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N O T E S
Introduction: God’s Mission as Word-Event
in the Public Sphere and World Christianity
1. Throughout this book I use the term “Global Christianity” and “World Christianity”
interchangably.
2. Benjamin Valentin, Mapping Public Theology: Beyond Culture, Identity, and Difference. (Harrisburg,
London, and New York: Trinity Press International, 2002), 83.
3. Gary M. Simpson, Critical Social Theory: Prophetic Reason, Civil Society, and Christian Imagination
(Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1989), 141–145.
4. Don S. Browning, and Francis S. Fiorenza, eds. Habermas, Modernity, and Public Theology (New
York: Crossroad, 1992), 1–5.
5. Max L. Stackhouse, Public Theology and Political Economy: Christian Stewardship in Modern Society
(Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987), 20–21.
6. Valentin, Mapping Public Theology, 86. See further for this orientation of public theology, Gordon
D. Kaufman, In Face of Mystery: A Constructive Theology (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1993).
7. Jürgen Moltmann, God for a Secular Society: The Public Relevance of Theology (London: SCM
Press, 1999).
8. Martin Marty, The Public Church (New York: Crossroad, 1981); Ronald F. Thiemann,
Constructing a Public Theology: The Church in a Pluralistic Culture (Louisville, KY: Westminster
John Knox Press, 1991).
9. Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 10; Cited in
Thiemann, Constructing a Public Theology, 21.
10. Thiemann, Revelation and Theology: The Gospel as Narrated Promise (Notre Dame: University of
Notre Dame Press, 1985), 74–75.
11. David Tracy, The Analogical Imagination: Christian Theology and the Culture of Pluralism. (New
York: Crossroad, 1981).
12. Stackhouse, Public Theology and Political Economy, 1–15.
13. Tracy, Theology, Critical Social Theory, and the Public Realm, in Bowning and Fiorenza, eds.
Habermas, Modernity, and Public Theology, 25–26.
14. David Tracy, and John B. Cobb, Jr., Talking About God (New York: Seabury Press, 1983), 9; see
further Tracy, Analogical Imagination, 64.
15. Valentine, Mapping Public Theology, 85. For this type of public theology, see Linell E. Cady,
Religion, Theology, and American Public Life (Albany, NY: SUNY, 1993).
16. Valentin, Mapping Public Theology, 87.
17. Stackhouse, Public Theology and Political Economy. 30–34. For the connection between missional
movements and public theology, Ibid., 68–71.
18. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Making of World Order (New York: Simon
& Schuster, 1996).
19. Hans -G. Gadamer, Truth and Method, 2nd. Rev. Ed. and Trans. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald
G. Marshall (New York, London: Continuum, 2004), 302.
Notes242
1 Mapping God’s Mission in an Age of World Christianity
1. Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2002), 4, 89.
2. Lesslie Newbigin, The Gospel in a Pluralist Society (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Erdmans and
Geneva: WCC, 1989), 8.
3. Isaiah Berlin, The Age of Enlightenment (Boston: Houghton Miff lin, 1956), 14.
4. René Descartes, Discourse on the Method, trans. Laurence J. Laf leur (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-
Merrill, 1960), 24.
5. Immanuel Kant, What is Enlightenment? (New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1959), 85.
6. Paul Lakeland, Postmodernity: Christian Identity in a Fragmented Age (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress,
1997), 13.
7. For the term “iron cage,” see Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans.
Talcott Parsons (New York: Dover Publications, 1958), 182.
8. Cf. Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action I: Reason and The Rationalization of
Society, trans. Thomas McCarthy (Boston: Boston Press, 1984).
9. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (New York:
Vintage Books, 1977), 27–28.
10. Foucault, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (New York: Random House-
Pantheon, 1970), 386–387.
11. Gadamer, Truth and Method, 2nd ed., 19.
12. Emmanuel Levinas, Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, trans. Alphonso Lingis. (Pittsburgh,
PA: Duquesne University Press, 1998), 162.
13. Levinas, Die Spur des Andreren, trans. Wolfgang Nikolaus Krewaui (Freiburg: Alber, 1983),
235.
14. Levinas, Otherwise than Being, 6.
15. J.-F. Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, trans. Geoff Bennington and
Brian Massumi (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), 24.
16. Ibid., 23–24.
17. David Bosch, Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission (Maryknoll: Orbis,
2004), 362.
18. Hwa Yung, Mission and Evangelism: Evangelical and Pentecostal Theologies in Asia, in
Christian Theology in Asia, ed. Sebastian C. H. Kim (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2008), 263–264.
19. Koo D. Yun, Minjung and Asian Pentecostals, in Asian Contextual Theology for the Third
Millennium: Theology of Minjung in Fourth-Eye Formation, eds. Paul S. Chung et al (Eugene:
Pickwick, 2007), 93.
20. Jenkins, The Next Christendom, 12–13.
21. Missional Church: A Vision for the Sending of the Church in North America, ed. Darrell L. Guder
(Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1998), 2.
22. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Making of World Order (New York: Simon
& Schuster, 1996).
23. Diana L. Eck, A New religious America: How a “Christian Country” has Become the World’s Most
Religiously Diverse Nation (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2001), 4.
24. Ibid., 9.
25. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 16.
26. Samuel H. Moffett, A History of Christianity in Asia: Vol. II, 1500–1900 (Maryknoll: Orbis,
2005), 297.
27. Choon C. Pang, Studying Christianity and Doing Theology extra ecclesiam in China, in
Christian Theology in Asia, ed. Sebastian C.H. Kim, 97.
28. Stephen B. Bevans and Roger P. Schroeder, Constants in Context: A Theology of Mission for Today
(Maryknoll: Orbis, 2004), 259.
29. Jenkins, The Next Christendom, 8.
30. Lamin Sanneh, Whose Religion is Christianity: The Gospel beyond the West (Grand Rapids, MN:
Wm.B. Eerdmans, 2003), 35.
31. Ibid., 10.
Notes 243
32. Bevans, and Schroeder, Constants in Context, 105, 184, 187, 189. See further Peter C. Phan, In Our
Own Tongues: Perspectives from Asia on Mission and Inculturation (Maryknoll: Orbis, 2003), 161.
33. Leonardo Boff, Ecology and Liberation: A New Paradigm (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1995).
34. Postcolonial Theologies: Divinity and Empire, eds. Catherine Keller, Michael Nausner, and Mayra
Rivera (Missouri: Chalice, 2004), 8.
35. Ibid., 12.
36. Aloysius Pieris, S. J., An Asian Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1988), 69.
37. Gaudencio Rosales, and C. G. Arévalo, eds., For All the Peoples of Asia: Federation of Asian
Bishops’ Conferences. Documents from 1970 to 1991, vol. 1 (Maryknoll: Orbis; Quezon City:
Claretian, 1992), 14.
38. Ibid., 287–288. Cf. Phan, In Our Own Tongues, 15.
39. Off the Menu: Asian and Asian North American Women’s Religion & Theology, eds. Kwok Pui-Lam
et al (Louisville, KY and London: Westminster John Knox, 2007), 16.
40. Wai-Ching A. Wong, Asian theology in a changing Asia: Towards an Asian theological agenda
for the twenty-first century, in CTC Bulletin, Special Supplement I (1997): 33.
41. Off the Menu, eds. Kwok Pui-lan et al, 16.
42. Kwok Pui-lan, Postcolonial Imagination and Feminist Theology (Louisville, KY: Westminster John
Knox, 2005).
43. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000),
12–13.
44. Off the Menu, eds. Kwok Pui-lan, et al. 10, 11.
45. Ulrich Duchrow, and Franz J. Hinkelammert, Property for People, not for Profit: Alternatives to the
Global Tyranny of Capital (New York/London: Zed Books, 2004).
46. From Max Weber. Essays in Sociology, eds. H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1958), 50. Further see critical evaluation of Max Weber, Franz J.
Hinkelammert, The Ideological Weapons of Death: A Theological Critique of Capitalism, trans.
Phillip Berryman (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1986), 62–74.
47. From Max Weber, eds. Gerth and Mills, 122, 148–149.
48. Ernest Mandel, Late Capitalism, trans. Joris De Bres. London, New York: Verso, 1975, 571.
49. Kevin Phillips, The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan
Aftermath (New York: Random House, 1990).
50. Ibid., 50–55.
51. Paul Sweezy, The Theory of Capitalist Development. Principle of Marxian Political Economy. (New
York: Monthly Review Press, 1956), 307.
52. Georges Lukács, History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, trans. Rodney
Livingstone (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1971), 102.
53. Mandel, Late Capitalism, 504.
54. Duchrow and Hinkelammert, Property for People, not for Profit, 96–100.
55. Helmut Gollwitzer, An Introduction to Protestant Theology, trans. David Cairns. Philadelphia:
Westminster Press, 1982.
56. David Bosch, Transforming Mission, 435.
57. Gollwitzer, The Rich Christians and Poor Lazarus, trans. David Cairns. New York: The Macmillan
Company, 1970, 3–10.
58. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation, trans. and ed. Sister Caridad Inda and John
Eagleson. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1999.
59. Ibid., 25–26.
60. Classic Texts in Mission & World Christianity, ed. Norman E. Thomas. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1995,
194.
61. Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation, 110.
62. Ibid., 152.
63. Ibid., 153.
64. Ibid., 154.
65. World Council of Churches, Bangkok Assembly 1973: Minutes and Reports of the Assembly of the
Commission on World Mission and Evangelism of the World Council of Churches. Geneva: WCC,
1973, 98.
66. Bevans and Schroeder, Constants in Context, 308.
67. Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation, 104.
Notes244
68. Classic Texts in Mission and World Christianity, 145.
69. Samuel Escobar, The New Global Mission: The Gospel from Everywhere to Everywhere. Downers
Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2003, 57.
70. Duchrow and Hinkelammert, Property for People, Not for Profit. 142–143.
71. Hardt and Negri, Empire, 12.
72. Mandel, Late Capitalism, 343–376.
73. Habermas, Legitimation Crisis, trans. Thomas McCarthy. Boston: Beacon Press, 1975, 45.
74. Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, II, 344.
75. Ibid., 348.
76. Ibid., 355.
77. Francis Fiorenza, The church as a community of interpretation: political theology between
discourse ethics and hermeneutical reconstruction, in Browning and Fiorenza, Habermas, eds.
Modernity, and Public theology, 66–87.
78. Mandel, Late Capitalism, 521.
79. Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation, 52–53.
80. Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of
Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1969).
81. Paul A. Baran, The Political Economy of Growth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1962),
18–19.
82. Paul A. Baran, and Paul M. Sweezy, Monopoly Capital: An Essay on the American Economic and
Social Order (New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1966), 4.
83. Ibid., 8.
84. Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America, 11.
85. Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World-Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1997, 284.
86. Mandel, Late Capitalism, 365.
87. Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation, 160.
88. World Conference on Mission and Evangelism, Mission in Christ’s Way: Your Will Be Done.
(San Antonio, Texas, 1989), I.I.1. cited in Bevans and Schroeder, Constants in Context, 309.
89. Duchrow, Alternatives to Global Capitalism, 186.
90. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 390.
91. Classic Texts in Mission and World Christianity, ed. Norman E. Thomas, 104–105.
92. Ibid., 125–126.
93. Ibid., 126.
94. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 392.
95. Bevans and Schroeder, Constants in Context, 291.
96. Karl Rahner, The Trinity, trans. Joseph Donceel (New York: Crossroad, 1998), 22.
97. Classic Texts in Mission and World Christianity, 106.
98. Jürgen Moltmann, The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Foundation and Criticism of
Christian Theology (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1993), 246.
99. Ibid., 240.
100. Classic Texts in Mission and World Christianity, 111.
101. Moltmann, God for a Secular Society: The Public Relevance of Theology. (Minneapolis, MN:
Fortress, 1999), 243.
2 Seeking God’s Mission as Word-Event
in a Wider Horizon
1. Chung, Christian Mission and a Diakonia of Reconciliation, 9.
2. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 79–83.
3. F.-W. Marquardt, “Why the Talmud Interests Me as a Christian,” in Asian Contextual Theology
for the Third Millennium, eds. Paul S. Chung et al, 207–208.
4. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, vol. 49, Great Books of the
Western World, ed. Robert M. Hutchins (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952), 408.
5. Ted Peters and Martinez Hewlett, Evolution from Creation to New Creation: Conf lict, Conversation,
and Convergence (Nashville: Abingdon, 2003), 158–181.
Notes 245
6. Gollwitzer, Krummes Holz-aufrechter Gang, 185.
7. Barth, Church Dogmatics II/1: 258.
8. J. Andrew Kirk, What is Mission?: Theological Explorations (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 2000),
177, 181.
9. Ibid., 167.
10. Frank Crüsemann, The Torah: Theology and Social History of Old Testament Law, trans. Allan W.
Mahnke (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1996), 1–5.
11. Pincas Lapide and Ulrich Luz, Jesus in Two Perspectives: A Jewish-Christian Dialog, trans Lawrence
W. Denef (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 1985), 116.
12. Gollwitzer, An Introduction to Protestant Theology, 135.
13. R. Kendall Soulen, The God of Israel and Christian Theology (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress,
1996), 10.
14. Krister Stendhal, Paul among Jews and Gentiles (Philadelphia, PA: Fortress, 1976), 5.
15. Lapide and Luz, Jesus in Two Perspectives, 131.
16. F.-W. Marquardt, Was dürfen wir hoffen, wenn wir hoffen dürften? Eine Eschatologie. Vol.1 (Munich/
Gütersloh: Chr. Kaiser/ Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 1993), 200–235.
17. Robert M. Seltzer, Jewish People, Jewish Thought: The Jewish Experience in History (New York:
London, Macmillan and Collier, 1980), 286.
18. Marquardt, Was dürfen wir hoffen? Eine Eschatologie. Vol.1. 327.
19. Mayra Rivera, The Touch of Transcendence: A Postcolonial Theology of God (Louisville, KY and
London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2007), 134.
20. Newbigin, The Open Secret: An Introduction to the Theology of Mission, rev. ed. (Grand Rapids,
MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1995), 56–65.
21. Allen, Missionary Methods: St. Paul’s or Ours?, 146.
22. Escobar, The New Global Mission, 117.
23. The Evangelizing Church: A Lutheran Contribution, eds. Richard H. Bliese and Craig Van Gelder
(Minneapolis: Augsburg, 2005), 57.
24. Bevans and Schroeder, Constants in Context, 83, 86–87, 176–177.
25. See my engagement with interfaith dialogue. Paul S. Chung, Martin Luther and Buddhism:
Aesthetics of Suffering, rev. 2nd ed. (Eugene: Pickwick, 2007).
26. Karl Barth, Die Christliche Dogmatik im Entwurf, erster Band, Die Lehre vom Worte Gottes,
Prolegomena zur christlichen Dogmatik, 1927, ed. Gerhard Sauter (Zurich: TVZ, 1982), 15.
27. Gilles Deleuze, Proust and Signs, trans. Richard Howard (New York: George Braziller, 1972),
149–150.
28. For the critique of apokatastasis, see Busch, Transforming Mission, 500.
29. Newbigin, The Open Secret, 58–59.
30. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 447–457.
31. Newbigin, The Gospel in a Pluralist Society, 171–183; Bevans and Schroeder, Constants in Context,
378–385. Cf. Jacques Dupuis, Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism (Maryknoll:
Orbis, 1997); Peter C. Phan, ed. Christianity and the Wider Ecumenism (New York: Paragon
House, 1990).
32. Chung, Christian Mission and a Diakonia of Reconciliation, 180–202.
33. C. S. Song, Tell Us Our Names (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1984), 114.
34. Tom Driver, “The case for pluralism.” In The Myth of Christian Uniqueness: Towards a Pluralist
Theology of Religions, John Hick and Paul F. Knitter, eds. (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1987), 206.
35. Phan, In Our Own Tongues, 57; see further Chung, Martin Luther and Buddhism.
36. Newbigin, The Gospel in a Pluralist Society, 175.
37. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 507–508.
38. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letter & Papers from Prison, New greatly enlarged edition (New York: The
Macmillan Company, 1971), 374.
39. Eberhard Jüngel, God as the Mystery of the World: On the Foundation of the Theology of the Crucified
One in the Dispute between Theism and Atheism (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1983), 351.
40. Moltmann, The Crucified God, 265.
41. Moltmann, Theology of Hope: On the Ground and the Implications of a Christian Eschatology, trans.
James W. Leitch (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993), 30.
42. Ibid., 229.
43. Ibid., 153.
44. Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation, 124.
Notes246
45. Bertold Klappert, Miterben der Verheissung: Beiträge zum jüdisch-christlichen Dialog. (Neukirchen:
Neukirchener, 2000), 201–240.
46. F.-W. Marquardt, Von Elend und Heimsuchung der Theologie: Prolegomena zur Dogmatik (Munich:
Chr. Kaiser, 1988), 452–457.
47. Moltmann, The Coming of God: Christian Eschatology, trans. Margaret Kohl. Minneapolis:
Fortress, 1996, 287.
48. Ernst Käsemann, The Eschatological Royal Reign of God (Geneva: WCC, 1980), 67; further see
Bosch, Transforming Mission, 509.
49. For this critique, Moltmann, Theology of Hope, 76–84.
50. Pannenberg, Systematic Theology, vol.3. trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Wm. B. Erdmans/ T&T
Clark: Edinburgh: Grand Rapids,MI 1993), 470–483.
51. Ibid., 545.
52. Moltmann, Theology of Hope, 282.
53. Ibid., 203.
54. Ibid., 33.
3 A Theology of Word-Event and Reformation
1. Cf. Bartolomé De Las Casas, The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account, trans. Herma Briffault
(Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1992).
2. Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition, 24.
3. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 242.
4. WA 24, 390, 275.
5. Hans J. Iwand, “Theologie als Beruf.” Vorlesung, in Glauben und Wissen, ed. Helmut Gollwitzer,
et al. Nachgelassene Werke. Bd. 1 (Munich: Kaiser Verlag, 1962), 243.
6. Martin Luther, “The Smalcald Articles,” in The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church, eds. Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2000), 319.
(=BC).
7. Gerhard Ebeling, Luther: An Introduction to His Thought, trans. R. A. Wilson. Minneapolis:
Fortress, 2007, 98.
8. Luther, “Preface to the Epistles of St. James and St. Jude” (1522), in Martin Luther: Selections from
his Writings, John Dillenberger, ed. (Garden City: Anchor Books, 1961), 36.
9. WA I 2, 275, 1. 5.
10. Ebeling, Luther, 132.
11. WA 18, 606, 24; cf. Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics I/2: 521.
12. Luther, Kirchenpostille 1522 in WA 10, I, 628, 3. Cf. Ebeling, Luther, 30.
13. Ebeling, Luther, 95, 27.
14. Ebeling, “Word of God and Hermeneutics” In Gerhard Ebeling, Word and Faith (Philadelphia:
Fortress, 1963), 318.
15. Ebeling, Luther, 247.
16. Luther, “How Christians Should Regard Moses.” In Martin Luther’s Basic Theological Writings,
Timothy F. Lull, ed. (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1989), 143. (=MLBTW).
17. LW 2:145.
18. LW 4: 42–44.
19. Heinrich Schmidt, The Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Philadelphia:
Lutheran Publication Society, 1989, 443.
20. In this light see Lutheran engagement with interfaith dialogue. Paul S. Chung, Martin Luther
and Buddhism: Aesthetics of Suffering, rev. 2nd ed. (Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2007).
21. Heike A. Oberman, “Die Juden in Luthers Sicht.” In Die Juden und Martin Luther―Martin
Luther und die Juden: Geschichte, Wirkungsgeschichte, Herausforderung Heinz Kremers, ed.,
(Neukirchen:Neukirchener Verlag, 1985),136–162.
22. Albert H. Friedlander, “Martin Luther und Wir Juden,” in ibid., 292, 295.
23. In 1523, Luther said that “ ‘dabar’ verbum et factum significat,” or “verba=res vel opera
gesta.”
24. Pincas E. Lapide, “Stimmen jüdischer Zeitgenossen zu Martin Luther.” In Die Juden und Martin
Luther―Martin Luther und die Juden, 172. Kremers, ed.
Notes 247
25. Martin Luther, “The Small Catechism,” in BC 351.
26. WA 54. 67,1–16.
27. WA Br 5, 409. 26–29.
28. WA DB 8, 11–31. The translation of the 1545 text can be found in LW 35: 235–251.
29. MLBTW 119.
30. MLBTW 119–120.
31. WA 10 I, 1, 181, Z. 21.
32. MLBTW 120.
33. WA DB 8, 24, n.25/26; MLBTW 127.
34. MLBTW 138.
35. MLBTW 139.
36. Martin Luther, “The Large Catechism,” BC 386–387.
37. LW 34:112, Thesis 49.
38. Luther, “Preface to the Epistles of St. James and St. Jude.” (1522) In Martin Luther: Selections from
his Writings, John Dillenberger, ed. (Garden City: Anchor Books, 1961), 36.
39. MLBTW 120.
40. WA 10 I, 1. 182. Z. 6.
41. Johannes P. Boendermaker, “Martin Luther–ein ‘semi-judaeus’? Der Einf luss des Alten
Testaments und des jüdischen Glaubens auf Luther und seine Theologie.” in Wendung nach
Jerusalem. Friedrich-Wilhelm Marquardts Theologie im Gespräch, Hanna Lehming, et al. eds.
(Munich: Chr. Kaiser/Gűtersloh: Gütersloher Verlaghaus), 49.
42. Volker Stolle, Luther Texts on Mission: The Church Comes from All Nations, trans. Klaus D. Schulz
and Daniel Thies. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 2003, 54.
43. MLBTW 120.
44. WA 2, 498, 528, 560.
45. MLBTW 142.
46. MLBTW 143.
47. MLBTW 130.
48. WA 10/I.1, 17. 7–12.
49. WA 12, 259. 8.
50. WA 12, 275. 9–11.
51. WA TR 1, 525.
52. Volker, Luther Texts on Mission, 54–55.
53. WA 57 III, 236, 4.
54. Bonhoeffer, Ethics, 114.
55. WA 51; 242, 1–8, 15–19. Cf. Ebeling, Luther, 187.
56. Neil R. Leroux, Luther’s Rhetoric: Strategies and Style from the Invocavit Sermons (St. Louis, MO:
Concordia Press, 2002), 35.
57. LW 1:126.
58. Stolle, Luther Texts on Mission, 29.
59. “Formula of Concord,” Solid Declaration art. II, in BC 561.
60. In this regard of vocatio catholica, it is important to notice Wilhelm Loehe’s misiosnal contribu-
tion to North America. See Chung, Christian Mission and a Diakonia of Reconciliation, 100–116.
61. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 17.
62. WA 40 I, 447, 22f. See further Helmut Gollwitzer, Krummes Holz―Aufrechter Gang, 313.
63. Chung, Christian Mission and a Diakonia of Reconciliation, 65.
64. Luther, “An die Pfarrherren, wider den Wucher zu predigen,” in D. Martin Luthers Werke, Bd.
51 Quoted in Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 1 (New York: The Modern Library, 1906), 649–50.
65. WBr 2, 461, 61ff.
66. Cited in Brecht, Martin Luther: Shaping and Defining the Reformation 1521–1532, 181. For the
critique of Luther’s position during the Peasant’s War, Walter Altmann, Luther and Liberation:
A Latin American Perspective, trans. Mary M. Solbreg (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1992),
128–130.
67. WA 18, 310, 10f.
68. Luther, “An die Pfarrherren, wider den Wucher zu predigen.” InGünter Fabiunke, Martin
Luther als Nationalökonom (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1963), 195.
69. For connection of Luther’s Bible interpretation to socio-critical interpretation of the Bible, see
Helmut Gollwitzer, An Introduction to Protestant Theology, 58.
Notes248
70. Hans J. Iwand, The Righteousness of Faith According to Luther, trans. Randi H. Lundell and ed.
Virgil F. Thompson (Eugene: Wipf and Stock, 2008), 21.
71. Gollwitzer, “Homo Politicus,” in Helmut Gollwitzer, Auch das Denken darf dienen: Aufsätze zu
Theologie und Geistesgeschichte Bd. 1 (Munich: Kaiser, 1988), 290–300.
72. Iwand, Luthers Theologie, 206–207.
73. Gerhard O. Forde, Justif ication by Faith―A Matter of Death and Life (Miff lintown, PA:
Sigler Press, 1990), 93.
74. LW 37: 361.
75. H. Paul Santmire, The Travail of Nature: The Ambiguous Ecological Promise of Christian Theology
(Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1985), 128.
76. LW 12: 119.121. Cf. Santmire, The Travail of Nature, 131.
77. WA 40: 1.94. Cf. Lohse, Martin Luther’s Theology: Its Historical and Systematic Development,
trans. and ed. Roy A. Harrisville (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999), 213.
78. LW 22: 26.
79. WA 39 II, 239, 29–31. Cf. Lohse, Martin Luther’s Theology, 235.
80. Ibid., 237.
81. LW 57: 57. Steve Bouma-prediger, The Greening of Theology: The Ecological Models of Rosemary
Ruether, Joseph Sittler, and Jürgen Moltmann (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995), 114–119.
82. Tuomo Mannermaa, Christ Present in Faith: Luther’s View of Justification, ed. Kirsi Stjerna
(Minneapolis: Fortress, 2005).
83. BC 355.
84. WA 39 I, 370, 18–371, 1 (1. Disputatio gegen die Antinomer); Lohse, Martin Luther’s Theology,
238.
85. LW 21:299.
86. LW 40, 146.
87. Luther, “Day of Christ’s Ascension Into Heaven” (Mark 16:14–20), in Sermons of Martin Luther,
John Nicholas Lenker, ed. vol.3 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 190.
88. BC 174.
89. LW 43, 198.
90. LW 35. 30–31.
91. Karl Barth, Theologische Fragen und Antworten (Zollikon: EVZ, 1957), 104–105, 114–115. Cf.
Classic Texts in Mission & World Christianity, Norman E. Thomas, ed., 106.
92. Ibid., 105.
93. Ibid., 126.
94. For this critique, see Georges Vicedom, The Mission of God, trans. Gilbert A. Thiele and Denis
Hilgendorf (Saint Louis, MO: Concordia, 1965), 69.
95. The Augsburg Confession, art. VII, in BC 42, 43.
96. Bonhoeffer, Ethics, 202.
97. Ibid., 120.
98. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Act and Being: Transcendental Philosophy and Ontology in Systematic Theology,
ed. Wayne Whitson Floyd, Jr., trans. H. Martin Rumscheidt (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress,
1996), 161.
99. “The Augsburg Confession,” art. V, in BC 40, 41.
100. MLBTW, 247.
101. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 249, 255–256.
102. Norman E. Thomas, ed. Classic Texts in Mission & World Christianity, 104.
103. Ibid., 105.
104. Ibid.
105. Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics IV/3.2: 837, G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, eds. (London
and New York: T. & T. Clark, 2004). In the main text we use CD for the abbreviation of
Church Dogmatics.
106. For the relation between Barth’s theology of diakonia to the tradition of Wichern and
Blumhardt, see Chung, Christian Misison and a Diakonia of Reconciliation, 83–100, 116–133,
133–144.
107. For Barth’s political radicalism, see Paul S. Chung, Karl Barth: God’s Word in Action (Eugene,
Oregon: Cascade, 2008), 419–448.
108. Ebeling, “Word of God and Hermeneutics” in Gerhard Ebeling, Word and Faith, 318.
Notes 249
109. In the second edition of Romans (1922), Barth already articulates a unity between exegesis
and socio-historical criticism in which “the historical critics, it seems to me, need to be more
critical!” Barth, The Epistle to the Romans, trans. Edwyn Hoskyns (London: Oxford University
Press, 1968), 10.
110. Karl Barth, The Christian Life: Church Dogmatics, vol. IV/3, pt.4. Lecture Fragments, trans.
Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1981), 250.
111. For Luther’s inf luence on Karl Barth, see Chung, Karl Barth, 345–376.
112. Karl Barth, Ad Limina Apostolorum, trans. Keith R. Crim (Edinburgh: St. Andrew Press, 1969),
36–37.
113. Bertold Klappert, Israel und die Kirche: Erwägungen zur Israellehre Karl Barths (Munich: Kaiser,
1980), 76.
114. Eberhard Busch, Unter dem Bogen des einen Bundes: Karl Barth und die Juden 1933–1945
(Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener, 1996).
115. Katherine Sonderegger, That Jesus Christ was born a Jew: Karl Barth’s ‘Doctrine of Israel’
(Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), 123, 129, 146.
116. F.-W. Marquardt, Das Christliche Bekenntnis zu Jesus, dem Juden. Eine Christologie 2 (Munich/
Gütersloh: Chr. Kaiser, Güthersloher Verlagshaus, 1991), §7.
117. F.-W. Marquardt, Die Entdeckung des Judentums für die Christliche Theologie: Israel im Denken Karl
Barths (Munich: Chr. Kaiser, 1967), 352.
118. Barth, “Unsere Kirche und die Politsche Frage von Heute (1938),” In” Karl Barth, Eine
Schweizer Stimme: 1938–1945 (Zurich: TVZ, 1985), 90.
119. Ibid., 307–333.
120. Ibid., 18–19.
121. R. R. Geis, Leiden an der Unerlöstheit der Welt: Briefe, Reden, Aufsätze, D. Goldschmidt and I.
Übershär, eds. Munich: Chr. Kaiser 1984, 240.
122. Chung, Karl Barth, 392.
123. Barth, Ad Limina Apostolorum, 36–37.
124. Karl Barth, Briefe 1961–1968, J. Fangmeier and H. Stoevesandt, eds. (Zurich: TVZ, 1975),
504.
125. Barth, Ad Limina Apostolorum, 37.
126. Chung, Karl Barth, 419–448.
127. Barth, The Christian Life, Church Dogmatics vol. IV/4, pt 4 Lecture Fragments, 220.
128. Busch, Karl Barth: His Life from Letters and Autobiographical Texts, trans. John Bowden (Grand
Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994), 402.
129. Marquardt, “Feinde um unsretwillen,” In F.-W. Marquardt, Verwegenheiten: Theologische Stücke
aus Berlin (Munich: Chr. Kaiser, 1981), 315.
130. Marquardt, Die Entdeckung des Judentums, 296.
131. Thiemann, Constructing A Public Theology, 24. See Thiemann’s discussion of Karl Barth in light
of public theology, “3. Karl Barth and the Task of Constructing a Public Theology,” 75–95.
132. Ibid., 21.
133. Already in his Tambach Lecture as seen in connection with the thesis IV of his Amsterdam
lecture (“Church and Culture”), Barth’s theology of analogy is socially engaged, culturally
open and christologically universal in light of God’s reconciliation. See Chung, Karl Barth,
184–191.
134. George Hunsinger, How to Read Karl Barth: The Shape of His Theology (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1991), 263.
135. Earlier on Barth already accepts Söhngen’s thesis in the christological sense: There has to be an
assumptio of the analogia entis by the analogia fidei –“the analogia fidei is sanans et elevens analogiam
entis”―namely but through Jesus Christ (CD II/1:82).
136. F.-W. Marquardt, Theologie und Sozialismus: Das Beispiel Karl Barths (Munich: Chr. Kaiser
Verlag, 1972), 264.
137. Ibid., 254.
138. Karl Barth, Gespräche IV, 1964–1968, Eberhard Busch, ed. (Zurich: TVZ, 1997), 401.
139. T. F. Torrance, Karl Barth, Biblical and Evangelical Theologian (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1990),
147.
140. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, vol. 1, John T. McNeil, ed. (Philadelphia:
Westminster 1960), II, 13.4.
Notes250
141. Marquardt, Theologie und Sozialismus, 260. Accordingly, Otto Weber states that the logos asarkos
can be only a pure boundary concept for Barth. See Otto Weber, Grundlagen der Dogmatik II
(Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1987), 143.
142. Marquardt, Theologie und Sozialismus, 263.
143. CD IV/2: 60.
144. Marquardt, Theologie und Sozialismus, 264.
145. Karl Barth, Christ and Adam: Man and Humanity in Romans 5, trans. T. A. Smail (Edinburgh,
London: Oliver and Boyd, 1956), 50.
146. Bertold Klappert, Versöhnung und Befreiung: Versuche, Karl Barth kontextuell zu verstehen
(Neukirchen: Neukirchener Verlag, 1994), 50.
147. Barth, Gespräche 1964–1968, 565.
148. Barth, Ad Limina Apostolorum, 37.
149. Karl Barth, Die Christliche Dogmatik im Entwurf, vol.1, Gerhard Sauter, ed. (Zurich: TVZ,
1982), 15.
150. Busch, Karl Barth, 468.
151. Klappert, Versöhnung und Befreiung, 45–46.
152. Busch, Karl Barth, 203.
153. Katsumi Takizawa, “Was hindert mich getauft zu werden.” In Das Heil in Heute: Texte einer
japanischen Theologie, Theo Sundermeier, ed. (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1987), 37.
154. Marquardt, Das christliche Bekenntnis zu Jusus dem Juden: Eine Christologie 1, 28–43.
155. Lai Pan-chiu, Barth’s Theology of Religion and the Asian Context of Religious Pluralism.
Asia Journal of Theology 15.2 (October 2001): 262–263; 247–267.
156. Timothy J. Gorringe, Karl Barth: Against Hegemony (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
157. Paul S. Chung, Constructing Irregular Theology: Bamboo and Minjung in East Asian Perspective
(Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2009).
158. Chung, et al. Asian Contextual Theology for the Third Millennium, 1–14.
159. For an irregular christological perspective on parrhēsia, see chapter VI. 2. “Asian Theological
Contribution to Jesus Christ” in this book.
160. Chung, Constructing Irregular Theology, 1–3.
4 Reconstructing God’s Narrative as Mission in a
Hermeneutical-Intercultural Configuration
1. Lamin Sanneh, Translating the Message (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1989), 1.
2. H. Richard Niebuhr, Christ and Culture (New York: Harper Colophone, 1951).
3. Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 89.
4. Peter L. Berger, The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion (Garden City
NY: Doubleday, 1969), 3–13; further see Stanley J. Grenz and John R. Franke, Beyond
Foundationalism: Shaping Theology in a Postmodern Context (Louisville, KY: Westminster John
Knox, 2001), 139–140.
5. Berger and Luckmann, “Sociology of Religion and Sociology of Knowledge,” In Sociology and
Social Research 47 (1963): 422.
6. Paul Tillich, Theology of Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959), 54.
7. Tillich, Systematic Theology, vol. 1 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 60.
8. Tillich, Theology of Culture, 42.
9. Kathryn Tanner, Theories of Culture: A New Agenda for Theology (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress,
1997), 63–9.
10. Norman E. Thomas, Classic Texts in Mission and World Christianity, 212.
11. Ibid., 213.
12. Ibid., 214.
13. Ibid., 208.
14. Allen, Missionary Methods, 54.
15. Newbigin, Gospel in a Pluralist Society, 146–147.
16. Norman E. Thomas, ed. Classic Texts in Mission and World Christianity, 216.
17. Ibid., 218.
Notes 251
18. The Lutheran World Federation’s Nairobi Statement on Worship and Culture (1996); the World
Council of Churches’ Jerusalem Statement “On Intercultural Hermeneutics” (1995); and the
Report from the WCC-WCME Ecumenical Conference in Salvador, de Bahia, Brazil (1996).
See James A. Scherer and Stephen B. Bevans. eds. New Directions in Mission and Evangelization,
vol.3, Faith and Culture. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1999, 177–234.
19. Ibid, 182.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 183.
22. Tracy, The Analogical Imagination, 103.
23. Newbigin, Gospel in a Pluralist Society, 196–197.
24. Helmut Gollwitzer, The Existence of God as Confessed by Faith, trans. James W. Leitch (London:
SCM,1965), 179, 185.
25. John Dominic Crossan, In Parables: The Challenge of the Historical Jesus (New York: Harper &
Row, 1973), 22, 32–33.
26. Crossan, The Dark Interval Towards A Theology of Story (Sonoma, California: Polebridge Press,
1988), 57–60.
27. Paul Ricoeur, “Biblical Hermeneutics,” Semeia 4 (1975): 108, 122–128. Further see Sallie
McFague, Metaphorical Theology: Models of God in Religious Language (Philadelphia, PA: Fortress,
1982), 47.
28. Tracy, The Analogical Imagination, 105.
29. Ibid., 102.
30. Jüngel, God as the Mystery of the World, 289. Cf. Joseph Palakeel, The Use of Analogy in Theological
Discourse: An Investigation in Ecumenical Perspective (Rome: Gregorian University Press, 1995), 204.
31. Tracy, The Analogical Imagination, 409.
32. Ibid., 410.
33. Jüngel, God as the Mystery of the World, 245.
34. Ibid., 290. See Paul Ricoeur, Hermeneutics & the Human Sciences, ed. and trans. John B. Thomson
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 165–181.
35. Jüngel, God as the Mystery of the World, 202.
36. Ian G. Barbour, Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues, rev. ed. (San Francisco:
HarperSanFrancisco, 1997).
37. Dan R. Stiver, Theology after Ricoeur: New Directions in Hermeneutical Theology (Louisville, KY:
Westminster John Knox Press, 2001), 118–119.
38. Ebeling, “Word of God and Hermeneutics” in Gerhard Ebeling, Word and Faith, 318.
39. Ricoeur, “Structure, Word, Event.” In Paul Ricoeur, The Conf lict of Interprettaion: Essays in
Hermeneutics, ed. Don Ihde (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974), 96.
40. James M. Gustafson, Ethics from a Theocentric Perspective, vol.1. Theology and Ethics. (Chicago:
The University of Chicago Press, 1981), 52.
41. Gollwitzer, An Introduction to Protestant Theology, 142–143.
42. Cf. Sallie McFague, The Body of God: An Ecological Theology (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg,
1993).
43. Gollwitzer, An Introduction to Protestant Theology, 153.
44. Thomas L. Shubeck, S. J. Liberation Ethics: Sources, Models, and Norms (Minneapolis, MN:
Fortress, 1993), 22.
45. R.S. Sugirtharajah, Asian Biblical Hermeneutics and Postcolonialism: Contesting the Interpretations
(Maryknoll: Orbis, 1998), 127; cf. For Peter Phan’s discussion of postcolonial hermeneutics, see
Phan, In Our Own Tongues, 195–197.
46. Phan, In Our Own Tongues, 196.
47. Kwok Pui-lan, Discovering the Bible in Non-Biblical World (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1995), 36; Ibid., 197.
48. Gary M. Simpson, “Theologia crucis and the Forensically Fraught World: Engaging Helmut
Peukert and Jürgen Habermas,” In Browning and Fiorenza, eds. Habermas, Modernity, and Public
Theology (New York: Crossroad, 1992), 173–205.
49. Emmanuel Levinas, Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Pittsburgh,
PA: Duquesne University Press, 1998), 6, 46–7.
50. Mayra Rivera, The Touch of Transcendence: A Postcolonial Theology of God (Westminster: John
Knox Press, 2007), 128.
51. Kim Kyoung-jae, Christianity and the Encounter of Asian Religions (Uitgeverij Boekencentrum:
Zoetermeer, 1994), 63.
Notes252
52. Archie C. C. Lee, “Cross-textual Hermeneutics and Identity in multi-scriptural Asia.” In
Christian Theology in Asia, Sebastian C.H. Kim, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2008),179–204.
53. Panikkar, Myth, Faith and Hermeneutics. New York: Paulist, 1979, 8.
54. Ibid., 9.
55. Panikkar, The Unknown Christ of Hinduism (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1964), 43.
56. Panikkar, “The Jordan, The Tiber, and The Ganges: Three Kairological Moments of Christic
Self-Consciousness,” in John Hick and Paul Knitter, eds., The Myth of Christian Uniqueness, 92.
57. Aloysius Pieris, S. J. Love Meets Wisdom: A Christian Experience of Buddhism (Maryknoll: Orbis,
1988), 5.
58. Ibid., 27.
59. Ibid., 33.
60. Ibid., 35–36.
61. Ibid., 39.
62. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation, rev. trans. and ed. Sister Caridad Inda and John
Eagleson (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1999), 116–120, 169–171.
63. Pieris, Love Meets Wisdom, 37.
64. Ibid., 40.
65. Ibid., 123.
66. Ibid., 122.
67. Ibid., 123.
68. Ibid., viii.
69. Foucault’s genealogy can be understood in terms of his synchronic hermeneutic of the sub-
ject and via negativa. See Michel Foucault, The Hermeneutics of the Subject. New York: Picador,
2001.
70. Sebastian C.H. Kim, ed. Christian Theology in Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2008.
71. David, M. Thompson, “Introduction: Mapping Asian Christianity in the Context of World
Christianity,” in ibid., 12.
72. Paul S. Chung et al., Asian Contextual Theology for the Third Millennium: Theology of Minjung in
Fourth-Eye Formation. (Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick, 2007).
73. Jacob Kavunkal, “The Mystery of God in and through Hinduism,” in Christian Theology in
Asia, ed. Kim, 39.
74. Phan, In Our Own Tongues, 192–200.
75. Ibid., 23.
76. Archie C. C. Lee, “Cross-textual Hermeneutics and Identity in Multi-scriptural Asia,” in ibid.,
200.
77. Ibid., 192.
78. Ibid., 187.
79. Jürgen Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures, trans. Frederick G.
Lawrence (Cambridge: Polity Press; Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987), 205.
80. James Creech, Peggy Kamuf, and Jane Todd, “Deconstruction in America: An Interview with
Jacques Derrida,” Critical Exchange 17 (1985): 12.
81. Diane P. Michelfelder and Richard E. Palmer, Dialogue and Deconstruction: The Gadamer-Derrida
Ecounter (Albany, NY: SUNY, 1989), 5.
82. David Couzens Hoy, “Splitting the Difference: Habermas’s Critique of Derrida,” In Maurizio
Passerin d’Entreves and Seyla Benhabib, eds. Habermas and the Unifinished Project of Modernity:
Critical Essays on The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1997), 134.
83. Levinas, Basic Philosophical Writings, Adrian T. Peperzak, Simon Critchley, and Robert
Bernasconi, eds. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1996), 38.
84. Jacques Derrida, “How to Avoid Speaking: Denials,” In Harold Coward and Toby Foshay, eds.
Derrida and Negative Theology (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992), 84.
85. Ibid., 79.
86. Ibid., 85.
87. Ibid., 74.
88. Ibid., 81.
89. Ibid., 76.
90. Ibid.
Notes 253
91. For the critical analysis of the relationship between Bultmann and Ebeling, see Pannenberg,
Theology and The Philosophy of Science, 169–177.
92. Ibid., 281–282.
93. Jüngel, God as The Mystery, 261–298.
94. For interpretation of the said and unsaid, see Chung, Martin Luther and Buddhism, 325–333.
5 Hermeneutic of God’s Narrative and Confucian
Theory of Interpretation
1. Nam-soon Kang, “Who/What Is Asian?: A Postcolonial Theological Reading of Orientalism
and Neo-Orientalism,” In Postcolonial Theologies, Catherine Keller et al., eds., (Missouri:
Chalice, 2004),114, 105.
2. Tu Weiming, Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 1996.
3. Kwok Pui-lan, “Fishing the Asia Pacific: Transnationalism and feminist theology.” In Off the
Menu, Kwok, et al., eds., (Louisville and London: Westminster John Knox, 2007), 11.
4. Ibid.
5. Xinzhong Yao, An Introduction to Confucianism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000),
270–279. Further see Robert Neville, Boston Confuciasm: Portable Tradition in the Late-Modern
World (Albany, NY: SUNY, 2000).
6. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, trans. and eds. H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1958), 286.
7. Max Weber, The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism (New York: Free Press, 1968), 146,
235. Against Weber’s view, some Confucian scholars insist that Confucianism is an ethical
form of humanism open to a profound sense of the religion. For Confucianism as religious
Humanism, see Julia Ching, Chinese Religions (Maryknoll, Orbis, 1993) 51–67; further see Yao,
Xinzhong, Confucianism and Christianity (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 1996).
8. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, trans. and ed. Gerth and Mills, 293.
9. Ibid., 416.
10. Ibid., 431.
11. Ibid., 441.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., 431.
14. Ibid., 428.
15. Ibid., 433.
16. Chu His Learning to Be a Sage: Selections from the Conversations of Master Chu, Arranged Topically, trans. with a
Commentary by Daniel K. Gardner (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1990), 43.
17. Ibid., 47.
18. Fung, Yu-lan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, II, trans. Derk Bodde (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1953), 561.
19. The Chinese Classics 1, trans. James Legge (Oxford: Clarendon, 1893), 365–366.
20. Fung Yu-lan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, II, 561.
21. Ibid., 541.
22. Jüngel, God as the Mystery of the World, 271.
23. Ibid.
24. Ricoeur, “Structure, word, event,” in Paul Ricoeur, The Conf lict of Interpretations, 93.
25. Chung, Karl Barth, 330–344.
26. Gadamer, Truth and Method, 466.
27. Ibid., 474.
28. Palakeel, The Use of Analogy, 167.
29. Sanneh, Whose Religion is Christianity, 22.
30. Junjie Huang, Mencius Hermeneutics: A History of Interpretation in China (New Brunswick:
Transaction Publishers, 2001), 185.
31. Palakeel, The Use of Analogy in Theological Discourse, 187.
32. Plato, The Republic, trans. Desmond Lee (London, New York: Penguin, 1987).
33. Ibid., 534b3f; 532a6-b1.
Notes254
34. Jüngle, God as the Mystery of the World, 267.
35. Ibid., 270.
36. Ibid., 269.
37. Jüngel is critical of Aristotle’s notion of analogy in that this analogy as the middle ground
between univocity and equivocity is concerned only about the imperfect signification of crea-
turely language. This analogy as via eminentiae is no less than negative theology, speaking of
God only as unknown and ineffable. This analogy turns out to be agonistic. Jüngel, God as the
Mystery of the World, 279.
38. Aristotle, “Nicomachean ethics,” In A New Aristotle Reader, J. L. Ackrill, ed., (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1987), 370.
39. Aristotle, “Politics,” in ibid., 509.
40. Aristotle, “De Interpretatione,” in ibid., 14.
41. In his exploration of analogy in Aristotle’s thought, Jüngel completely sidesteps this aspect of
analogy and interpretation involved in the material realm. Jüngel, God as Mystery, 269, 270,
271. Jüngel’s theology of analogy is not adequate to consider the social material side of word-
event.
42. Bevans and Schroeder, Constants in Context, 176. Las Casas, The Devastation of the Indies, 9.
43. Duchrow, Alternatives to Global Capitalism, 21–23.
44. Gadamer, Truth and Method, 130.
45. Fung Yu-lan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, II. 596–597.
46. Wing-tsit Chan, Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-
Ming, trans. (New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1963), 94.
47. Fung Yu-lan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, II. 601.
48. Instructions for Practical Living, Sec. 101. 64; see secs.162, 236, and 270.
49. Ibid., Sec. 5.10.
50. Ibid., Sec. 6.13.
51. Ibid., Sec.7.15.
52. Philip J. Ivanhoe, Ethics in the Confucian Tradition, 2nd ed. (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2002), 124.
53. http://chinese.dsturgeon.net/text.pl?node=2799&if=en&remap=gb This translation comes
from my colleague Cathy Chang.
54. http://www.archive.org/stream/gslzi/gslzi10.txt
55. Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. Joan Stambaugh (Albany: SUNY, 1996), 154.
56. Heidegger, “The Way to Language,” In Martin Heidegger, Basic Wrings, rev. & exp. Ed. David
Farrell Krell (New York: Harper Collins, 1993), 420.
57. Ricoeur, Time and Narrative, I. trans. Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer (Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press, 1983), 33, 36.
58. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 348–349.
59. Paul William, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (London: Routledge, 1989), 203.
60. Thich Nhat Hanh, Zen Keys, trans. Albert and Jean Low (Garden City: Anchor, 1974), 47.
61. The Poem of Ruan Ji, trans. Wu Fusheng and Graham Hartill (Beijing: Zhonghua Book
Company, 2006), 39.
6 Intercultural Theology as
a Prophetic Mission of God’s Narrative
1. Bosch, Transforming Mission, 456.
2. Bruce Demarest, General Revelation: Historical Views and Contemporary Issues (Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 1982), 255.
3. Panikkar, The Trinity and World Religions (Madras: The Christian Literature Society, 1970),
42.
4. Panikkar, The Trinity and the Religious Experience of Man (New York: Orbis, 1973), 71.
5. The Trinity in a Pluralistic Age: Theological Essays on Culture and Religion, ed. Kevin J. Vanhoozer
(Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1997), 59.
6. Panikkar, The Trinity and the Religious Experience of Man, 60.
7. Ibid., 51.
Notes 255
8. Panikkar, The Trinity and World Religions, 61.
9. Yi jing, Appendix III, sec. 1, ch. v, 1, 2. See Jung Young Lee, The Trinity in Asian Perspective
(Nashville: Abingdon, 1996), 24.
10. Lee, The Trinity, 59.
11. Ibid., 59–60.
12. Ibid., 71.
13. Ibid., 73.
14. Ibid., 83.
15. Ibid., 149.
16. Ibid., 152.
17. Ibid., 278.
18. Moltmann, The Crucified God, 204.
19. Ibid., 244.
20. John B. Cobb, Jr. and Christopher Ives (eds.), The Emptying God: A Buddhist-Jewish-Christian
Conversation. (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1998), 24.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., 25.
23. Heinrich Dumoulin, Understanding Buddhism: Key Themes, trans. Joseph S. O’Leary (New
York: Weatherhill, 1994), 21–4.
24. Heidegger, Being and Time, 154. See Heidegger, “The Way to Language,” in Martin Heidegger,
Basic Wrings, 420.
25. Karl Rahner, Foundations of Christian Faith: An Introduction to the Idea of Christianity, trans.
William V. Dych (New York: Crossroad, 2005), 136; further see Moltmann’s reception of
Rahner’s rule, Moltmann, The Crucified God, 240.
26. Kazoh Kitamori, The Theology of the Pain of God (Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, rep.
2005).
27. Ibid., 138.
28. Ibid., 27.
29. Ibid., 45.
30. Ibid., 47.
31. Ibid., 107.
32. Ibid., 45. Moltmann shares this model of Father’s delivering up of the Son, so that it becomes
a target of critique for its implication of divine child abuse. See Moltmann, The Crucified God,
145–153.
33. Kitamori, The Theology of the Pain of God, 56.
34. Ibid., 138.
35. Kosuke Koyama, Waterbuffalo Theology (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1974), 120.
36. Ibid., 115.
37. Shusaku Endo, Silence, trans. William Johnston (New York: Taplinger Publishing Company,
1980), 7–24.
38. Ibid., 259.
39. Ibid., 29.
40. Pieris, An Asian Theology of Liberation, 69.
41. Against a post-Judean dating of Mark’s Gospel, see Ched Meyers, Binding the Strong Man: A
Political Reading of Mark’s Story of Jesus (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988), 41.
42. Robert B. Coote, and Mary P. Coote, Power, Politics, and the Making of the Bible: An Introduction
(Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1990), 109.
43. Ahn, Byung-mu, “Jesus and Ochlos in the Context of His Galilean Ministry,” In Chung, et al.
Asian Contextual Theology for the Third Millennium, (Eugene: Pickwick, 2007), 36–37.
44. Luise Schottroff and Wolfgang Stegemann, Jesus von Nazareth Hoffnung der Armen. (Stuttgart,
Berlin, Koln: W. Kohlhammer, 1990), 24.
45. Ahn Byung-mu, “Jesus and the Minjung in the Gospel of Mark,” In Minjung Theology: People as
the Subjects of History, ed. CTC-CCA (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1981), 151
46. Ched Meyers, “For the interpretation of Ahn’s passive solidarity,” Binding the Strong Man, 440.
47. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 17.
48. Bonhoeffer, Ethics, 104.
49. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 362.
50. Ibid., 382.
Notes256
51. Bonhoeffer, Ethics, 62.
52. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 361.
53. Bonhoeffer, Act and Being, 115.
54. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 360.
55. Bonhoeffer, Christ The Center (New York: Harper & Row, 1978), 35.
56. Bonhoeffer, Ethics, 64.
57. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 17.
58. Bonhoeffer, Christ the Center, 34.
59. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 382.
60. Byung-Mu Ahn, Draussen vor dem Tor, 37.
61. Ibid. Cf. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 381.
62. Byung-Mu Ahn, Draussen vor dem Tor, 37–38.
63. Byung-Mu Ahn,”Zur dritten These der Barmer Erklärung,” Draussen vor dem Tor, 146–150.
64. Ulrich Duchrow, Global Economy: A Confessional Issue for the Churches, trans. David Lewis
(Geneva: WCC Publications, 1987), 137.
65. Byung-Mu Ahn, “Zur dritten These der Barmer Erklärung,” Draussen vor dem Tor, 146–147.
66. Ibid., 148.
67. Ibid., 149.
68. Aloysius Pieris, S.J., An Asian Theology of Liberation. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988, 69. 15.
69. Pieris, “The Buddha and the Christ: Mediators of Liberation,” In John Hick and Paul Knitter,
eds. The Myth of Christian Uniqueness: Toward a Pluralistic Theology of Religions (Maryknoll: Orbis,
1987), 163.
70. C. S. Song, Jesus, The Crucified People (New York: Crossroad, 1990).
71. Song, Third-Eye Theology (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1979), 6.
72. John B. Cobb, Jr., “The Christian Witness to Buddhists,” Asian Contextual Theology for the Third
Millennium, 179–197.
73. Song, Third-Eye Theology: Theology in Formation in Asian Settings, rev. ed. (Maryknoll: Orbis,
1991), 26.
74. Song, The Crucified People (New York: Crossroad, 1990), 210–229.
75. Song, Third-Eye Theology, 128.
76. Ibid., 12.
77. Wolfgang Kroeger, Die Befreiung des Minjung: Das Profil einer Protestantischen Befreiungstheologie
für Asien in Ökumenischer Perspektive (Munich: Chr. Kaiser, 1992), 132.
78. Robert Coote and Mary Coote, Power, Politics, and the Making of the Bible, 103.
79. Bonhoeffer, Ethics, 90–91.
80. Michel Foucault, Fearless Speech (Los Angles: Semiotexte, 2001), 19–20.
81. Heinrich Schlier, “παρρησία, παρρησιάζομαι.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament,
Gerhard Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. vol.1 (Ann Arbor, MI: Eerdmans, 1967), 871.
82. Barth, Church Dogmatics, IV/2: 442.
83. Klappert, Miterben der Verheissung, 186.
84. Bevans and Schroeder, Constants in Context, 386.
85. Phan, In Our Own Tongues, 125.
86. Hebert Spencer, Principles of Sociology (Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1974–1975. vol. 1. See
his chapter on ancestral worship.
87. Julia Ching, Chinese Religions, 17–20. Cf. Nokuzola Mndende, “Ancestors and Healing in
African Religion: A South African Context,” In Ancestors, Spirits and Healing in Africa and Asia:
A Challenge to the Church Ingo Wulfhorst, ed. (Geneva: LWF, 2005), 13–22.
88. The Book of Songs trans. Arthur Waley (New York: Grove Press, 1960), 209–210.
89. Confucius: The Analects (Lun yu), trans. D.C. Lau (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1979).
90. Mencius, trans. D.C. Lau (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1970).
91. Yao, Xinzhong, An Introduction to Confucianism, 194.
92. Ibid.
93. Analects VI, 20.
94. George Minamiki, The Chinese Rites Controversy from Its Beginnings to Modern Times (Chicago:
Loyola University Press., 1985), 17–18.
95. Matteo Ricci, China in the Sixteenth Century: The Journals of Mathew Ricci: 1583–1610, trans.
Louis J. Gallagher, S.J. (New York: Random House, 1942), 72.
96. Ibid., 95.
Notes 257
97. For an evaluation of Ricci’s mission, see Paul S. Chung, “Mission and Inculturation in the
Thought of Matteo Ricci.” InAsian Contextual Theology for the Third Millennium, Chung et al,
303–327.
98. Sylvester B. Kahakwa, “Christ and the Ancestors in African Christian Theology.” In
Ancestors, Spirits and Healing in Africa and Asia: A Challenge to the Church, LWF Studies, ed.,
Ingo Wulfhorst (Geneva: LWF, 2005), 93.
99. Sanneh, West African Christianity, 180.
100. Luther understands the Trinity in terms of the God who speaks in communication with the
divine others—the ones spoken or breathed (i.e. the Spirit). LW 22, 15–16.
101. LW 36: 342.
102. D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, 61 vols. (Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus
Nachfolger, 1883–1983) (hereafter: WA). WA 30, Bd II, 8.48.
103. MLBTW 147.
104. Gollwitzer, Befreiung zur Solidarität, 79–81.
105. F.-W. Marquardt, Gott, Jesus, Geist und Leben: Das Glaubensbekenntnis erläutert und entfaltet,
Dorothee Marquardt ed. (Tübingen: TVT Medienverlag, 2004), 47.
106. Martin Luther, “The Large Catechism,” in BC 401.
107. Ibid.
108. MLBTW 142.
109. MLBTW 143.
110. Martin Luther, “That Jesus Christ Was Born A Jew” (1523) in LW 45:195–229.
111. Ebeling, Luther, 115.
112. Ibid., 132.
113. Ibid., 247.
114. Ibid., 186–187.
115. Bonhoeffer, Letters & Papers from Prison, 348–349.
116. Chung, Martin Luther and Buddhism, 407.
117. Martin Luther, “A Sermon on Preparing to Die” in MLBTW 644–645; further see “The
Large Catechism,” “Formula of Concord,” in BC 435, 514, 635.
118. Karl Barth, CREDO: Die Hauptprobleme der Dogmatik dargestellt im Anschluss an das Apostolische
Glaubensbekenntnis (Munich: Kaiser Verlag, 1935), 83.
119. C. Nyamiti, Christ as our Ancestor (Gweru: Simbabwe, 1984).
120. Marquardt, Gott, Jesus, Geist und Leben, 64.
121. In the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, praying for the dead is not prohibited. BC 275.
122. Moltmann’s project of the cosmic Christ, Christus semper maior (the always greater Christ),
replaces the God of Israel with the creator of the universe. Moltmann, The Way of Jesus Christ:
Christology in Messianic Dimensions (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1993), 281.
123. Ibid., 189–192.
124. Bonhoeffer, Ethics, 197.
Conclusion
1. Gerhard Ebeling, Das Wesen des Christlichen Glaubens (Tübingen: J.C.B Nohr, 1959), 252.
2. Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, 300.
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adonai, 76
adventus, 71, 72, 75
alētheia, 180, 196
am ha’aretz, 123, 203
analogans, 134, 170
analogatum, 134, 170
analogia Dei, 139, 141
analogia doloris, 199
analogia entis, 199
analogia fidei, 170, 199
analogical-discursive, 9, 61, 76, 141,
145, 147, 148, 153, 154, 157, 163,
180, 196, 213, 234
ancestral rites, 219, 210, 220–222, 224
anti-Judaism, 107
anti-Semitism, 105, 107, 108, 110
anhypostasis, 117
apokatastasis, 63
apophansis, 15
Aqueda, 51
Aufhebung, 114
Bandung, 21, 31
being-in-the-world, 14, 15
Bhagavad-Gita, 189
bhakti, 189
Bodhisattva, 183
Brahman, 189
Casino Capitalism, 23
Chinese chess game, 8
clash of civilization, 6, 18
communicatio in sacris, 152, 153
Confucius, 178, 220, 221
creatio continua, 45, 225
dalit, 15, 156
da-sein, 14
Das Nichtige, 99
dabar, 81, 84, 86, 147, 159
Dei loquentis persona, 69
dependency theory, 28, 30
Deum justificare, 91
Deus dixit, 173
Deus ex machina, 183, 204
dharmakaya, 122
diachronic-syncronic, 154, 166
différance, 159, 161
disenchantment of the world, 13, 17, 23, 28
dukkha, 196, 213, 214
economic Trinity, 34
effective history, 13
Elohim, 46, 76
enhypostasis, 117
enlightenment, 12, 16, 17, 19, 33, 66,
129, 152
Ent-sprechen, 180
episteme, 14
E Pluribus Unum, 18
eschatologia crucis, 73, 76
esse sequitur operari, 97
extra Calvinisticum, 117
extra muros ecclesiae, 113, 114, 116, 125
fusion of horizons, 15
genealogy, 13, 14
God’s menuha, 44
Halacha, 83, 217
han, 195
happy exchange, 94
homoousios, 190, 192, 193
imago Dei, 43, 44, 46
IMF, 24, 25
immanent Trinity, 34, 196
I N D E X
Index268
invisible hand, 24
iron cage, 13
irregular-transversal, 61, 158, 162
Isvara, 190
Kristallnacht, 80
larva Dei, 46
late capitalism, 24, 25, 28–30, 32
Legitimation Crisis, 29
liang zhi, 177, 178, 179, 180
linguistic-transcultural, 8
Li-principle, 171
Makom, 69
malkuth YHWH, 143
massa perditionis, 8, 33, 51, 62, 71, 111,
120, 123, 124, 139, 147, 163, 180, 181,
197, 203, 238
metanarrative, 16, 77
metanoia, 234
ministerium Verbis divini, 99
minjung, 8, 17, 33, 80, 120, 123, 124, 125,
141, 156, 162, 173, 181, 185, 186, 188,
194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205,
206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 215,
216, 218, 234, 237, 238
mission of Verbum Dei, 181
mizvot, 83
Monopoly Capital, 30
neo-Confucianism, 9, 165, 166, 223
norma normans, 78, 158
norma normata, 78, 158
nota ecclesiae, 89
ochlos, 33, 62, 71, 124, 125, 141, 156, 162,
194, 195, 197, 201–204, 209, 211, 212,
215–218, 226
oikonomia, 176
olam haba, 68
onto-theology, 59
Opera trinitatis ad extra, 69
Opium War, 19
paranesis, 144
parrhēsia, 60, 62, 66, 67, 125, 163, 182,
185, 186, 190, 208, 211– 215, 228, 238
perichoresis, 69, 189, 190, 191
prajna, 207
prolepsis, 72–75, 163
Pure Land Buddhism, 113
qi, 192
Qur’an, 119
ren, 221
Schöpfungsordnung, 87
Shang-di, 210, 219, 220
Solo Spiritu Sancto, 92
Sophia, 54
spes naturalis, 74
Sunyata, 122, 193
supercessionism, 65
survival of the fittest, 24
Tao, 168, 170–173, 178–180, 185, 189,
192, 196
theologia gloriae, 74
theologia naturalis, 63, 74, 117
theologia viatorum, 186
theologia vitae, 67, 75
thick description, 4, 112
Third Worldism, 31
tsurasa, 198, 199
tu-shu fa, 169
Urfaktum Immanuel, 121, 122
Verbum Dei, 74, 170, 171, 173, 181
veritas scripturae ipsius, 105
via eminentiae, 139
via negativa, 135, 161, 194
via positiva, 172
viva vox Dei, vii, 10, 38, 58, 60, 137,
158, 162
viva vox evangelii, vii, 5, 49, 58, 74, 78,
79, 97, 101, 102, 125, 138, 142, 163,
187
YHWH, 46, 68, 71, 143, 189, 190
Yi jing, 191
yin and yang, 191–193
zebaoth, 76
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