invasive insect tsunami: managing brown marmorated stink
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ElijahJ.Talamas,ARSUSDA.
InvasiveInsectTsunami:ManagingBrownMarmoratedStinkBuginNYSOrchards
Dana Acimovic Art Agnello Tessa Grasswitz Lydia Brown Peter Jentsch CALS – HVRL CALS - NYSAES CCE-LOFT CALS – HVRL CALS - HVRL
Photograph:ChristopherHedstromUSDA-APHISQuarantineFacility,
Corvallis,Oregon
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
2019ENYCHPWinterFruitSchoolsDesmondHotel&ConfCtr,Albany,NY
BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyStudies
• BiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
StinkBugBiology
• Large ‘Shield’ bug body form (3.5 cm)
• Proboscis (moutparts) shielded prior to insertion into fruit
• Body held above the surface of foliage and fruit
• Tarsi hold insect on small segments onto smooth surfaces
• Limited exposure to residual insecticides
HudsonValleyStinkBugComplex(Pentatomidae)SpeciesOfEconomicImportance
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus servus (Say)• Native to North America• Feeds on broad leaf plant & seed (Mullen, Dock,
Plantain)• Moves to apple borders during periods of drought• Pyrethroids, Pre-mix Neonic + Pyrethroid
Green Stink Bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say).• Native to North America• Arborial dwelling, feed on seed, stems and foliage• Moves to apple borders during periods of drought
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål)• Newly invasive in North America• Arborial dwelling, feed on seed, stems and foliage• Moves to apple borders during periods of high
population, drought
GaryBernonUSDA-APHIS
P. Jentsch - Cornell
HudsonValleyStinkBugComplex(Pentatomidae)SpeciesOfEconomicImportance
Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus servus (Say)
Green Stink Bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say).
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål)
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
GaryBernonUSDA-APHIS
P. Jentsch - Cornell
Adult Stink bug damage
Adult & Nymph Stink bug damageAdult SB Presence
Adult Stink bug damage
Hudson Valley Stink Bug Complex Species Of Economic Importance
CitizenScienceProjectParticipation(Homeowners)BMSBhasbeendetectedinallbut6of62countiesinNYS
BMSB:
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Overwinteringhabitat
• Asmallpercentofthepopulationwillaggregateinbuildingswheretemperatureextremesallowforsurvivalinnorthernclimates,potentiallycreatinglocalizedclusterpointsforAg.infestations.
• ThemajorityofBMSBresideinthewoodlandhabitat
(StandingDeadOak(Quercusspp.),Locust(Robiniaspp.)Lee,Doo-Hyungetal.2014)
• Inwoodlandhabitat,temperaturesbelow-18oCor-0.4oFwillkill90%ofthepopulation(Kuhar,T.2016)
FactorsforBMSBSuccess:Overwintering
TheBrownMarmoratedStinkBugintheAg.&UrbanEnvironment
Detectedin44statesand4Canadianprovinces
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
FactorsforBMSBSuccess:#ofGenerations
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Sunlight/Daylength(BMSBadultmating)
o 13.5hdaylengthformatingandegglayingtobegin
o Geneva,NY April29th–Aug13th
o HVRLHighland May1st–Aug.11th
BMSB:GenerationalIntervals
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• DegreeDayAccumulations
o Itrequires538degreedays(DD–based50ºF)todevelopfromeggtoadult.
o Anadditional148DDarerequiredforfemalematurationat77ºF.
o Totalof686DD50for1generation;
o 1224DD50fora2ndcompletetheadultOWpopulation
FactorsforBMSBSuccess:#ofGenerations
GTTCP BloomPF1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C
OW Adult Emergence 1st Egg 1st Gen. Adult 2nd G. Egg 2nd Gen. Adult
BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyStudies
• BiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
State-wide Trap Monitoring of BMSB in NY USDA #10 Lure & MDT Using Tedders Traps
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
VentedtrapcontainerholdingduellureKillingstripofVapona;bungicordstrapsPyrimidblackbasetomimmictreetrunkScreenedbasetoreduceweedsandprovidecontrastforcrawlingSBPlacedalongdecidiouswoodland/orchardedge
AgBio-inc.comTrap,lures,killstrip
TreatmentThreshold:10adults/trap/week
Green&BrownMarmoratedStinkBug:Monitoring
StickyCardTrap*duelpheromone
AtKTrap(Vestegaard)*duelpheromone*deltamethrin-Incorporatednet
Threshold:10adults/trap/week
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
TeddersTrap*duelpheromone
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Green&BrownMarmoratedStinkBug:Monitoring
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Green&BrownMarmoratedStinkBug:Monitoring
BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyStudies
• BiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
StinkBug:
• Discolored
shallow
depression
• Corkingto
skinsurface
• Feeding
puncture
BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Hailinjury:
• Discolored
shallow
depression
• Corkingto
skinsurface
• Nofeeding
puncture
BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
BitterPit:
• Discolored
shallow
depression
• Corkingnot
toskin
surface
• Nofeeding
punctureJonagold
BMSB:DefiningInjuryStinkBug,Hail,BitterPit,Maggot
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AppleMaggot:
• Sting
Depression
• Noskin
Discoloration
• Nocorking
• Oxidized
tunnelingor
trails
BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• BMSBEcology&Biology
• Monitoring/Scouting
• StinkBugInjuryDiagnostics
• InsecticideEfficacyBiologicalControl
• Novel/InnovationMgt.Research
InsecticideUse
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
ManagementOptions
β-cyfluthrin
Early Mid LateAugust
Blondee BlondeeSansa Paulared
TydemanZestar
SeptemberAutmnCrisp AutmnCrisp AmbrosiaBlondee Cortland AutmnCrispGala Empire BraeburnGingerGold Honeycrisp GoldenDelicious
GoldenSupreme Macoun JonagoldGreening Shamrock Mutsu/CrispinJonamac SnowSweet PinovaMcIntosh Tydeman RedDeliciousTwentyOunce RubyFrost™Tydeman RubyJon
SnapDragon™SnowSweet
OctoberBraeburn Braeburn BraeburnCameo Cameo CameoFortune Fuji FujiIdared GrannySmith GrannySmithNorthernSpy RubyFrost™ SpigoldRome Shizuka SuncrispRubyFrost™ SpigoldShizuka SuncrispSnapDragon™SnowSweet
November PinkLady
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
NYBMSBManagementOptionsWHOLEORCHARDapplicationearly-midAugustTrapThreshold+observationEgglayinginorchardpossible14-7dPHI
2-4applicationsbeginninginearlyAugustPerimeterRowapplications35-7dPHI
5-8applicationsbeginninginearlyAugustPerimeterRowapplications35-7dPHI
>6applicationsbeginninginearlyAugustPerimeterRowapplications35-7dPHI
Early Mid LateAugust
Blondee BlondeeSansa Paulared
TydemanZestar
SeptemberAutmnCrisp AutmnCrisp AmbrosiaBlondee Cortland AutmnCrispGala Empire BraeburnGingerGold Honeycrisp GoldenDelicious
GoldenSupreme Macoun JonagoldGreening Shamrock Mutsu/CrispinJonamac SnowSweet PinovaMcIntosh Tydeman RedDeliciousTwentyOunce RubyFrost™Tydeman RubyJon
SnapDragon™SnowSweet
OctoberBraeburn Braeburn BraeburnCameo Cameo CameoFortune Fuji FujiIdared GrannySmith GrannySmithNorthernSpy RubyFrost™ SpigoldRome Shizuka SuncrispRubyFrost™ SpigoldShizuka SuncrispSnapDragon™SnowSweet
November PinkLady
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
NYBMSBManagementOptions
HighVolumeofFruitLowInjuryLevel
LowVolumeofFruitHighFruitInjuryLevels
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
NYManagementOptions
Early-midAugust• SingleApplication(Thiamethoxam)• NYStotal11.0oz./AofActaraWDG• 35DTH
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Mid-lateAugust• 5-10dapplicationschedule• 21DTH
NYManagementOptions
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
LateAugust-EarlySeptember• 5-10dapplicationschedule• Bifenthrin(30dRe-application)• 14DTH
NYManagementOptions
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Mid-September• 5-10dapplicationschedule• 7DTH
NYManagementOptions
BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.BrownMarmoratedStinkBug
Management
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• AspectsofBMSBEcology&Biology
• AgriculturalMonitoring/Scouting
• DefiningStinkBugInjury
• DirectedApplications&Efficacy
• Novel/Innovation(Research)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AttractandKillNettinginOrchardDuelPheromone+Insecticide
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AttractandKillNettinginOrchardDuelPheromone+Insecticide
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
AxisTitle
CombinedSeasonalTrapCapturesUsingPheromoneandPheromone+Light
Studies of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), in New York State 2016
(September–15October:TotalBMSB=12,894
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
MonitoringtheStinkBugComplexUsingFreeStandingSolarLEDATK+Phermone
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
IncludingSolarLEDauto-onwithATK/pher.increasesBMSBcaptures
Attract&KilloftheStinkBugComplexToReduceBMSBPopulationsAlongtheOrchardEdge
2274
11291025
BMSBTrapCaptures/Trap/Da
y
BMSBTrapCaptures/Trap/Da
y
TrapPlacementATKLEDATKTeddersPanel TrapThreshold
RedistributionofSamuraiWasp,Trissolcusjaponicus(Ashmead)InNYS
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Samuraiwasp,Trissolcusjaponicus,isan
eggparasitoidoftheBMSB
• Lays1eggintoeachBMSBegg
• WasplarvafeedonBMSBnymph
• AdultwaspemergesfromBMSBeggs
• Canhave5generations/year
RedistributionofSamuraiWasp,Trissolcusjaponicus(Ashmead)InNYS
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Samuraiwasp,Trissolcusjaponicus,isan
eggparasitoidoftheBMSB
• Lays1eggintoeachBMSBegg
• WasplarvafeedonBMSBnymph
• AdultwaspemergesfromBMSBeggs
• Canhave5generations/yearLivealongthewoodededgeofAg.
ResidesinBMSBdeciduoustreehosts
Limitedexposiuretoinsecticides
BiologicalControloftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBug,Halyomorphahalys(Stål)InNYState.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
2mmTrissolcusjaponicus
IntroductiontoTrissolcusjaponicus(SamuraiWasp)ForBMSBManagement?
• In2014adventivepopulations(wild)ofT.japonicuswerefoundinBeltsville,MDusingsentinelBMSBeggs
(TalamasEJ,HerlihyMV,DieckhoffC,HoelmerKA,BuffingtonML,BonM-C,WeberDC(2015)Trissolcusjaponicus(Ashmead)emergesinNorthAmerica.JournalofHymenopteraResearch43:119-128.https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.43.4661)
• In2015T.japonicuswerefoundinVancouver,WA,WashingtonDCandWinchester,VA,.
• In2016,T.japonicuswasalsofoundinWV,MD,NJandNYintheEast,andORintheWest.
TrissolcusjaponicusFieldRecoverySitesintheUS
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
MonroeCo.
OrleansCo.
OrangeCo.
UlsterCo. Dutchess
Co.
ColumbiaCo.
2017SentinelEggPlacement
11NYSSites
WayneCo.
OntarioCo.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
NYSDECLiberationofWildlifePermit(July2017)
Afterin-depthreviewofapplicableprovisionsoftheEnvironmentalConservationLaw(ECL)andCodes,RulesandRegulationsoftheStateofNewYork(NYCRR),DEChasconcludedthatitsregulatoryauthorityextendstotheissuanceofpermitsforthereleaseofspecificallydefinedspeciesofwildlifeandlistedendangered,threatened,and/orinvasivespecies.WildlifeisdefinedinECLS11-0103.Endangeredandthreatedspeciesareidentifiedin6NYCRRPart182,andlistedinvasivespeciesareidentifiedin6NYCRRPart575.DEChasrecentlyconcludedthattheirstatutoryandregulatoryframeworkaroundtheLiberationofWildlifePermitregulatingreleaseofbiologicalssuchasinsectsdoesnotgenerallyapplytoreleasinginsectsintothewild,solongastheproposedreleaseisnotofaninsectthatislistedoneithertheendangeredorinvasivespecieslistings.UponreviewbytheDEC,theadventiveT.japonicuspopulationdoesnotrequirealicenseorpermitfromDECtoundertakethemovementandreleaseoftheSamuraiwasp,asitisnotlistedwithin6NYCRR575.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• MarlboroT.japonicususedtodevelopcolonyandparasitize-80oCBMSBeggs.
• FixedparasitizedeggstopetridishlidaddedziptieforRTmailingandemergence.
• Parasitizedeggssenttocooperatorson15thSeptember.
• Parasitizedeggsplacedon32sitesof25farmsin5NYcounties.
TrissolcusjaponicusReleaseSitesoftheBrownMarmoratedStinkBuginNewYorkState
2017ParasitizedEggParasitoidRelease‘Redistribution’
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
MonroeCo.OrleansCo.
OrangeCo.
UlsterCo.
DutchessCo.
ColumbiaCo.
2017 NYT.japonicusRedistribution
SentinelEgg(SE)PlacementSamuraiWaspReleaseSites2017SERecapture2018SERecapture
SullivanCo.
SamuraiWaspRedistributionSites2017-2018CitizenScience(N=29),Agricultural(N=34)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
DrapeNetInsectExclusionStudyStinkBugExclusion
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
DrapeNetInsectExclusionStudyStinkBugExclusion
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
HudsonValleyResearchLab• ScabResistantBlock• 11VarietiesonG.11• 2018DrapeNetStudy
• InsectExclusion
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
DrapeNetInsectExclusionStudySamuraiWaspConservation
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