introductions to immunology
Post on 08-Feb-2017
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Dr Alok TripathiDepartment of Biotechnologyaquaimmuno@yahoo.co.in
Outline of Immune Response
Cells of Immun
e Respon
se
What immune
System does?
•Specifically recognizes •Effectively Attack•selectively eliminates •displays a long-term memory
Juncture point for Non Specific & Specific Immune Response ↑
Showing the Significance of Specific & Non Specific IR
Is it The Environment which decides weather the disease will occur or not ?
Host
Pathogens
Environment
Diseases
Immune Response Virulency Interaction
metabolis
m
Components of
immune system
Nonspecific Cellular Response
Nonspecific Humoral
Specific Humoral
Specific Cellular
Properties •Present from birth •Operate against any nonself•Unaffected to prior exposure
•Acquired & Adoptive •Tailored against individual pathogens•Enhanced by prior exposure
Who do it? Cells: Macrophages, Monocytes, PMN
Acute phase proteins, like CRP, Ceruloplasmin, Transferrine Lysozymes etc
Immunoglobuline
T-Lymphocytes
What they do?
Phagocytosis The whole components cause hindrance in establishment of pathogen
Form Ag-Ab complex to neutralized the harmful components
Apoptosis, Killing by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
Disease
Virulency of
pathogen
Non Specific Humoral Immune
responses
Physiological
condition of the
Interfaces
In order to establish , invade and thrive inside host the host A
Pathogen has to overcome the Nonspecific
Immune Response of
HOST
P
Invasion includes two
steps•1-establishement of pathogen at skin surface, •2- penetrate in side the host skin
Hindered in
establishment of
pathogen
Now if a Pathogen succeeded to penetrate it cause
Damage of Skin
release of certain chemottaractents Phagocytosis
Release of
chemoattractant
instigate →Inflammation
Non specific Vs Specific Immune Response
Complement System:
•to complement the Immune Response
Definition
•A group of 20 serum thermolabile proteins, along with cells of the immune system work together to eliminate foreign cells.Intro
duction
•Cooperate with antibodies to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens•Prevent the lysis of normal host cells by pathogens . •It operates as a cascade mechanism, just like the blood-clotting system. •This sequential activation usually occurs by proteolysis.
Extraction of peptide from pathogen /antigen is key point between Non specific
& Specific Immune Response
Elicits the Processing & Presentation of Antigen
Ag Processin
g
•Preparing a peptide from pathogen (antigen) which can be fix on peptide presenting cleft of MHC molecule
Antigen Presentat
ion
•The degraded peptide then associated with MHC, transported to membrane surface and where they are displayed to TCR
Ag can be processed in 2 ways:
•Exogenous Pathways•Endogenous pathways
Outline of Acquired Immune
Response
T Cell ActivationKill
Endogenous Antigen
Activate CTL
Kill Infected Cell
Exogenous Antigen
Activate Th
Stimulate Macrophage
Endosomal Pathogens
APC [B-Cell]
ThCell
YAg
YY
MHC-II
P
B7 CD-28TCR
CD-40 CD-40L CK
CO-STIMULATORY SIGNALS
Nucleus
Singling CascadesProcessing &
Presentation of Ag
P-Effect=Pathoge
n Effect; H-Effect= Host Effect; APP= Acute Phage
Proteins;
Whole Process is Manifested as Inflammation Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity Result
Humoral (APP)Cellular
(Phagocytosis) Processing PresentationT Cell Response
B-Cell Response
P-EffectH-Effect P-Effect H-Effect H-Effect H-Effect H-Effect H-Effect
1External –internal
environment
interface
¬ X X X X X X Immunotolerence
2 ¬ X X X X X X Immunotolerence
3 ¬4 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
5 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
6 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
7 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
80 ¬ ¬ ¬ Autoimmunity
90 ¬ ¬¬¬ ¬¬¬ ¬¬¬ Hypersenstivity
100 ¬ ¬¬¬ ¬¬¬ ¬¬¬ Hypersenstivity
110 ¬ ¬ Autoimmunity
12 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
13 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
14 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
15 ¬ ¬ ¬ Normal IR
16 ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C
17 ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C
18 ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C ¬C
Graphical representation of IR under different conditions
Normal
IR
Autoimmunity
Hyper
sensti
vity
Immunoto
leren
ce
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
PathogensNsHR
NsCRSHR
SCRComplement
Inflammation
Pathogens
NsHR
NsCR
SHR
SCR
Complement
Inflammation
Thus Immunology can be defined as……………….
Sum of responses offered by the host body against any
invading pathogen to nullify the impact
exerted by the pathogen/s
Thank you
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