introduction of polymer

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POLYMERSByRavi GoyaniM.S(Pharm.)PharmaceuticsI.D No.307/141/04/2015

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Contents1. Introduction2. Classification 3. Properties of polymer4. Characteristics of ideal

polymer5. Advantages of polymer6. Applications of polymer

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Introduction A word polymer is a combination of two Greek

word “POLY” means many and “MEROS” meaning “parts or units”.

A polymer is large molecule of which is formed by repeated linking of the small molecules called “MONOMER”.

“HOMOPOLYMER” is consist of chain with identical bonding linkage to each monomer units.

Eg:-polyethylene, polystyrene “COPOLYMER” is polymer of two or more different

monomer. Eg:-synthetic rubber “POLMERIZATION” is the process of linking the

repeating unit (monomer).1/04/2015

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Introduction(cont.)

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copolymer

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Classification

Based on sources

Based on properties

Nature of polymer

Based on polymerizati

on

Based on degradabilit

y

Based on structure

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Based on sources

Natural

Synthetic

Semi syntheti

c

Protein, Cellulose, Starch,Resin,Rubber,Chitosan

Alginate,Gelatin,Albumin,Collagen,Dextran, Cyclodextrin,Polyethylene

glycol(PEG)

Methyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, Hydroxy propyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, Hydroxy

ethyl cellulose,Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose

Polyethylene, Polypropylene,Polyglycolic acid,

Polylactic acid,Polyhydroxy butyrate,Polyanhydride,Polyacrylam

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Based on polymerization

Addition polymerizat

ionPolyethylenePolypropylene

Polyvinyl chlorideTeflon

Polyethene

Condensation

polymerization

PolyesterPolyurathane

Polyamide

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Based on degradability• Polylactic acid,• Polyglycolic acid,• Polycaprolactone,• Polyanhydride

Biodegradable

• Polydimethyl siloxane

• Polyether urathane• Ethyl cellulose

Non biodegrada

ble1/04/2015

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Based on nature

Water soluble

Cellulose derivativeSodium alginate

Xanthan gumCarrageenan

Chitosan

Water insoluble

Polydimethyl siloxane Ethyl cellulose

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Based on properties

Thermoplastics

Thermoset

Elastomer

Polyacrylonitrile,Polypropylene

Bakelite

Natural rubber

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Based on structure

Linear

Chain

Cross linked

Polyethene,PVC,Nylon,Polyester

PolypropyleneAmylopectin

Glycogen

Bakelite, Vulcanized rubber

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Characteristics of ideal polymer Should be inert and compatible

with environments Should be non toxic Should be easily administered Should have good mechanical

strengthShould be biodegradableShould have biocompatible

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Properties of polymerLow densityGood corrosion resistancePoor temperature resistancePoor tensile strengthLow mechanical strengthEconomical

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Advantage of polymerlocalised delivery of drugSustain delivery of drugStabilisation of drug Decrease in dosing frequencyReduce side effectImprove patient complianceControllable degradation rate

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Application As a coating material Eg. HPMC Methyl cellulose Polyethylene glycol As binder in tablet granulation Eg. Acacia, gelatin, sodium alginate starch paste. As disintegrate Eg. Starch, HPMC As thickening agents eg. Methyl cellulose In soft and hard gelatin capsule is used.

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Elene POLYMERS APPLICATION

Polyethylene oxide Cosmetics,pharmaceuticals

Polyethylene glycol flocculents,swelling agent

Polyvinyl pyrolidone Tablet granulation

Polyvinyl alcohol Tablet binder and coating

Polyacrylamide Gel electrophoresis to separate protein based on M.W.

Ethyl cellulose For sustain release system

Carboxymethylcellulose Superdisintegrants, emulsion stabilizer

Hydroxyethyl and hydroxy propyl cellulose,HPMC

Tablet coating,

Binder for tablet matrix

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StarchSodium starch glycolate

Binder,glidantsuperdisintegarants

Cellulose acetate pthalate Enteric coating materials

Alginic acid Carageenanchitosan

Thickening and suspending agent Modified releaseControlled drug delivery

Hyaluronic acid Pectonic acid

CosmeticsDrug delivery

(lactide-co-glycolide polymer) Micro and nano particle for protein delivery

Polychloroprene Septum for injection,valve,plungers for syringe

Polycyanoacrylate Drug carrier in nano and micro particle

Polystyrene PolyethylenePVCpolypropylene

PetridishesPackaging and containersTubingTight packaging and containers

Ethylene vinyl acetate Polyethylene terphthalate

Transdermal patch backing

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Application in drug delivery systemIn modified release drug delivery system controlled release formulation Eg.hydrophilic polymer(PVP, sodium CMC,Polymethacrylate

with pH independent solubility (Eudragit RS and RL 100). Erodible material Hydrophobic material include ethyl cellulose also control

the rate of release. Extended release formulation extended release alprazolam tablet,in which sustained or

extended delivery provided by swelling and erosion of the polymer.

Pulsatile release formulation Eg. Ethyl cellulose Sustained release formulation(HPMC, ethylcellulose,

xanthan gum) Delayed release formulation(enteric coating material

cellulose acetate pthalate).1/04/2015

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Other applicationGel and hydrogelHydrophilic polymer are used widely in to

the gel and hydrogel formulation.Eg. Polyethylene glycol(PEG), PEG dimethacrylate and

monomethacrylateNano and micro particlesEg.PEG and PEG coated nano particles poloxamer and poloxamine coated

nano particlesNano and micro capsules

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Nano and micro sphereEg. Polyester based PLA,PGA,PLGA,or PCL are

widely used because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.

gellan gum-PVA hydrogel microsphere used for the controlled delivery of carvedilol.

Chitosan-calcium alginate microsphere for the colon delivery of celecoxib.

In cancer therapyEg. A potent anticancer agent cisplatin by

using biodegradable polymer such as PLGA. In complexation studyEg. Cyclodextrin and its derivative.

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References1. Vishakha K et al,Natural polymer- a

comprehensive review. International journal of research in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences.Dec-2012;3(4):1597-1599.

2. Velar G et al.Polymers in drug delivery system.Current drug delivery,2012;9(4):5-13.

3. Joshi et al. Role of biodegradable polymer in drug delivery. International journal of current pharmaceutical research.2012;4(4):75-76.

4. Chandel P, kumari R. Polymer-a boon to a controlled delivery system. International research journal of pharmacy.2013;4(4):28.

5. Jana S,gandhi A. Natural polymer and its application in drug delivery and biomedical field.Journal of pharmasci tech,2011;1(1):16-19.

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THANK YOU…..

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