introduction to biology spring 2015. essential question what are the traits that make something...
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Biology
• Bio-: life
• -logy: study of
• Biology: study of living thing
• Living things are called organisms.
What are some traits that ALL living things share?
1. All species reproduce.
2. All living things grow and develop.
3. All living things obtain and use energy.
4. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
5. All living things respond to stimuli.
6. All living things maintain an internal balance.
What are some traits that ALL living things share?
GO BACK AND COMPARE THE ORIGINAL LIST TO THE 6 TRAITS WE JUST LEARNED.
Which were the same? Different? Why?
These are examples of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.
• Asexual Reproduction: one parent creates a new organism with identical genetic information (NO sperm or egg)– A-: not – -sexual: involving two parents
Budding Binary Fission
Sexual Reproduction:two parents create a new
organism by combining their genetic material
(usually via sperm and egg)
With asexual reproduction offspring will inherit the same exact traits as their parents.
With sexual reproduction, offspring will differ from their parents in some ways because they will be inheriting DNA from both the sperm and egg.
Heterotroph: An organism that eats other organisms to obtain energy.•Energy from food must be broken down during chemical reactions into a form that cells can use (CELLULAR RESPIRATION).
Unicellular Organisms• Unicellular: single-celled organism
– Uni-: one– -cellular: made up of cells– Ex.: bacteria and protists
bacteria protists
Multicellular Organisms• Multicellular: organism made up of 2 or
more cells– Multi-: many, several– Ex.: plants, animals, fungi
plants animals fungi
Response to Stimuli
• A stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism.
• Stimuli can be internal or external.
• Ex: A pupil gets smaller in bright light.
• What is the stimulus? • What is the
response? • How is this helpful?
A Venus fly-trap closes when a fly lands on it.
• What is the stimulus?
• What is the response?
• How does this help it?
Trait #6All living things
maintain internal balance (HOMEOSTASIS)
(of things like water, sugar, temperature).
If body temperature drops too low, shivering produces heat to warm you up. If temperature is too hot, sweating cools you down.
Homeostasis
What internal condition is out of balance in these photos?
What is the stimulus? How will the body respond?
not enough too much
The chart shows four levels organisms. Which statement correctly describes a level of organization in the human nervous system?
a. Nerve cells group to form nerve tissue.
b. The brain is a group of nervous systems.
c. The organs of the nervous system form a nerve cell.
d. The nervous system has two groups of nerve tissues.
Because no organism lives forever, __________ is necessary in order to prevent extinction of a species.
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Homeostasis
d. reproduction
Which characteristic is shared by all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?
a.Ability to store hereditary information
b.Use of organelles to control cell processes
c. Use of cellular respiration for energy release
d.Ability to move in response to environmental stimuli
•Atoms•Molecules•Organelles•Cells •Tissues•Organs•Organ System•Organism
Levels of Organization
All of the organelles function inside the cell just like organs function within our bodies.
smallest
largest
Atoms
In atoms, the outer shell of electrons, also called valence electrons, likes to be full with 8 electrons, oxygen only has 6
Molecules
Two types of atoms can combine together to forms a molecule so that every atom has a full valance of electrons.
Cells
Ex: An individual neuron is a type of cell that is differentiated for a specific function in the brain.
Cells: the building blocks of life
Tissues
Tissues (nerve tissue) Tissues (nerve tissue)
Tissues: Several of the same types of cells working together to create tissue
Organ Systems
•Organs that work together to perform a similar function are called an organ system.
• Ex: The digestive system allows us to break down food into smaller parts that our body can use.
Levels of Organization
•Organisms are grouped even further into the following categories:
–Populations
–Communities
–Ecosystems
–Biosphere
smallest
largest
Populations
•Population: a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time.
Community
Community: all of the populations of different species in the same place at the same time.
Ecosystem
•Ecosystem: living organisms that interact with each other and the abiotic factors in a given area
–Biotic: living things. •Ex: plants and animals
–Abiotic: non-living things.
Ex: temperature, climate, soil, rocks.
Which of these would form first during the development of a complex multicellular organism, such as an animal?
a. Cell
b. Organ
c. Tissue
d. Organ system
The picture shows a group of muscle cells in the heart. All of these muscle cells beat in unison to push blood in timing with the rhythm of the heart, at the direction of nearby nerve cells.
These muscle cells could best be called a
a. Organ
b. Tissue
c. Macromolecule
d. Organ system
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