introduction aux digital humanities

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Introduction aux humanités numériques /

Digital Humanities

Enrico Nataleinfoclio.ch

Forum des archivistes, Genève, 2 avril 2012

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Plan de la présentation:

1. Définitions

2. Origines et précurseurs

3. Apparition des « Digital Humanities »

4. Typologie des projets en DH

5. Modes d’institutionnalisation des DH

6. Développements récents en Suisse

7.Sociologie des Humanités Numériques

8. Bibliographie

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I. How do you define Digital Humanities ?

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I. How do you define Digital Humanities ?

„If you think you are doing it, then you probably are, but the UCLDH definition is: the application of computational methods to humanities research or to cultural heritage; or of humanities research methods to digital phenomena.“ —Claire Warwick

Source:http://dayofdh2012.artsrn.ualberta.ca/dh/

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I. How do you define Digital Humanities ?

I think of digital humanities as an umbrella term that covers a wide variety of digital work in the humanities: development of multimedia pedagogies and scholarship, designing & building tools, human computer interaction, designing & building archives [collections], etc. DH is interdisciplinary; by necessity it breaks down boundaries between disciplines at the local (e.g., English and history) and global (e.g., humanities and computer sciences) levels.—Kathie Gossett

Source:http://dayofdh2012.artsrn.ualberta.ca/dh/

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I. How do you define Digital Humanities ?

I guess I define DH twofold : Using technology to do Humanities research and doing Humanities research about technology. Plus a commitment to the openness of knowledge. Plus a commitment to build new scholarly objects.— My Definition (in poor English)

Source:http://dayofdh2012.artsrn.ualberta.ca/dh/

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I. How do you define Digital Humanities ?

The great opportunity to burn down academic walls— Enrica Salvatori

Source:http://dayofdh2012.artsrn.ualberta.ca/dh/

DH is what critical theory is or was--an opportunity to ask new questions, try new methods, engage in new conversations.— ssenier

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I. How do you define Digital Humanities ?

Source: http://tcp.hypotheses.org/443

Manifeste des Digital Humanities, THATCamp Paris, 2010

Art. 1 - Le tournant numérique pris par la société modifie et interroge les conditions de production et de diffusion des savoirs.

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Une histoire qui reste à écrire...

- Histoire des sciences et des techniques

- Application de l‘informatique aux sciences humaines

- Utopies informationelles / PC Revolution

- Structuralisme / Post-modernisme

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Evolution des technologies du savoirRobert Pascal, Mnémotechnologies : Une théorie générale critique des technologies intellectuelles, Hermes Science Publications, 2010.

Revue d‘anthropologie des connaissances, S.A.C., Paris, 2007-

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Application de l‘informatique aux sciences humaines

Père Roberto Busa, Index Thomisticus, 56 vol., 1949-1989.

Source: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Busa

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Utopies informationellesBush Vannevar, As We May Think, The Atlantic, may 1945.

Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, "memex" will do. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.It consists of a desk, and while it can presumably be operated from a distance, it is primarily the piece of furniture at which he works. On the top are slanting translucent screens, on which material can be projected for convenient reading. There is a keyboard, and sets of buttons and levers. Otherwise it looks like an ordinary desk.

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Utopies informationelles

Nelson Theodore H., Computer Lib / Dream Machine, Redmond, Microsoft Press, 1974.

Today, at this moment, we can and must design the media, design the molecules of our new water, and I believe the details of this design matter very deeply.

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Utopies informationelles

Ditlea Steve et Lunch Group (éds.), Digital Deli. The comprehensive, user-lovable menu of computer lore, culture, lifestyles and fancy., New York, Workman Publishing Company, Inc., 1984.

I know now that our research with psychedelic drugs and, in fact, the drug culture itself was a forecast of our preparation for the personal computer age. (...). It is no accident that the term LSD was used twice in Time magazine‘s cover story about Steve Jobs. –T. Leary, Personal Computers / Personal Freedom

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Structuralisme / Post-modernisme

• Roland Barthes, The Death of the author, ASPEN, 1967http://www.ubu.com/aspen/aspen5and6/index.html

• Foucault Michel, « Qu’est-ce qu’un auteur ? », in Bulletin de la Société française de philosophie, juillet-septembre 1969.

Aspen No 5+6: http://www.ubu.com/aspen/aspen5and6/index.html

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Structuralisme / Post-modernisme

Jean-François Lyotard, Les immatériaux, exposition au centre Georges Pompidou, 1985

On dirait que les changements, comme toujours, nous viennent du dehors. Par les conditions de travail, par le milieu de la vie quotidienne, par les moyens d'information. Mais c'est dans nos têtes que ça change.

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II. Origines et précurseurs des DH

Jean-François Lyotard, Les immatériaux, exposition au centre Georges Pompidou, 1985 (fiche du catalogue)

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III. Apparition des DH

A Companion to Digital Humanities, ed. Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens, John Unsworth. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/companion/

2001

2002Alliance of Digital Humanities Organisations- Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2007-

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III. Apparition des DH

Source: ULC Center for Digital Humanities, Quantifying DH, 2011

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IV. Typologie des activités en DH

Projets de recherche Editions de sources Développement d‘outils Modes de communication scientifique Médiation culturelle Enseignement

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IV. Typologie des activités en DH

Projets de recherche

The Valley of Shadows, Uni. Virginia, 1993-http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/

Base de données des élite de Suisse au XXe siècle, UNIL, 2007-

http://www2.unil.ch/elitessuisses/Viaticalpes, UNIL, 2010-

http://www.unil.ch/viaticalpes

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IV. Typologie des activités en DH

Editions de sources

Documents diplomatiques suisseshttp://www.dodis.ch/

Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland, UniFri, 2005-

http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/ Rennaissance Melancholy, ed. By Radu Suciu, 2011-

http://melancholystories.com/

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IV. Typologie des activités en DH

Développement d‘outils

Zoterohttp://www.zotero.org

Lit-Link

http://www.lit-link.ch/ Salsah

http://www.salsah.org/

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IV. Typologie des activités en DH

Modes de communication scientifique

THATCamp – The Technology and Humanities Camphttp://www.thatcamp.org / www.switzerland2011.thatcamp.org

Scholarly Blogging

http://hypotheses.org/ http://dayofdh2012.artsrn.ualberta.ca/

Twitterhttps://twitter.com/ #digitalhumanities

Nouvelles formes de publications scientifiqueshttp://hackingtheacademy.org/ http://livingbooksaboutlife.org/

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IV. Typologie des activités en DH

Médiation culturelle

British Library - Timelineshttp://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/timeline/historytimeline.html

Musée national suisse – Transferts virtuels

http://vtms.musee-suisse.ch/ Notrehistoire.ch

http://www.notrehistoire.ch/ Memorado.ch

http://www.memorado.ch/

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IV. Typologie des activités en DH

Enseignement

DH Bachelor and Master Programshttp://is.gd/JklT8N / http://is.gd/C8S6jJ

DH Summer schools

http://digital.humanities.ox.ac.uk/dhoxss/ Swiss Digital Humanities Summer school 2012 ?

Online educational ressourceshttp://www.adfontes.uzh.ch/infoclio.ch Digital Literacy Toolkit

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V. Modes d’institutionnalisation des DHCentre interdisciplinaire universitaire

http://chnm.gmu.edu/; http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dh/; http://dhh.anu.edu.au/

http://www.abmt.unibas.ch/ Laboratoire de bibliothèque

http://www.nypl.org/collections/labshttp://library.rice.edu/services/dmc/ http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/scholarslab/

Organes de financement de la recherchehttp://www.neh.gov/odh/; http://www.dfg.de/ ; http://www.cnrs.fr/ http://www.snf.ch/

Académies des scienceswww.sagw.ch

Appels d‘offre Google Grants for Digital Humanities infoclio.ch Presenting History Online (http://is.gd/gSd81W )

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VI. Développements récents en Suisse

• Humanités Digitales@unil 2011

http://www3.unil.ch/wpmu/digitalera2011/• THATCamp Switzerland 2011

http://switzerland2011.thatcamp.org/ • NCCR Digital Culture UNIL/EPFL/UNIBE• „Culture digitale“ OFC 2012-2016 • Bulletin SAGW 2012/1 Digital Humanities• Infoclio.ch Call for projects Presenting History Online (30/4/2012)• Swiss Digital Humanities Summer school 2012 ?

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VI. Sociologie des DH @ Day of DH• Trier Center for Digital Humanities (http://is.gd/a8IlYA )

Team members are intent upon various research projects: They develop

metadata structures and encoding schemas for different editorial projects,

some are engaged in the encoding of reference works, editions, and

primary texts as well as programming and design work on virtual research

environments and tools to support collaborative research.

• Javier de la Rosa (http://is.gd/9hQgzf )We are working on a slideshow game that shows baroque paintings and

ask for the user to punch the faces of the people that appears on. And the

other modality, to poke their eyes out. In the background, we are collecting

all the points the people provides to train machine learning algorithms.

• Dona Maria Alexander (http://is.gd/HL1hiG )Social media is central to my day to day work. I’ll be tweeting, facebooking

and hopefully a little bit of blogging too!

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VII. Courte bibliographie récente (1/2)

• Schreibman Susan, A companion to digital humanities, Malden,

Blackwell Pub, 2004.• McCarty Willard, Humanities computing, Basingstoke, Hampshire [etc.],

Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.• Siemens Ray, A companion to digital literary studies, Oxford, Blackwell,

2007.• Kirschenbaum Matthew G., Mechanisms : new media and the forensic

imagination, Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, 2008.• McGann Jerome J., Online Humanities Scholarship: The Shape of

Things to Come, 2010.• Bartscherer Thomas et Coover Roderick, Switching codes : thinking

through digital technology in the humanities and the arts, Chicago,

London, University of Chicago Press, 2011.

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VII. Courte bibliographie récente (2/2)

• Fitzpatrick Kathleen, Planned Obsolescence, New York University

Press, 2011.• Berry David M., Understanding Digital Humanities, Palgrave Macmillan,

2012.• Gold Matthew K., Debates in the Digital Humanities, Univ of Minnesota,

2012.• Hayles N. Katherine, How We Think: Digital Media and Contemporary

Technogenesis, Univ of Chicago, 2012.• Ramsay Stephen, Reading Machines: Toward and Algorithmic

Criticism, Univ of Illinois, 2012.

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VIII. infoclio.ch