introduction to future energy information networks · smart grid* • smart grid is the future grid...
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Introduction to FutureEnergy Information NetworksFrank EliassenProfessor of distributed systems and energy informatics,University of Oslo
Energy Information Networks: Concerned with leveraging information and communication technology to achieve sustainable energy useEnergy ICT
Manage energy more sustainably
More sustainablecomputer systems
3. Sept 2018
Why Energy Information Networks?
• Future energy grids will be immensely large and complex cyber-physical systems that will need advanced ICT monitoring, control and energy management solutions in all parts of the power system.
• It is important to increase the knowledge base on how and where techniques from ICT can be applied to create a sustainable energy future
3. Sept 2018
5
Aggregator
TSO
Wholesale electricity markets
(energy, reserve, etc.)
DSO
Conventional genco
Business Level
Retailer
Large business
Cyber Level
Renewablegenco
Consumer
cash flow
data flow
Cyber-Physical Energy System
Physical Level
Prosumer
Sustainable energy use
• What is sustainable energy use?
• Sustainable development is the kind of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. *
• Sustainable energy use is the kind of energy use that meets the energy needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own energy needs.
*Coined by Brundtland Commission, 19873. Sept 2018
Sustainable energy use electrification
• Fossil fuel > 80% of worlds energy consumption• And demand for energy services increases
• Fossil fuel must be replaced (climate and local environment)
• Sustainable biofuel can (probably) only cover a small share of the demand. What is the alternative?
• Energy efficiency + zero emission electricity• The world need to ramp up energy efficiency improvements• Renewable electricity + nuclear power where it is accepted• Also: solar heating, geo thermal, sustainable bio energy
3. Sept 2018
Energy revolution:huge reduction in costs*
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3. Sept 2018 * Bloomberg, 2016
The critical balancing of the power grid• Frequency of AC 50Hz –
only minor deviations allowed. Nordic
• Voltage must be kept within acceptable limits. Local
• More challenging to maintain the balance with larger fraction of variable and stochastic energy resources from wind and solar
Production Consumption
6 0 H z U S A /C a n a d a
5 0 H z E u ro p a /C h in a
3. Sept 2018
Role of Information Technology• Reduce energy consumption
– Analyze energy consumption – Actively avoid wasting energy by intelligent
automatic control • Enable further electrification
– Replace over-provisioning with intelligent control – Enable electric heating and mobility
• Enable deep renewable integration – Help to make electricity demand more flexible – Enable intelligent control of flexible loads and energy
storage • Assess the impact of technology
deployment – Simulate impact of renewables, energy storage, and
energy-saving technology
3. May 2018
Smart Grid*• Smart grid is the future
grid that integrates a reliable and efficient cyber infrastructure that adds intelligence to the power grid to enable– cost-effective, reliable &
secure grid automation– user-responsiveness– efficient control of demand
data networkpower network
3. Sept 2018
* NIST Conceptual Model for Smart Grid
Relevance of Smart Grids• Increasing penetration of variable
renewable energy sources like wind and solar
• Paradigm shift from demand-following supply to supply-following demand and energy storage
• Need for new large-scale information system infrastructure to control demand and energy storage (à cf. Cyber-Physical Energy System)
3. Sept 2018
Smart Grid from an ICT perspective
B ased on S ource : E IT IC T Labs - Fu tu re E nergy G rid s tudy (2012)
D atacenter
D is tribu ted m icro genera tion
Energy Information Network vision
Internet of Energy*Energy can be accessed and shared from anywhere and anytime by any devices
Internet of Things vision:
Anything connected
Energy Information Network
3. Sept 2018 *A. Jung, Spiegel Online, 2010
Future smart power grid (Internet of energy): A network of microgrids?
15
3. Sept 2018
Internet of Energy: need Internet principles
• Energy Sharing • Energy Trading• Energy Mobility• Energy Balance• Energy Security• Energy Transport• Energy QoS • Energy
Localization• More…
Internet ideas to solve energy issues
3. Sept 2018
Energy Sharing• Internet Sharing Economics
– AirBnB�sharing beds resources– Uber�sharing cars resources– Wiki�sharing knowledge resources
• How to share energy?
3. Sept 2018
Energy sharing : Selling your power to your neighbors
Solar energy to neighbour
Solar energy to neighbour
Solar energy to neighbour
• On your house roof, you have solar power. The power can be used by yourself. If you are not able to use all power, you can sell to your neighbors
• Possible implementation: APP in smart phone– When I need power, I will open the APP and send out request– My neighbors will receive the request and then send back the offer
of amount of power and price– I can choose one of the replies and get the power
[Zhang et al. ACCESS’16]3. Sept 2018
Energy sharing: technical challenges• Renewable energy sources model and power generation model• Interaction between renewable energy sources and power grid• Energy trading in a community, e.g, when and how much energy
a house should sell to the neighborhood?• Energy trading between communities
Community 1 Community 2
Power Power
3. Sept 2018
Energy balance with renewables: Control of demand• A challenge:
20
We drown in overproduction!So, from the wind cooperation we would appreciate if you could turn on your dryer!
That’s notnecessary!
Because the wind is blowing!
3. Sept 2018
Summary
• Energy efficiency and renewable energy supply– are main goals of the future sustainable energy system
• Smart Energy-Saving Systems and Smart Grids– are the main themes of Energy Information Network research
• Several use cases to study– data centers, transportation systems, buildings, factories– power systems, electric mobility, electricity markets, energy storage, renewable
energy
• ICT is a key enabler– virtually all ICT disciplines are relevant
• Energy Information Networks: an interdisciplinary area– collaboration with many other disciplines: e.g., engineering, math, economy– exchange of models, methods, and data
3. Sept 2018
• Bloomberg New Energy Finance, NEW ENERGY OUTLOOK 2016 , «Powering a
Changing World», https://www.bnef.com/dataview/new-energy-outlook-2016/
• Appelrath, H-J., Kagermann, H., Mayer, C., «Future Energy Grid. Migration to the
Internet of Energy.» Acatech STUDY, Munch 2012.
• NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperbility Standards, Release
3.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1109r3
• C. Goebel, H.-A. Jacobsen, et al. Energy Informatics – Current and Future
Research Directions. Business and Information Systems Engineering (6:1): 25-31.
2013.
• K. Zhang, Y. Mao, S. Leng, S. Maharjan, Y. Zhang, A. Vinel and M. Jonsson,
"Incentive-driven Energy Trading in the Smart Grid", IEEE Access, vol.4, pp.1243-
1257, April 2016
• A. Jung, «Building the Internet of Energy Supply,» Spiegel Online International,
Dec. 2010, available: http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/smart-grid-
2-0-building-the-internet-of-energy-supply-a-694287.html
Literature
3. Sept 2018
Questions?
3. Sept 2018
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