introduction to modeling of information systems - ntnu · introduction to modeling of information...
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IntroH06 1
TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
Introduction to modeling of information systems
John Krogstie, Professor IDI, NTNU
Senior advisor SINTEF ICT
30/8-2006
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TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
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Agenda today
Krogstie/Sølvberg: Information Systems Engineering: Conceptual modeling in a quality perspective, Chapter 1 - Introduction
Krogstie: Integrating Enterprise and IS-development Using a Model-Driven Approach
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Conceptual modeling
Models used for enterprise models, problem analysis requirements and design specification
Primarily diagrammatic (2-dimentional diagrams)
The languages used for modeling have a limited vocabulary
The languages used are meant to be generally applicable (and not for a specific domain). Some exception e.g. using so-called domain specific modeling techniques (see below)
Paradigmatic example: ER-model
PERSON PAPERWRITES
LANGUAGE
TITLE
N M
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Main elements of a modelling activity
Example of goal:Create a requirements specification for an Internet-bank to serve thecustomers in bank X.
Persons
Means forrepresentation
Area of interest
Tools
Modelingtask
Goal ofModelling
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The context of a modeling activity
Modeling is a way of developing and representing knowledge
Performed as part of the changes done in an organization
Organizations are under continuous change
Organizations consist of persons which look at the world differently
The organization changes through a process of social construction
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Social construction in an organization
Local Reality(Individualand group knowledge)
Externalization (Action)
Organizational reality(Objects, institutions,language,technology)
Internalization(Sensemaking)
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Nonaka and Takeuchi modes of knowledge creation
Explicitknowledge
From
Tacitknowledge
To Explicit knowledgeTacit knowledge
Combinationcreation of new explicitknowledge fromexplicit knowledge
Internalizationconversion of explicitknowledge to tacitknowledge
Externalizationconversion from tacit toexplicit knowledge
Socializationcreating tacitknowledge throughshared experience
Socialization Externalization
CombinationInternalization
FieldBuilding
Learning by doing
Dialogue
FieldBuilding
LinkingExplicitKnowledge
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Modeling as social construction
Subjective relative to what is focused in the language (language basis)
Focus on certain concepts (on the expense of others)
The choice of language influence on the way we think
Subjective relative to what is regarded as relevant
The results are highly dependant on those involved in the process
Problems related to model-monopoly
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Task: Model-monopoly is practice
Choose an area/domain where you have more knowledge than most people (e.g. a hobby you have)
Choose a modeling language you know to create a model of this area (e.g. ER or DFD)
Make a simple model (max 10 minutes)
Walk through and explain the model to your neighbor (one of you explain the model)
Debrief
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TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
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Conceptual modeling in organizational development and system development specifically
Represent systems and requirements
Basis for communication
Basis for analysis and sense-making
Basis for design, implementation and further development
Traditional IS-development
Model deployment and activationThrough people guided by process 'maps',
Automatically, as in most workflow engines.
Interactively, where the computer and the users co-operate
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Example of the use of domain-specific modeling: Nokia
Productivity increase (10x)"A module that was expected to take 2 weeks... took 1 day from the start of the design to the finished product"
Focus on functionality, not codeDomain-oriented method allows developers to concentrate on the required functionality
Significantly shorter learning period for new developers“Earlier it took 6 months for a new worker to become productive. Now it takes 2 weeks”
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Domain specific modeling relative to the roles of modeling
Represent systems and requirements in a domain-oriented language specifically suited for the task
Communication, analysis and sense-making made easier due to being on a higher level of abstraction
Basis for design and implementation through generation of calls to pre-developed components
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TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
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SEQUAL – Semiotic Quality Framework
Goals ofmodelling
Languageextension
Modelingdomain
Social actorinterpretation
Technicalactor
interpretation
Social actorexplicit
knowledge
Organizational
Modelexternalization
Physical
Perceived semantic
Social
Syntactic
Pragmatic(humanunderstanding)
Pragmatic(tool understanding)
Pragmatic(action)
Empirical
Semantic
Pragmatic(learning)
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IntroH06 15
TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
Integrating Enterprise and IS-development Using a Model-Driven Approach
Invited keynote presentation ISD-2004
John Krogstie
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Approaches to model-driven solutions
Enterprise modelling
Business Process Modelling/Workflow modelling
Ontologies
Service Oriented Architecture - SOA
Model Driven Architecture - MDA
No silver bullet
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Framework
Hardcoded Predefined Evolving ImplicitProcess Models
Static DynamicProcess Spectrum
Enterprise model
Platform Independent Model
Platform Specific Model
Code
Operating system, runtime execution environment (EE)
Enterprise Model
EEPIM EE
PSM EE
Model-driven solutions:
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Interoperability Pyramid
Programming platform
Enterprise Model(EM, CIM)
Business process model (PIM)
Platform SpecificModel
EM platform
Business process execution platform
(PIM)
Web service execution platform (PSM)
Programming platform
Programcode
EDI
API
WSI
BPI
EMI
Enterprise interoperability
Platform SpecificModel
Business process execution platform
(PIM)
Business process model (PIM)
EM platform
Enterprise Model(EM, CIM)
Web service execution platform (PSM)Program
code
Ontology, standards etc.
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IntroH06 19
TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
Advanced Technologies for Interoperability of Heterogenous Enterprise Networks and their
Applications
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Vision and Mission
Vision
By 2010, enterprises will be able to seamlessly interoperate with others
Mission
To be a main contributor in the European efforts to enabling enterprises to seamlessly interoperate
Duration and Budget
February 2004-January 200726,5 M EuroRelation to INTEROP Network of Excellence (where also IDI and the IS-group is a member)
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TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
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Partners
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Projects and activities
Action Line A: Research and Development
ICT Systems
Business & Knowledge
Action Line C: Management
Action Lines B: Community Building
EIC
Enterprise Modelling in the Context of Collaborative Enterprises
Cross-Organisational Business Processes
Knowledge Support and Semantic Mediation Solutions
Interoperability Framework and Services for Networked Enterprises
Model-driven and Adaptive Interoperability Architectures
Planned and Customisable Service-Oriented Architectures
Knowledge Sharing
Business Interoperability Research
Dynamic Requirement Definition
Piloting
Training
Scientific Co-ordinationAdministration
Knowledge Sharing Execution
Business Interoperability Forum
Dynamic Requirement Definition
Technology Testing Network Co-ordination
Interoperability Academy
Sub Project Call Administration
EIC Creation
Exploitation IT Infrastructure
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ATHENA Platforms
EM platform
Business process execution platform
(PIM)
Web service execution platform (PSM)
Programming platform
EM platform
Business process execution platform
(PIM)
Web service execution platform (PSM)
Programming platformEDI, API
WSI
BPI
EMI
A6. Model Driven and Adaptive Interoperability Architectures
A2. Cross-Organizational Business Processes
A1. Collaborative enterprise modelling platform
A5. Planned and Customisable Service-Oriented Architectures
A3.Knowledge
Supportand
SemanticMeditation
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TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
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ATHENA Modelling Methodologies
Enterprise Model (EM, CIM)
Business process model (PIM)
Platform Specific Model
EM platform
Business process execution platform
Web service execution platform
Programming platform
Programcode
A6. ModelDriven
andAdaptive
InteroperabilityArchitectures
A2.Cross-Organizational Business Processes
A5. Planned and
CustomisableService-Oriented
Architectures
A3. Knowledge Support and Semantic Meditation
A1. Collaborative enterprise modelling
Long development cycles Concurrentmodelling
and execution
Short cycles
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Enterprise Model (EM, CIM)
Business process model (PIM)
Platform Specific Model
EM platform
Business process execution platform
Web service execution platform
Programming platform
Programcode
Standard Languages
UMLPIM
BPMN
BPSS, BPEL, BPMLUMLPSM
UN-CEFACTBCF
OASIS BCM
OMG BPD
J2EE, .net etc.
OASIS CAM
BCMeprXML
UDDI, SOAPWSDL, RDF
WS non-functional *WSCI, WS-Trans./Coord, BTPebXML CPP
Java, C# etc.
WSFL
OASIS BCMChoice points
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Model generated workplaces: The EXTERNAL approachResources
Exten
ded
Enter
prise
Mod
el
EXTENDED ENTERPRISE
DYNAMIC NETWORKEDORGANISATION
Reflected by
Multiple shared views
ACTIVE KNOWLEDGEMODEL
Tools
InformationResources
Process
Organisation
Experience
feedback
EXTERNAL supported establishing the infrastructure for dynamic network co-operation between symbolic analysts
Use of interactive models as dynamically evolving enterprise model supporting planning and work performance
Integration of a number of model activators to make use of the model
Approach is being further developed in ATHENA and MAPPER
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Interactive models
Visual (graphical) models of enterprise aspects (goals, tasks, roles, organizations, persons, information, systems...)
Available for industrial users to be viewed, traversed, analyzed, simulated, adapted, and executed
Changes to the models influence the information systems supporting the enterprise/business network
Modeling, language-modeling, and work processes can in principle be performed in parallel
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TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
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Three layers of infrastructure for enterprise model development and execution environment
Layer 1, the information and communication technology (ICT) layer: – defining and describing the platform, software architectures, tools, software components, connectivity and communication.
Layer 2, the knowledge representation layer: -defining and describing constructs and mechanisms for modelling.
Layer 3, the work performance and managementlayer; - services for modelling and implementing customer solutions, generating work environments
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Layer 1, the information and communication technology (ICT) layer
METISEnterprise
model server
XCHIPSCooperation
server
FrameSolutionsWork execution
server
SimVisionSimulation
client
WORKWAREWork managementand performance
server
Shared Model Repository (SMR) server
http(s)
EXTERNAL EE PortalIntegrated user environment
in web browser
METISModelling
client
XCHIPSCooperation
client
http(s)
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Execution environment supporting a full range of process types
Market Project/TeamHierarchyLow uncertaintyLow goal congruence
High uncertaintyHigh goal congruence
ElectronicCommerce
Workflow Groupware
Socio-economicrelationship
Coordinationtechnologies
HardcodedProcess Models Predefinedmodel
Evolvingmodel
Implicit
EXTERNALprosess support FrameSolutions XCHIPS
WORKWAREEXTERNALvisualizationand simulation
METIS
SimVision
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Layer 2, the knowledge representation layer (conceptual language-model of EEML)
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Layer 3, the work performance and management layerMetamodelling
in METIS
Defines content of
Modellingin METIS
Workmanagement
portal withWORKWARE
Defines content of
Services, e.g. forwork performance
Modelledknowledge abouta task, includingits resources andcurrent state
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IntroH06 33
TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006
Questions and clarification?
John Krogstie, Professor IDI, NTNU
Senior advisor SINTEF
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