicsystemproviding

conditionsthatsustainlifeonEarth.

FORMOREINFORMATION,pleasevisitwww.mygreenworld.org oremail

info@mygreenworld.org togetintouchwithus.

Downloadourmobilegameapp,WorldoftheWild,andseehowyoucan

participateinvirtualwildlifeconservation.

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