isbn 92-9083-231-2 (web version)cufaro/scientific/2004_epac.pdfabreu, natalia lnls natalia@lnls.br...

ISBN 92-9083-231-2 (Web version) ISBN 92-9083-232-0 (CD-ROM version)

Copyright © 2004 by EPAC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of EPAC, except as stated below. Single photocopies of single articles may be made for private study or research. Illustrations and short extracts from the text of individual contributions may be copied provided that the source is acknowledged and the permission of EPAC is obtained. Published by the European Physical Society Accelerators Group (EPS-AG) and CERN.

CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION

Organized byPaul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen

Under the Auspices ofEuropean Physical Society

Supported by

BESSY INFNCCLRC (ISIS & ASTeC) MSL

CEA DSM NovartisCERN PSIDESY Roche

ELETTRA Synchrotron SoleilESRF Serono

FZ Jülich Swiss International Air LinesFZ Karlsruhe Syngenta

GSI

Chairman Organizing Committee Leonid�Rivkin, PSIChairman Scientific Programme Committee Christopher Prior, ASTeC CCLRC RAL & Trinity College OxfordChairman Local Organizing Committee Hans-Arno Synal, ETH & PSIEPAC Conference Coordinator Christine Petit-Jean-Genaz, CERN

ORGANIZING COMMITTEEC.�Biscari, INFN-LNF, K. Blasche*, GSI, C.�Bocchetta*, Sincrotrone Trieste, J. Bordas, LSB-IFAE, R.�Brinkmann*,DESY, H.�Danared*, MSL, J.-P.�Delahaye*, CERN, J.-M.�Lagniel*, CEA, E.�Lee*, LBNL, A.�Mosnier*, CEA,S.P.�Møller*, ISA, W.�Namkung, PAL, C.�Pagani*, LASA-INFN, Ch. Petit-Jean-Genaz*, CERN, C. Prior*, ASTeCCCLRC RAL & Trinity College Oxford, F.�Ruggiero*, CERN, Y.�Shatunov, BINP, R.�Siemann, SLAC, S.�Smith*,ASTeC CLRC DL, H.-A.�Synal*, ETH & PSI, U.�Van�Rienen, U. Rostock, T. Weiland, TU-Darmstadt, A.�Wrulich,EPFL & PSI* Member of the Scientific Programme Committee

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEEA.�Adelmann, PSI, M.�Bugmann, PSI, J.�Chrin, PSI, P.�Dietrich, PSI, M.�Heiniger, PSI, C.�Petit-Jean-Genaz, CERN,J.�Poole,�CERN L.�Rivkin, PSI, G.�Schneider, Conventus, D.�Vermeulen, PSI, A.�Wrulich, EPFL and PSI

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARDN. Angert, GSI, R.�Assmann, CERN, J.�Bergoz, Bergoz Inst., F.�Bordry, CERN, P.�Burrows, QMUL, J.�Byrd, LBNL,Y.�Cho, ANL, L.�Dallin, CLS, D.�Dinev, INRNE, R.�Eichler, PSI, P.�Elleaume, ESRF, M.�Eriksson, MAX-lab,J.X.�Fang, IHIP, Beijing, G.�Fortuna, INFN-LNL, J.�Hangst, IPA, Aarhus, H.�Henke, TU- Berlin, N.�Holtkamp, ORNL,A.�Jackson, ALS, T.�Katayama, INS, Tokyo, D.�Krämer, BESSY, S.�Kulinski, Soltan Inst., S.Y.�Lee, IUCF, M.-P.�Level, Soleil, T.�Linnecar, CERN, G. Luijckx, NIKHEF-K, P.�Maccioni, CERCA, R.�Maier, FZJ, I.�Meshkov, JINR,Y.�Mori, KEK, S.�Nath, LANL, P.�O’Shea, U. Maryland, S.�Ozaki, BNL, R. Penco, Ansaldo, F. Perez, FZK-ISS,L.�Picardi, ENEA, N. Pichoff, CEA, M.�Poole, ASTeC CLRC DL, P.�Raimondi, INFN-LNF, U. Ratzinger, IAP,T.�Raubenheimer, SLAC, D.�Reistad, TSL, G.�Ryckewaert, U. Louvain, P.�Schmüser, DESY, B.�Sharkov, ITEP,Moscow, H.�Tanaka, JASRI, S.�Tazzari, U. Roma II, M.�Tigner, U. Cornell, A.�Tkatchenko, IPN, N.�Vinokurov, BINP,R.�Walker, Diamond, J. Wei, BNL, T.�Weis, U. Dortmund, F.�Willeke, DESY, Y. Yamazaki, J-PARC, K.�Yokoya,KEK, C.�Zhang, BEPC, F.�Zimmermann, CERN

EDITORIAL BOARDJ.�Chrin, PSI, Ch.�Petit-Jean-Genaz, CERN, J.�Poole, CERN, C.�Prior, ASTeC CCLRC RAL & Trinity College Oxford,H.-A.�Synal, ETH & PSI

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

ABO-BAKR, Michael BESSY Michael.Abo-Bakr@bessy.deABREU, Natalia LNLS natalia@lnls.brADAMS, Dean CCLRC RAL Dean.Adams@rl.ac.ukADELMANN, Andreas Paul Scherrer Institut andreas.adelmann@psi.chADOLPHSEN, Chris SLAC star@slac.stanford.eduAGAPOV, Ilya DESY ilia.agapov@desy.deAÏT ABDERRAHIM, Hamid SCK CEN haitabde@sckcen.beALEKSANDROV, Vladimir JINR aleks@sunse.jinr.ruALESINI, David INFN-LNF alesini@lnf.infn.itALEX, Juergen Thales Broadcast & Multimedia AG juergen.alex@thales-bm.chALLEN, Curtis Altair technologies, inc. curtis@altairusa.comANDERSON, Oscar LBNL oscar_anderson@mindspring.comANDERSSON, Ake MAX-Lab, Lund University ake.andersson@maxlab.luANDLER, Guillermo MSL Andler@msi.seANGAL-KALININ, Deepa CCLRC DL d.angal-kalinin@dl.ac.ukANGERT, Norbert GSI N.Angert@gsi.deANTHON, Lars DANFYSIK A/S la@danfysik.dkARDUINI, Gianluigi CERN Gianluigi.Arduini@cern.chARKAN, Tug FNAL arkan@fnal.govARNAUDON, Luca CERN luca.arnaudon@cern.chARTOOS, Kurt CERN kurt.artoos@cern.chASSMANN, Ralph CERN ralph.assmann@cern.chATTAL, Maher SESAME m.attal@unesco.org.joAUDITORE, Lucrezia INFN - Gruppo Colleg. di Messina lauditore@unime.itAUSLENDER, Vadim BINP auslen@inp.nsk.suAUSSET, Patrick CNRS/IN2P3 ausset@ipno.in2p3.frAYMAR, Robert CERN Robert.Aymar@cern.chBAGLIN, Vincent CERN vincent.baglin@cern.chBAI, Mei BNL mbai@bnl.govBALEWSKI, Klaus DESY klaus.balewski@desy.deBALTATEANU, Nicolae Hyperion University nbaltateanu@yahoo.comBANE, Karl SLAC kbane@slac.stanford.eduBARON, Eric GANIL baron@ganil.frBARTH, Winfried GSI W.Barth@gsi.deBARTOLINI, Riccardo Diamond Light Source riccardo.bartolini@diamond.ac.ukBARTOLOME, Maria Sonia CERN Sonia.Bartolome@cern.chBATHKE, Horst Micro-Epsilon Messtechnik GmbH christine.ortner@micro-epsilon.deBAUER, Günter Forschungszentrum Jülich gbauer@ill.frBAUER, Pierre FNAL pbauer@fnal.govBEAUVAIS, Pierre-Yves CEA pybeauvais@cea.frBECKER, Reinard Universität Frankfurt rbecker@physik.uni-frankfurt.deBELLER, Peter GSI P.Beller@gsi.deBELLODI, Giulia CCLRC RAL g.bellodi@rl.ac.ukBELLOMO, Giovani INFN-LASA giovanni.bellomo@mi.infn.itBENEDETTO, Elena CERN elena.benedetto@cern.chBENEDIKT, Michael CERN Michael.Benedikt@cern.chBERDEN, Giel FOM Institute 'Rijnhuizen' berden@rijnh.nlBERG, J. Scott BNL jsberg@bnl.govBERG, Russ CLS russ.berg@lightsource.caBERGOZ, Julien Bergoz Instrumentation bergoz@bergoz.comBERNAUDIN, Pierre-Emmanuel CEA pebernaudin@cea.frBERNHARD, Axel Institut für Synchronstrahlung Axel.Bernhard@iss.fzk.deBERRY, Stéphane CEA sberry@cea.frBERTARELLI, Alessandro CERN alessandro.bertarelli@cern.chBERTONE, Caterina CERN caterina.bertone@cern.chBERTRAND, Patrick CEA bertrand@ganil.fr

BETHUYS, Stephane Thales Electron stephane.bethuys@thales-electrondevices.com

BHAT, Chandra FNAL cbhat@fnal.govBHATT, Ronak MIT bhatt@mit.eduBIRKEL, Ingrid Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe birkel@iss.fzk.deBISCARI, Caterina INFN-LNF caterina.biscari@lnf.infn.itBIZEN, Teruhiko JASRI bizen@spring8.or.jpBLANDFORD, Roger KIPAC rdb@slac.stanford.eduBLASCHE, Klaus GSI k.blasche@gsi.deBLOKLAND, Willem ORNL blokland@sns.govBLUEM, Hans Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. hans_bluem@mail.aesys.netBOCCHETTA, Carlo J Sincrotrone Trieste carlo.bocchetta@elettra.trieste.itBOGDANOV, Alexander Forschungszentrum Jülich a.bogdanov@fz-juelich.deBOGDANOV, Igor IHEP bogdanov@mx.ihep.suBÖGE, Michael Paul Scherrer Institut michael.boege@psi.chBOLSHAKOVA, Inessa Magnetic Sensor Laboratory inessa@mail.lviv.uaBORISOV, Alexander BINP Borisov@inp.nsk.suBOSLAND, Pierre CEA pbosland@cea.frBOSOTTI, Angelo INFN-LASA angelo.bosotti@mi.infn.itBOUSSON, Sébastien IPN bousson@ipno.in2p3.frBOZZINI, Davide CERN davide.bozzini@cern.chBRAUN, Hans-Heinrich CERN Hans.Braun@cern.chBRAVIN, Enrico CERN enrico.bravin@cern.chBREFELD, Werner DESY werner.brefeld@desy.deBRENNAN, J Michael BNL brennan@bnl.govBRINKER, Frank DESY brinker@mail.desy.deBRINKMANN, Reinhard DESY reinhard.brinkmann@desy.deBRODBAR, Debbie APS debbie@aps.orgBROEMMELSIEK, Daniel FNAL broemmel@fnal.govBROOKS, Stephen CCLRC RAL s.j.brooks@rl.ac.ukBROWN, Kevin BNL kbrown@bnl.govBRUNELLE, Pascale Synchrotron SOLEIL pascale.brunelle@synchrotron-soleil.frBRUNI, Christelle LURE christelle.bruni@lure.u-psud.frBRUNS, Warner WBFB bruns@gdfidl.deBUCKLEY, Stephen CCLRC DL s.r.buckley@dl.ac.ukBUECHNER, Andree Forschungszentrum Rossendorf a.buechner@fz-rossendorf.deBULFONE, Daniele Sincrotrone Trieste daniele.bulfone@elettra.trieste.itBURROWS, Philip QMUL p.burrows@qmul.ac.ukBYLINSKI, Yuri TRIUMF bylinsky@triumf.caCAI, Yunhai SLAC yunhai@slac.stanford.eduCALAGA, Rama BNL rcalaga@bnl.govCALATRONI, Sergio CERN sergio.calatroni@cern.chCAMPMANY, Josep CELLS campmany@cells.esCAPATINA, Ofelia CERN ofelia.capatina@cern.chCARR, Roger SLAC Carr@SLAC.Stanford.eduCARYOTAKIS, George SLAC caryo@slac.stanford.eduCASPERS, Fritz CERN Fritz.Caspers@cern.chCATALAN LASHERAS, Nuria CERN nuria.catalan.lasheras@cern.chCAVENAGO, Marco INFN-LNL Marco.Cavenago@lnl.infn.itCEE, Rainer GANIL cee@ganil.frCHACON-GOLCHER, Edwin LANL edcg@lanl.govCHANG, Cheng-Hsiang NSRRC chang@nsrrc.org.twCHAO, Yu-Chiu Jefferson Lab chao@jlab.orgCHAREYRE, Vincent CERN vincent.chareyre@cern.chCHARNLEY, Graham CCLRC DL g.d.charnley@dl.ac.ukCHATTOPADHYAY, Swapan Jefferson Lab swapan@jlab.orgCHAUTARD, Frederic GANIL chautard@ganil.frCHEL, Stephane CEA schel@cea.frCHEMLI, Samy CERN Samy.Chemli@cern.ch

CHEN, Chiping MIT Plasma Sc. & Fusion Center chenc@psfc.mit.eduCHEN, Sifu CAEP csfcaep@tom.comCHOHAN, Vinod CERN vinod.chohan@cern.chCHUBAR, Oleg Synchrotron SOLEIL oleg.chubar@synchrotron-soleil.frCIANCHI, Alessandro INFN-RM2/U. Rome "Tor Vergata" alessandro.cianchi@roma2.infn.itCIOVATI, Gianluigi Jefferson Lab gciovati@jlab.orgCLARKE, Jim CCLRC DL j.a.clarke@dl.ac.ukCLARKE-GAYTHER, Michael CCLRC RAL M.A.Clarke-Gayther@rl.ac.ukCLAUSER, Tarcisio Dip. Interateneo di Fisica - Bari tarcisio.clauser@ba.infn.itCLAYTON, James Varian Medical Systems james.clayton@varian.comCOCCOLI, Mirco CERN Mirco.Coccoli@cern.chCONRADIE, Jl iThemba LABS lowry@tlabs.ac.zaCORNELL, John GANIL cornell@ganil.frCORSINI, Roberto CERN roberto.corsini@cern.chCOUSINEAU, Sarah ORNL scousine@ornl.govCUFARO PETRONI, Nicola INFN Bari & Dept of Mathematics cufaro@ba.infn.itDALLIN, Les CLS les.dallin@cls.usask.caDALY, Edward Jefferson Lab eddaly@jlab.orgDAMERAU, Heiko CERN heiko.damerau@cern.chDANARED, Håkan MSL danared@msl.seDANILOV, Viatcheslav ORNL danilovs@ornl.govDAVINO, Daniele Uniiversità del Sannio davino@unisannio.itDE JONG, Mark CLS mark.dejong@lightsource.caDE MARIA, Riccardo CERN riccardo.de.maria@cern.chDE SANTIS, Stefano LBNL sdesantis@lbl.govDE SIENA, Silvio Università di Salerno desiena@sa.infn.itDECKER, Franz-Josef SLAC Decker@SLAC.Stanford.eduDEHLER, Micha Paul Scherrer Institut micha.dehler@psi.chDEHNING, Bernd CERN dehning@cern.chDELAHAYE, Jean-Pierre CERN jean-pierre.dalahaye@cern.chDEMMA, Theo University of Sannio tdemma@unisannio.itDESMONS, Michel CEA michel.desmons@cea.frDEVANZ, Guillaume CEA gdevanz@cea.frDEWA, Hideki SPring-8 dewa@spring8.or.jpDI GIACOMO, Marco CEA digiacomo@ganil.frDIERKER, Steven BNL dierker@bnl.govDIETRICH, Juergen Forschungszentrum Jülich j.dietrich@fz-juelich.deDOLINSKYY, Oleksiy GSI A.Dolinskii@gsi.deDOUCAS, George University of Oxford g.doucas@physics.oxford.ac.ukDOVBNYA, Anatoliy NSC KIPT uvarov@kipt.kharkov.uaDOWELL, David SLAC Dowell@slac.stanford.eduDRAGO, Alessandro INFN-LNF alessandro.drago@lnf.infn.itDREES, Angelika BNL drees@bnl.govDROBA, Martin IAP Droba@iap.uni-frankfurt.deDROZHDIN, Alexandr FNAL drozhdin@fnal.govDRUMM, Paul CCLRC RAL p.drumm@rl.ac.ukDUPERRIER, Romuald CEA rduperrier@cea.frDUTTA, Subhajit CAT subhajit@cat.ernet.inDUVAL, Maurice GANIL duval@ganil.frDWIVEDI, Jishnu CAT jishnu@cat.ernet.inDYKES, Michael CCLRC DL d.m.dykes@dl.ac.ukEICHLER, Ralph Paul Scherrer Institut ralph.eichler@psi.chEICKHOFF, Hartmut GSI h.eickhoff@gsi.deEINFELD, Dieter CELLS Einfeld@cells.esEKDAHL, Carl LANL cekdahl@lanl.govELLEAUME, Pascal ESRF elleaume@esrf.frELLIS, Malcolm Imperial College London Malcolm.Ellis@imperial.ac.ukELMGREEN-Frederiksen, Henriette DANFYSIK A/S hb@danfysik.dkEMMA, Paul SLAC Emma@SLAC.Stanford.edu

ENDO, Kuninori KEK kuninori.endo@kek.jpESPOSITO, Juan INFN-LNL Anna.Deste@lnl.infn.itEVTUSHENKO, Pavel Forschungszentrum Rossendorf p.evtushenko@fz-rossendorf.deFACCO, Alberto INFN-LNL facco@lnl.infn.itFAIRCLOTH, Dan CCLRC RAL Dan.Faircloth@rl.ac.ukFAN, Tai-Ching NSRRC fantc@nsrrc.gov.twFANG, Zhigao KEK fang@post.kek.jpFARIAS, Ruy LNLS ruy@lnls.brFARTOUKH, Stephane CERN stephane.fartoukh@cern.chFAUS-GOLFE, Angeles IFIC-Univ. of Valencia Angeles.Faus-Golfe@uv.esFAVALE, Anthony Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. tony_favale@mail.aesys.netFEBVRE, Max CERCA max.febvre@framatome-anp.comFEDURIN, Mikhail LSU CAMD fedurin@lsu.eduFERDINAND, Robin CEA rferdinand@cea.frFERNANDEZ-HERNANDO, Luis CERN-EPFL luis.fernandez@cern.chFERRARIO, Massimo INFN-LNF Massimo.Ferrario@lnf.infn.itFILHOL, Jean-Marc Synchrotron SOLEIL filhol@synchrotron-soleil.frFILIPPINI, Roberto CERN roberto.filippini@cern.chFINDLAY, David CCLRC RAL d.j.s.findlay@rl.ac.ukFISCHER, Wolfram BNL Wolfram.Fischer@bnl.govFISHER, Alan SLAC AFisher@slac.stanford.eduFLOETTMANN, Klaus DESY Klaus.Floettmann@DESY.DeFORCK, Peter GSI p.forck@gsi.deFORKEL-WIRTH, Doris CERN Doris.Forkel-Wirth@cern.chFOX, John SLAC jdfox@slac.stanford.eduFRANCHETTI, Giuliano GSI G.Franchetti@gsi.deFRANCHI, Andrea GSI a.franchi@gsi.deFRANCO, Jose LNLS gfranco@lnls.brFREYBERGER, Arne Jefferson Lab freyberg@jlab.orgFRIIS-NIELSEN, Søren Weber DANFYSIK A/S sales@danfysik.dkFUJITA, Kazuhiro Muroran Institute of Technology s1124077@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jpFURUKAWA, Takuji NIRS t_furu@nirs.go.jpFUSCO, Valeria INFN-LNF valeria.fusco@lnf.infn.itGALAMBOS, John ORNL jdg@ornl.govGALLAGHER, Andrew CCLRC DL a.gallagher@dl.ac.ukGALLO, Alessandro INFN-LNF alessandro.gallo@lnf.infn.itGALNANDER, Bjorn The Svedberg Labortory bjorn.galnander@tsl.uu.seGANTER, Romain Paul Scherrer Institut romain.ganter@psi.chGAO, Jie LAL gao@lal.in2p3.frGEHRING, Michael Babcock Noell Nuclear michael_gehring@bn-nuclear.deGEISLER, Andreas ACCEL Instruments GmbH geisler@accel.deGENSCH, Ulrich DESY ulrich.gensch@desy.deGEORGSON, Mattias DANFYSIK A/S mg@danfysik.dkGHIGO, Andrea INFN-LNF andrea.ghigo@lnf.infn.itGIBSON, Paul ORNL paulg@sns.govGIERMAN, Stephen SLAC gierman@slac.stanford.eduGILLESPIE, George G. H. Gillespie Associates, Inc. ghga@ghga.comGILPATRICK, J. Douglas LANL gilpatrick@lanl.govGIOVANNOZZI, Massimo CERN massimo.giovannozzi@cern.chGIOVE, Dario INFN-LASA dario.giove@mi.infn.itGJONAJ, Erion TU Darmstadt gjonaj@temf.deGODDARD, Brennan CERN brennan.goddard@cern.chGOREV, Vladimir RRC Kurchatov Institute gorev@polyn.kiae.suGOUDKET, Philippe U. Lancaster / CCLRC DL p.goudket@dl.ac.ukGOUGH, Christopher Paul Scherrer Institut christopher.gough@psi.chGRANATA, Valeria CERN valeria.granata@cern.chGRAU, Silvia CERN Silvia.Grau@cern.chGRAY, James CCLRC RAL j.w.gray@rl.ac.ukGREWE, Marc DELTA marc.grewe@udo.edu

GRIESER, Manfred MPI für Kernphysik Manfred.Grieser@mpi-hd.mpg.deGRIFFITHS, Stephen CCLRC DL S.A.Griffiths@dl.ac.ukGRIGORYAN, Bagrat CANDLE grigory@asls.candle.amGRIMM, Oliver DESY oliver.grimm@desy.deGUBIN, Konstantin BINP gubin@inp.nsk.suGUENZEL, Thomas ESRF guenzel@esrf.frGUIDUCCI, Susanna INFN-LNF guiducci@lnf.infn.itGUK, Ivan NSC KIPT guk@kipt.kharkov.uaGURALIUC, Anda Inst. of Lasers, Plasma and Rad. andaguraliuc@yahoo.comGUROV, Serge BINP S.M.Gurov@inp.nsk.suHAGENBUCK, Frank U. Mainz, Inst. f. Kernphysik hagenbuc@kph.uni-mainz.deHAKULINEN, Timo CERN Timo.Hakulinen@cern.chHAMDI, Abdallah CEA ahamdi@cea.frHAMPEL, Robert TU Darmstadt hampel@temf.deHAN, Jang Hui DESY jang.hui.han@desy.deHAN, Sang-Hyo KAERI twios96@hananet.netHANNA, Samy Siemens USA, Inc. samy.hanna@siemens.comHARDEKOPF, Robert LANL hardekopf@lanl.govHARTEMANN, Fred LLNL hartemann1@llnl.govHASSE, Rainer W GSI r.hasse@si.deHAUVILLER, Claude CERN claude.hauviller@cern.chHAYES, Thomas BNL hayes@bnl.govHECHT, Dirk Universität Rostock dirk.hecht@etechnik.uni-rostock.deHEINE, Robert DELTA heine@delta.uni-dortmund.deHELMS, Richard Cornell University helms@lepp.cornell.eduHENDERSON, Stuart ORNL shenderson@sns.govHENDRICKSON, Linda SLAC ljh@slac.stanford.eduHENDRIKS, Jimi TU Eindhoven j.hendriks@tue.nlHENNING, Walter GSI h.weitzel@gsi.deHERB, Steve DESY Steve.Herb@desy.deHERNANDEZ, Michael American Science and Engineering sheredia@as-e.comHESS, Mark MIT mhess@mit.eduHILL, Nathan Qi3 nathan.hill@qi3.comHITAKA, Yasunobu KEK hitaka@post.kek.jpHOELZLE, Rainer Forschungszentrum Jülich r.hoelzle@fz-juelich.deHOFFSTAETTER, Georg Cornell University hoff@desy.deHOFLE, Wolfgang CERN Wolfgang.Hofle@cern.chHOFMANN, Albert CERN albert.hofmann@cern.chHOFMANN, Ingo GSI i.hofmann@gsi.deHOFSTEE, Mariet KVI hofstee@kvi.nlHOLLDACK, Karsten BESSY holldack@bessy.deHOLMES, Jeffrey ORNL jzh@ornl.govHOLMES, Stephen FNAL holmes@fnal.govHOLTKAMP, Norbert ORNL holtkamp@ornl.govHONKAVAARA, Katja DESY katja.honkavaara@desy.deHUENING, Markus FNAL mhuening@fnal.govHÜLSMANN, Dr. Peter GSI P.Huelsmann@gsi.deHUTTEL, Erhard Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe huttel@anka.fzk.deHUTTON, Andrew Jefferson Lab andrew@jlab.orgIEIRI, Takao KEK takao.ieiri@kek.jpIKEGAMI, Masahiro ICR, Kyoto University ikegamim@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jpINGOLD, Gerhard Paul Scherrer Institut gerhard.ingold@psi.chINOUE, Kiichiro SLLS inouemak@se.ritsumei.ac.jpIRIE, Yoshiro KEK yoshiro.irie@kek.jpISAWA, Masaaki KEK isawa@post.kek.jpIVANOV, Andrey BINP A.V.Ivanov@inp.nsk.suIVASHCHENKO, Vadim NSC KIPT v.ivashchenko@kipt.kharkov.uaIWASHITA, Yoshihisa ICR, Kyoto University iwashita@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jpIWATA, Yoshiyuki NIRS y_iwata@nirs.go.jp

JABLONKA, Marcel CEA mjablonka@cea.frJACKSON, Alan ASP alan.jackson@mpv.vic.gov.auJAESCHKE, Eberhard BESSY jaeschke@bessy.deJAGO, Stephen CCLRC RAL s.j.s.jago@rl.ac.ukJANSSEN, Dietmar Forschungszentrum Rossendorf janssen@fz-rossendorf.deJANSSON, Andreas FNAL jansson@fnal.govJENSEN, Jens-Peter DESY Jens-Peter.Jensen@desy.deJEON, Dong-O ORNL jeond@ornl.govJOHNSON, Kenneth LANL kfjohnson@lanl.govJOLY, Jean-Marc CEA jjoly@cea.frJONES, James CCLRC DL j.k.jones@dl.ac.ukJOST, Edward IOP Publishing edward.jost@iop.orgKABEL, Andreas SLAC akabel@slac.stanford.eduKAIN, Verena CERN ccvv@jkjkjkj.comKAKO, Eiji KEK eiji.kako@kek.jpKALANTARI, Babak Paul Scherrer Institut babak.kalantari@psi.chKALANTARYAN, Davit CANDLE kalantaryan@asls.candle.amKALININE, Alexandre CCLRC DL a.kalinine@dl.ac.ukKALTCHEV, Dobrin TRIUMF kaltchev@triumf.caKAMPS, Thorsten BESSY kamps@bessy.deKANG, Heung-Sik PAL,POSTECH hskang@postech.ac.krKARANTZOULIS, Emanuel Sincrotrone Trieste emanuel.karantzoulis@elettra.trieste.itKARATAEV, Pavel Tokyo Metropolitan University karataev@post.kek.jpKASHINSKIY, Daniil ITEP daniil.kashinsky@itep.ruKASPAR, Klaus GSI k.kaspar@gsi.deKAUL, Ortwin DESY ortwin.kaul@desy.deKAWAKUBO, Tadamichi KEK tadamichi.kawakubo@kek.jpKAZIMI, Reza Jefferson Lab kazimi@jlab.orgKEIL, Boris Paul Scherrer Institut boris.keil@psi.chKEIL, Eberhard CERN Eberhard.Keil@t-online.deKEIL, Joachim DESY joachim.keil@desy.deKELLER, Roderich LBNL r_keller@lbl.govKEMPKES, Allison Diversified Technologies, Inc. kempkes@divtecs.comKEMPSON, Vince Diamond Light Source vince.kempson@diamond.ac.ukKESTER, Oliver LMU München oliver.kester@physik.uni-muenchen.deKEWISCH, Jorg BNL jorg@bnl.govKHAN, Shaukat BESSY shaukat.khan@bessy.deKIM, Do Tae PAL POSTECH dtkim@postech.ac.krKIM, Dong-Eon PAL POSTECH dekim@postech.ac.krKIM, Eun-San PAL POSTECH eskim@postech.ac.krKIM, Jincheol B PAL POSTECH jckim@postech.ac.krKIM, Suk Hong ANL shkim@aps.anl.govKIMBER, Andrew CCLRC RAL a.j.kimber@rl.ac.ukKISHIRO, Junichi KEK junichi.kishiro@kek.jpKITAMURA, Hideo RIKEN/SPring-8 kitamura@spring8.or.jpKITEGI, Charles IAP kitegi@iap.uni-frankfurt.deKLEIN, Hans-Udo ACCEL Instruments GmbH klein@accel.deKLEIN, Horst IAP horst.klein@iap.uni-frankfurt.deKLEIN, Roman PTB roman.klein@ptb.deKLOTZ, Wolf-Dieter ESRF klotz@esrf.frKNASTER, Juan CERN juan.ramon.knaster@cern.chKNOBLOCH, Jens BESSY knobloch@bessy.deKOBAYASHI, Toshiaki SPring-8/JASRI tkoba@spring8.or.jpKOBETS, Andriy JINR kobets@jinr.ruKOHLER, Claude Alstom Magnets, Superconductors claude.kohler@powerconv.alstom.comKONDRASHEV, Sergei ITEP Sergei.Kondrashev@itep.ruKORCHUGANOV, Vladimir BINP korchuganov@inp.nsk.suKORHONEN, Timo Paul Scherrer Institut timo.korhonen@psi.chKOSCHIK, Alexander CERN alexander.koschik@cern.ch

KOSCIELNIAK, Shane TRIUMF shane@triumf.caKOSTKA, Barbara Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe barbara.kostka@iss.fzk.deKOVALENKO, Alexandre JINR kovalen@sunhe.jinr.ruKRÄMER, Dieter BESSY kraemer@bessy.deKRASILNIKOV, Mikhail DESY kras@ifh.deKREMPASKY, Juraj Paul Scherrer Institut juraj.krempasky@psi.chKRISCHEL, Detlef ACCEL Instruments GmbH krischel@accel.deKUBLER, Kristina SLAC kkubler@slac.stanford.eduKUEHNEL, Kai-Uwe IAP k.kuehnel@iap.uni-frankfurt.deKUNZE, Marco TU Darmstadt kunze@temf.deKUO, Changhor NSRRC chkuo@nsrrc.org.twKURODA, Ryunosuke Waseda University rkuroda@waseda.jpKUROKAWA, Shin-ichi KEK kurokawa@maple.kek.jpKUSHNIR, Volodymyr NSC KIPT kushnir@kipt.kharkov.uaKUSKE, Peter BESSY kuske@mail.bessy.deKVARDAKOV, Vasily BINP kvardakoff@ngs.ruKWIATKOWSKI, Slawomir LBNL skwiatkowski@lbl.govLA CHINA, Marco CERN marco.la.china@cern.chLAGNIEL, Jean-Michel CEA jean-michel.lagniel@cea.frLAMBERT, Guillaume CEA gui_lambert@hotmail.comLAMY, Thierry CNRS-IN2P3 lamy@lpsc.in2p3.frLARI, Luisella CERN Luisella.Lari@cern.chLAU, Thomas TU Darmstadt lau@temf.deLAVERTY, Michael TRIUMF mapl@triumf.caLAWSON, Wesley University of Maryland lawson@umd.eduLEBEDEV, Valeri FNAL val@fnal.govLEBLANC, Greg ASP greg.leblanc@mpv.vic.gov.auLEBRUN, Paul L. G FNAL lebrun@fnal.govLEBRUN, Philippe CERN Philippe.Lebrun@cern.chLEE, Eunhee PAL POSTECH leh@postech.ac.krLEE, Seishu KEK seishu.lee@kek.jpLEE, Tae Yeon PAL,POSTECH tylee@postech.ac.krLEIBFRITZ, Jerry FNAL Leibfritz@fnal.govLESREL, Jean IPN lesrel@ipno.in2p3.frLESSNER, Eliane ANL esl@phy.anl.govLEYH, Greg SLAC leyh@slac.stanford.eduLI, Ming CAEP flab@my-public.sc.cninfo.netLI, Yanxia CPI Inc. yanxia.li@cpii.comLI, Yongjun DESY liyj@mail.desy.deLI, Zenghai SLAC lizh@slac.stanford.eduLIDESTRI, Joseph Columbia University jpl27@columbia.eduLILJE, Lutz DESY lutz.lilje@desy.deLINDROOS, Mats CERN mats.lindroos@cern.chLLEWELLYN SMITH, Christopher UKAEA chris.white@ukaea.org.ukLOMBARDI, Augusto INFN-LNL augusto.lombardi@lnl.infn.itLOPES, Mauricio LAL - IFUSP mllopes@if.usp.brLOWENSTEIN, Derek BNL lowenstein@bnl.govLÜDEKE, Andreas Paul Scherrer Institut andreas.luedeke@psi.chLUITEN, Jom TU Eindhoven o.j.luiten@tue.nlLYAKIN, Dmitry GSI D.Liakin@gsi.deLYLES, John LANL jtml@lanl.govMACCAFERRI, Remo CERN Remo.Maccaferri@cern.chMACLEOD, Allan University of Abertay allan.macleod@abertay.ac.ukMAHNER, Edgar CERN Edgar.Mahner@cern.chMAIER, Hubert Schulz-Electronic GmbH sekretaria@schulz-electronic.deMANGLUNKI, Django CERN django@cern.chMANINI, Paolo Saes Getters Spa paolo_manini@saes-group.comMANOLA-POGGIOLI, Elena CERN elena.manola@cern.chMARCELLINI, Fabio INFN-LNF fabio.marcellini@lnf.infn.it

MARCHAND, Patrick Synchrotron SOLEIL patrick.marchand@synchrotron-soleil.frMARDOR, Israel Soreq NRC mardor@soreq.gov.ilMARHAUSER, Frank BESSY marhauser@bessy.deMARKS, Neil CCLRC DL n.marks@dl.ac.ukMARQUE, Sebastien CERN sebastien.marque@cern.chMARTI, Zeus CELLS Zeus@CELLS.esMARTIN, Ian Diamond Light Source ian.martin@diamond.ac.ukMARTIN, Siegfried Forschungszentrum Jülich s.martin@fz-juelich.deMASULLO, Maria Rosaria INFN masullo@na.infn.itMATHIAS, Brandin MAX-Lab, Lund University Mathias.Brandin@maxlab.lu.seMAURI, Marco INFN-LASA marco.mauri@mi.infn.itMCGAHERN, William BNL wmcgahern@bnl.govMEDDAHI, Malika CERN Malika.Meddahi@cern.chMELIKYAN, Robert YerPhI melikian@jerewan1.yerphi.amMERMINGA, Lia Jefferson Lab merminga@jlab.orgMERTENS, Volker CERN Volker.Mertens@cern.chMERZ, Wolfhard DESY wolfhard.merz@desy.deMESECK, Atoosa BESSY meseck@bessy.deMESHKOV, Igor JINR meshkov@jinr.ruMESHKOV, Oleg BINP O.I.Meshkov@inp.nsk.suMICHALCZYK, Pierre TPC pierre.michalczyk@tpc.frMIKHAYLOV, Vladimir JINR Mikhail@sunhe.jinr.ruMILARDI, Catia INFN-LNF catia.milardi@lnf.infn.itMINTY, Michiko DESY michiko.minty@desy.deMISHIN, Andrey American Science and Engineering sheredia@as-e.comMITSUHASHI, Toshiyuki KEK toshiyuki.mitsuhashi@kek.jpMIURA, Sadao Mitsubichi Heavy Industries, Ltd. sadao_miura@mhi.co.jpMOLODOZHENTSEV, Alexendre KEK alexender.molodojentsev@kek.jpMONDELAERS, Wim CEC-JRC-IRMM willy.mondelaers@cec.eu.intMONTAG, Christoph BNL montag@bnl.govMORGAN, Alun Diamond Light Source alun.morgan@diamond.ac.ukMORITZ, Gebhard GSI g.moritz@gsi.deMORRIS, William CCLRC RAL a.morris@rl.ac.ukMOSER, Herbert O Singapore SLS moser@nus.edu.sgMOSNIER, Alban CEA amosnier@cea.frMOUAT, Mike TRIUMF mouat@triumf.caMUELLER, Anke-Susanne Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Anke-Susanne.Mueller@iss.fzk.deMUELLER, Norbert IAP n.mueller@iap.uni-frankfurt.deMUELLER, Wolfgang TU Darmstadt mueller@temf.deMUÑOZ, Marc CELLS Marc.Munoz@cells.esMURATORI, Bruno CCLRC RAL b.muratori@dl.ac.ukMURDOCH, Graeme ORNL murdochgr@sns.govMURPHY, James BNL jbm@bnl.govMUSTAFIN, Edil GSI E.Mustafin@gsi.deMUTO, Toshiya KEK tmuto@post.kek.jpMYERS, Stephen CERN steve.myers@cern.chMYTSYKOV, Andriy NSC KIPT mytsykov@kipt.kharkov.uaNADJI, Amor Synchrotron SOLEIL nadji@synchrotron-soleil.frNAGAITSEV, Sergei FNAL nsergei@fnal.govNAGAOKA, Ryutaro Synchrotron SOLEIL nagaoka@synchrotron-soleil.frNAKAMURA, Norio ISSP, University of Tokyo nakamura@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jpNAKAMURA, Takeshi JASRI nakamura@spring8.or.jpNAKAYAMA, Masahiko Hitachi Ltd.NAM, Sang Hoon PAL, POSTECH nsh@postech.ac.krNEFF, Stephan TU Darmstadt s.neff@gsi.deNEMTANU, Monica Inst. Lasers, Plasma and Rad. Phys. mnemtanu@home.roNESMIYAN, Inna GSI I.Nesmiyan@gsi.deNEUMANN, Axel BESSY Axel.Neumann@bessy.deNEZHEVENKO, Oleg Omega-P, Inc. nezhev@omega-p.com

NGUYEN, Quyet Huu Univ. Tokyo nhquyet@utnl.jpNICQUEVERT, Bertrand CERN bertrand.nicquevert@cern.chNIELSEN, Bjarne Roger DANFYSIK A/S brn@danfysik.dkNIELSEN, Jørgen S ISA, University of Aarhus jsn@phys.au.dkNIKITIN, Sergei BINP nikitins@inp.nsk.suNINOMIYA, Shigeshi KEK shigeshi.ninomiya@kek.jpNISBET, David CERN david.nisbet@cern.chNODA, Akira ICR, Kyoto University noda@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jpNODA, Koji NIRS noda_k@nirs.go.jpNOREM, Jim ANL norem@anl.govNORTON, Peter CCLRC RAL P.R.Norton@rl.ac.ukOHKAWA, Tomohiro JAERI tohkawa@linac.tokai.jaeri.go.jpOHMORI, Chihiro KEK chihiro.ohmori@kek.jpOHSHIMA, Takashi JASRI/SPring-8 ohshima@spring8.or.jpOHUCHI, Norihito KEK norihito.ohuchi@kek.jpOLRY, Guillaume CNRS/IN2P3 olry@ipno.in2p3.frOLSEN, David ORNL olsendk@ornl.govONISHCHENKO, Nikolay NSC KIPT nionish@mail.ruORTEGA, Jean-Michel CNRS ortega@lure.u-psud.frOSTROUMOV, Peter ANL ostroumov@phy.anl.govOVSYANNIKOV, Vladimir Leybold Vakuum Dresden GmbH V.Ovsyannikov@fz-rossendorf.deOWEN, Hywel CCLRC DL h.l.owen@dl.ac.ukOZAKI, Satoshi BNL ozaki@bnl.govPAAL, Andreas MSL paal@msi.sePAGANI, Carlo INFN & DESY carlo.pagani@mi.infn.itPAI, Chien-Ih BNL pai@bnl.govPALMIERI, Antonio INFN-LNL antonio.palmieri@lnl.infn.itPALUMBO, Luigi U. Roma La Sapienza & INFN-LNF Luigi.Palumbo@uniroma1.itPAN, Jian CAEP narenxing@yahoo.com.crPAPAPHILIPPOU, Ioannis ESRF yannis@esrf.frPAPE MØLLER, Søren ISA, University of Aarhus fyssp@phys.au.dkPARALIEV, Martin Paul Scherrer Institut martin.paraliev@psi.chPARK, In Soo PAL,POSTECH rf2@postech.ac.krPARK, Ki-Hyeon PAL,POSTECH pkh@postech.ac.krPASCUAL, Ramon ALBA Synchotron pascual@ifae.esPASINI, Matteo Sektion Physik LMU Matteo.Pasini@physik.uni-muenchen.dePAYET, Jacques CEA jpayet@cea.frPEACH, Ken CCLRC RAL Ken.Peach@rl.ac.ukPEDROZZI, Marco Paul Scherrer Institut marco.pedrozzi@psi.chPEGGS, Stephen BNL peggs@bnl.govPEINIGER, Michael ACCEL Instruments GmbH peiniger@accel.dePELLEGRINO, Luigi INFN-LNF Luigi.Pellegrino@LNF.INFN.ITPEREZ, Francisco CELLS francis@cells.esPERRON, Thomas ESRF thomas.perron@esrf.frPETIT-JEAN-GENAZ, Christine CERN christine-petit-jean-genat@cern.chPETRENKO, Alexey BINP petrenko@ngs.ruPETROSYAN, Marzik YerPhI marzpet@star.yerphi.amPETTERSSON, Thomas CERN thomas.pettersson@cern.chPHINNEY, Nan SLAC nan@slac.stanford.eduPICARDI, LUIGI ENEAPICHOFF, Nicolas CEA nicolas.pichoff@cea.frPICKULIN, Eugene LETI eugene_pickulin@mail.ruPIELONI, Tatiana University of Milan / CERN Tatiana.Pieloni@cern.chPIVI, Mauro SLAC mpivi@slac.stanford.eduPIVIN, Roman JINR pivin@jinr.ruPLOUVIEZ, Eric ESRF plouviez@esrf.frPODGORNY, Fedor BINP podgorny@inp.nsk.suPODLECH, Holger IAP h.podlech@iap.uni-frankfurt.dePOIRIER, Roger TRIUMF poirier@triumf.ca

POLOZOV, Sergey MEPHI polozov@dinus.mephi.ruPONT, Montserrat CELLS pont@cells.esPOOLE, John CERN john.poole@cern.chPOOLE, Mike CCLRC DL m.w.poole@dl.ac.ukPÖPLAU, Gisela Universität Rostock gisela.poeplau@etechnik.uni-rostock.dePOPOV, Eugeni A.F. Ioffe Physicotechnical Inst. e.popov@mail.ioffe.ruPOPOVIC, Milorad FNAL popovic@fnal.govPORCELLATO, Anna Maria INFN-LNL Porcellato@lnl.infn.itPRIOR, Christopher CCLRC RAL c.r.prior@rl.ac.ukPROCH, Dieter DESY dieter.proch@desy.deQUAST, Torsten BESSY quast@bessy.deQUATTROMINI, Marcello ENEA quattromini@frascati.enea.itQUINN, Eamonn CCLRC RAL e.p.quinn@rl.ac.ukRAGUIN, Jean-Yves Paul Scherrer Institut jean-yves.raguin@psi.chRAIMONDI, Pantaleo INFN-LNF pantaleo.raimondi@lnf.infn.itRAMOS, Délio CERN Delio.Ramos@cern.chRATHJEN, Christian CERN christian.rathjen@cern.chRAUBENHEIMER, Tor SLAC seryi@slac.stanford.eduRE, Maurizio INFN-LNS maurore@lns.infn.itREDAELLI, Stefano CERN Stefano.Redaelli@cern.chREHM, Guenther Diamond Light Source guenther.rehm@diamond.ac.ukREICHEL, Ina LBNL ireichel@lbl.govREICH-SPRENGER, Hartmut GSI H.Reich@GSI.deREISTAD, Dag The Svedberg Laboratory Dag.Reistad@tsl.uu.seREMONDINO, Vittorio CERN Vittorio.Remondino@cern.chREPNOW, Roland MPI for Nuclear Physics repnow@mpi-hd.mpg.deRESENDE, Ximenes LNLS ximenes@lnls.brREVA, Vladimir BINP V.B.Reva@inp.nsk.suRIJLLART, Adriaan CERN adriaan.rijllart@cern.chRIMJAEM, Sakhorn FNRF neung@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.thRIMMER, Robert Jefferson Lab RARimmer@jlab.orgRIVKIN, Leonid Paul Scherrer Institut leonid.rivkin@psi.chROBERT-DEMOLAIZE, Guillaume CERN Guillaume.Robert-Demolaize@cern.chRODRIGUEZ, Jose Alberto NSCL rodriguez@nscl.msu.eduROHMIG, Peter CERN peter.rohmig@cern.chRONSIVALLE, Concetta ENEA ronsivalle@frascati.enea.itROSER, Thomas BNL roser@bnl.govROSSBACH, Jorg Universitat Hamburg joerg.rossbach@desy.deROSSI, Lucio CERN lucio.rossi@cern.chROSSMANITH, Robert Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe rossmanith@anka.fzk.deROTH, Markus TU Darmstadt markus.roth@physik.tu-darmstadt.deROULEAU, Gary LANL grouleau@lanl.govROUX, Raphaël LAL raroux@lal.in2p3.frRUGGIERO, Alessandro G BNL agr@bnl.govRUGGIERO, Francesco CERN Francesco.Ruggiero@cern.chRUMOLO, Giovanni GSI G.Rumolo@gsi.deRUSSO, Thomas BNL trusso@bnl.govSABJAN, Rok Josef Stefan Institute / Cosylab rok.sabjan@cosylab.comSAFRANEK, James SLAC/SSRL safranek@slac.stanford.eduSAHOO, Gajendra Kumar DESY sahoo@ntmail.desy.deSAITO, Kazuyoshi Hitachi Ltd. kazuyoshi_saitou@pis.hitachi.co.jpSAKAI, Fumio SHI fmo_sakai@shi.co.jpSAKAI, Hiroshi ISSP, University of Tokyo hrsakai@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jpSAKAI, Izumi KEK izumi.sakai@kek.jpSAKANAKA, Shogo KEK shogo.sakanaka@kek.jpSAKAUE, Kazuyuki Waseda university kazu-kazu-kazu@suou.waseda.jpSANNIBALE, Fernando LBNL fsannibale@lbl.govSANTRICH, Alejandro CERN alejandro.Santrich.Badal@cern.chSATO, Akira Osaka University sato@phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp

SATOGATA, Todd BNL satogata@bnl.govSAUER, Andreas IAP a.sauer@iap.uni-frankfurt.deSAVERSKIY, Aleksandr American Science and Engineering sheredia@as-e.comSAWAMURA, Masaru JAERI sawamura@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jpSCANDALE, Walter CERN walter.scandale@cern.chSCARAMUZZI, Paolo Università degli Studi di Milano pscaramuzzi@yahoo.itSCHEMPP, Alwin Univ. Frankfurt a.schempp@em.uni-frankfurt.deSCHILCHER, Thomas Paul Scherrer Institut thomas.schilcher@psi.chSCHIRMER, Detlev University of Dortmund schirmer@delta.uni-dortmund.deSCHLOTT, Volker Paul Scherrer Institut volker.schlott@psi.chSCHMIDT, Rudiger CERN rudiger.schmidt@cern.chSCHMIDT, Thomas Paul Scherrer Institut thomas.schmidt@psi.chSCHNEEKLOTH, Uwe DESY uwe.schneekloth@desy.deSCHNEPP, Sascha TU Darmstadt schnepp@temf.deSCHREIBER, Siegfried DESY siegfried.schreiber@desy.deSCHULTZ, David SLAC dcs@slac.stanford.eduSCHWICKERT, Marcus GSI m.schwickert@gsi.deSCIBILE, Luigi CERN Luigi.Scibile@cern.chSCOTT, Duncan CCLRC DL d.j.scott@dl.ac.ukSCRIVENS, Richard CERN Richard.Scrivens@cern.chSEIDEL, Mike DESY mike.seidel@desy.deSEKUTOWICZ, Jacek DESY jacek.sekutowicz@desy.deSELEZNEV, Igor JINR seleznev@nu.jinr.ruSENITCHEV, Yurij Forschungszentrum Jülich y.senichev@fz-juelich.deSERMEUS, Luc CERN luc.sermeus@cern.chSERRIERE, Vincent ESRF serriere@esrf.frSERTORE, Daniele INFN-LASA daniele.sertore@mi.infn.itSESSLER, Andrew LBNL AMSessler@LBL.GOVSETTY , Andrew Thales Communications andrew.setty@gerac.comSHAPOSHNIKOVA, Elena CERN Elena.Chapochnikova@cern.chSHATUNOV, Yuri BINP shatunov@inp.nsk.suSHEA, Thomas ORNL shea@sns.govSHELDRAKE, Ron e2v technologies Ltd. ron.sheldrake@e2vtechnologies.comSHEPHERD, Ben CCLRC DL b.j.a.shepherd@dl.ac.ukSHERMAN, Joseph LANL jsherman@lanl.govSHEVTSOV, Vladimir JINR shev@sunse.jinr.ruSHILTSEV, Vladimir FNAL shiltsev@fnal.govSHIMOSAKI, Yoshito KEK shimo@www-accps.kek.jpSHINTO, Katsuhiro LNS, Tohoku University shinto@lns.tohoku.ac.jpSHIRAI, Toshiyuki ICR, Kyoto University shirai@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jpSHIRAKABE, Yoshihisa KEK yoshihisa.shirakabe@kek.jpSHIRAKATA, Masashi KEK masashi.shirakata@kek.jpSHIRKOV, Grigori JINR shirkov@sunse.jinr.ruSHIROKOV, Valery BINP shirokov@inp.nsk.suSHOJI, Yoshihiko LASTI, University of Hyogo shoji@lasti.u-hyogo.ac.jpSIDOROV, Alexei JINR asid@sunse.jinr.ruSILZER, Ricard Mark CLS mark.silzer@lightsource.caSIMONOV, Karl FSUE "RPC "Istok" istok-info@fllexuser.ruSIMONSSON, Ansgar MSL simonsson@msi.seSIMROCK, Stefan DESY stefan.simrock@desy.deSINYATKIN, Sergey BINP Sinyatkin@ghost.inp.nsk.suSKOCZEN , Blazej CERN blazej.skoczen@cern.chSKOV, Henrik DANFYSIK A/S hs@danfysik.dkSMALUK, Victor BINP smaluk@inp.nsk.suSMEDLEY, John BNL smedley@bnl.govSMITH, Kevin S BNL ksmith@bnl.govSMITH, Robert J CCLRC DL r.j.smith@dl.ac.ukSMITH, Susan CCLRC DL s.l.smith@dl.ac.ukSOBENIN, Nickolay MEPHI sobenin@mail.ru

SORTAIS, Pascal IN2P3 sortais@lpsc.in2p3.frSPANGGAARD, Jens CERN Jens.Spanggaard@cern.chSPILLER, Peter GSI p.spiller@gsi.deSPREHN, Daryl SLAC dws@slac.stanford.eduSTANCARI, Giulio U. Ferrara and INFN Legnaro stancari@fe.infn.itSTASSEN, Rolf Forschungszentrum Jülich r.stassen@fz-juelich.deSTECK, Markus GSI M.Steck@gsi.deSTEFFEN, Bernd DESY bernd.steffen@desy.deSTEIER, Christoph LBNL CSteier@lbl.govSTEINER, Bastian TU Darmstadt steiner@temf.deSTEINHAGEN, Ralph CERN Ralph.Steinhagen@CERN.chSTEINMANN, Erik DANFYSIK A/S es@danfysik.dkSTOVALL, James ORNL Jim@Stovall.netSTOWISEK, Jan CERN jan.stowisek@cern.chSTRAIT, James FNAL mbruce@fnal.govSTREUN, Andreas Paul Scherrer Institut andreas.streun@psi.chSUBERLUCQ, Guy CERN Guy.Suberlucq@cern.chSUETSUGU, Yusuke KEK yusuke.suetsugu@kek.jpSUH, Hyung Suck PAL,POSTECH suhhs@postech.ac.krSULLER, Victor CAMD vsuller@lsu.eduSUZUKI, Shinsuke SPring-8/JASRI shin@spring8.or.jpSUZUKI, Toshio KEK toshio.suzuki@kek.jpSVANDRLIK, Michele Sincrotrone Trieste michele.svandrlik@elettra.trieste.itSYNAL, Hans-Arno ETH / Paul Scherrer Institut synal@phsy.ethz.chSYRESIN, Evgeny JINR syresin@nusun.jinr.ruSZELESS, Balazs CERN balazs.szeless@cern.chTABORELLI, Mauro CERN mauro.taborelli@cern.chTAHIR, Naeem GSI n.tahir@gsi.deTAKANO, Junpei Tokyo Institute of Technology magnet@riken.jpTAKAO, Masaru SPring-8/JASRI takao@spring8.or.jpTAKEDA, Shigeru KEK shigeru.takeda@kek.jpTAKEUCHI, Takeshi ICR, Kyoto University takeuchi@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jpTALANOV, Vadim IHEP talanov@mx.ihep.suTALMAN, Richard Cornell University talman@lepp.cornell.eduTANAKA, Hitoshi JASRI tanaka@spring8.or.jpTANIGAKI, Minoru RRI, Kyoto University tanigaki@rri.kyoto-u.ac.jpTANTAWI, Sami SLAC tantawi@slac.stanford.eduTARAWNEH, Hamed MAX-Lab, Lund University hamed.tarawneh@maxlab.lu.seTAVARES, Pedro LNLS pedro@lnls.brTEICHERT, Jochen Forschungszentrum Rossendorf j.teichert@fz-rossendorf.deTENENBAUM, Peter SLAC quarkpt@slac.stanford.eduTEYTELMAN, Dmitry SLAC dim@slac.stanford.eduTHEED, Justin CCLRC DL j.e.theed@dl.ac.ukTHIBUS, Jan IAP thibus@iap.uni-frankfurt.deTHOENER, Manfred EAS Manfred.Thoener@advancedsupercon.comTHOMAS, Chris CCLRC RAL c.m.thomas@rl.ac.ukTHOMASON, John CCLRC RAL j.thomason@rl.ac.ukTHOMPSON, Neil CCLRC DL n.r.thompson@dl.ac.ukTILLEY, Kevin CCLRC RAL k.tilley@rl.ac.ukTKACHENKO, Leonid IHEP Leonid.Tkachenko@mail.ihep.ruTKATCHENKO, André CNRS/IN2P3/IPNO tkatchen@ipno.in2p3.frTOCK, Jean-Philippe CERN Jean-Philippe.Tock@cern.chTOELLE, Raimund Forschungszentrum Jülich r.toelle@fz-juelich.deTONUTTI, Manfred RWTH Aachen manfred.tonuth@physik.rwth-aachen.deTORDEUX, Marie-Agnes Synchrotron SOLEIL marie-agnes.tordeux@synchrotron-soleil.frTORIKAI, Kota KEK kota@www-accps.kek.jpTORNOE, Bob CPI Inc. bob.tornoe@cpii.comTOYAMA, Takeshi KEK takeshi.toyama@kek.jpTRIFIRÒ, Antonio INFN- Gruppo Colleg. di Messina antonio.trifiro@unime.it

TRINES, Dieter DESY Dieter.Trines@desy.deTSAI, Jacky(hung-Jen) NSRRC jacky@nsrrc.org.twTSUMAKI, Koji JASRI/SPring-8 tsumaki@sp8sun.spring8.or.jpTUCKMANTEL, Joachim CERN joachim.tuckmantel@cern.chTURNER, James SLAC jturner@slac.stanford.eduUESUGI, Tomonori NIRS touesugi@nirs.go.jpUNSER, Klaus Bergoz Instrumentation unser@bergoz.comURAKAWA, Junji KEK Junji.Urakawa@kek.jpURSCHUETZ, Peter CERN peter.urschuetz@cern.chURSIC, Rok Instrumentation Technologies rok@i-tech.siUVAROV, Vyacheslav NSC KIPT uvarov@kipt.kharkov.uaUYTHOVEN, Jan CERN jan.uythoven@cern.chVACCAREZZA, Cristina INFN-LNF Cristina.Vaccarezza@lnf.infn.itVACCARO, Vittorio Giorgio University of Naples vaccaro@na.infn.itVALENTE, Anne-Marie Jefferson Lab valente@jlab.orgVAN DER GEER, Bas Pulsar Physics sgeer@pulsar.nlVAN DER WIEL, Marnix TU-Eindhoven m.j.van.der.wiel@tue.nlVAN RIENEN, Ursula Rostock University ursula.van-rienen@etechnik.uni-rostock.deVAN ZEIJTS, Johannes BNL johannes@bnl.govVASYUKHIN, Nikita Forschungszentrum Jülich n.vasyukhin@fz-juelich.deVELEV, Gueorgui FNAL mbruce@fnal.govVENTURINI DELSOLARO, Walter CERN walter.venturini@cern.chVERGARA-FERNÁNDEZ, Antonio CERN Antonio.Vergara.Fernandez@cern.chVICCARO, Carlo INFN-LNF carlo.vicario@lnf.infn.itVIEWEG, Mikael Scanditronix Magnet AB mikael.vieweg@scxmagnet.seVIGNOLA, Gaetano SESAME g.vignola@unesco.org.joVLACHOUDIS, Vasilis CERN Vasilis.Vlachoudis@cern.chVLIEKS, Arnold SLAC aev@slac.stanford.eduVLOGAERT, Jos CERN jos.vlogaert@cern.chVOGEL, Hanspeter ACCEL Instruments GmbH vogel@accel.deVOGT, Mathias DESY vogtm@mail.desy.deVOLKOV, Valery JINR volkov@sunhe.jinr.ruVOLKOV, Vladimir BINP V.N.Volkov@inp.nsk.suVOM STEIN, Peter ACCEL Instruments GmbH stein@accel.deVON HAHN, Robert MPI für Kernphysik robert.von.hahn@mpi-hd.mpg.deWALCKIERS, Louis CERN Louis.Walckiers@cern.chWALKER, Richard Diamond Light Source richard.walker@diamond.ac.ukWALLEN, Erik ESRF wallen@esrf.frWANG, Chun-Xi ANL wangcx@aps.anl.govWANG, Fuhua MIT fwang@rocko.mit.eduWANG, Jiuqing IHEP wangjq@ihep.ac.cnWANG, Ju ANL juw@anl.govWANZENBERG, Rainer DESY Rainer.Wanzenberg@desy.deWARNOCK, Robert SLAC warnock@slac.stanford.eduWARSOP, Christopher CCLRC RAL c.m.warsop@rl.ac.ukWEI, Fuqiang Paul Scherrer Institut fuqiang.wei@psi.chWEI, Jie BNL jwei@bnl.govWEIHRETER, Ernst BESSY weihreter@bessy.deWEILAND, Thomas TU Darmstadt thomas.weiland@temf.deWEINRICH, Udo GSI u.weinrich@gsi.deWEISE, Hans DESY hans.weise@desy.deWEISZ, Sylvain CERN Sylvain.Weisz@cern.chWELSCH, Carsten MPI für Kernphysik carsten.welsch@mpi-hd.mpg.deWERIN, Sverker MAX-Lab, Lund University sverker.werin@maxlab.lu.seWEST, Stephen CCLRC RAL s.west@rl.ac.ukWHITE, Christopher CCLRC DL c.j.white@dl.ac.ukWHITE, Glen Queen Mary, U. of London g.white@qmul.ac.ukWIENANDS, Uli SLAC uli@slac.stanford.eduWILCOX, David e2v technologies Ltd. david.Wilcox@e2vtechnologies.com

WILDNER, Elena CERN elena.wildner@cern.chWILLE, Klaus University of Dortmund kf.willedt@delta.uni-dortmund.deWINTER, Axel DESY/RWTH Aachen axel.winter@desy.deWITTENBURG, Kay DESY kay.wittenburg@desy.deWOODLEY, Mark SLAC mdw@slac.stanford.eduWOOLDRIDGE, Emma CCLRC DL e.wooldridge@dl.ac.ukWRIGHT, Ed CPI Inc. ed.wright@cpii.comWRULICH, Albin F Paul Scherrer Institut / EPFL albin.wrulich@psi.chWUESTEFELD, Godehard BESSY wuestefeld@bessy.deYAMAMOTO, Kazuo RIKEN k-yamamoto@riken.go.jpYAMAZAKI, Yoshio Japan Nuclear Cycle Dev. Inst. yamazaki@oec.jnc.go.jpYANG, Jinfeng Osaka University yang@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jpYOON, Jongchel PAL POSTECH jc0927@postech.ac.krYOSHIDA, Yoichi Osaka University yoshida@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jpZADOROZHNY, Volodymyr NASU/IOC zvf@compuserv.com.uaZANGRANDO, Dino Sincrotrone Trieste dino.zangrando@elettra.trieste.itZELINSKY, Andrey NSC KIPT zelinsky@kipt.kharkov.uaZERLAUTH, Markus CERN markus.zerlauth@cern.chZHAO, Zhentang SINAP shaozt@ssrc.ac.cnZHOLENTS, Alexander LBNL aazholents@lbl.govZIEMANN, Volker Uppsala University ziemann@tsl.uu.seZIMMERER, Thomas MAN Thomas_Zimmerer@mt.man.deZIMMERMANN, Frank CERN frank.zimmermann@cern.chZIMMERMANN, Holger IAP ho.zimmermann@iap.uni-frankfurt.deZLOBIN, Alexander FNAL mbruce@fnal.govZOBOV, Mikhail INFN-LNF mikhail.zobov@lnf.infn.itZOLFAGHARI, Abbi MIT abbi@mit.eduZSCHORNACK, Günter TU Dresden G.Zschornack@fz-rossendorf.deZUBKO, Vasily IHEP zubko@sirius.ihep.suZWART, Townsend MIT zwart@rocko.mit.eduZWASKA, Robert University of Texas at Austion zwaska@mail.hep.utexas.edu

NON GAUSSIAN TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTIONSIN A STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR BEAM HALOS

N. Cufaro Petroni, Bari University, INFN Sez. Bari, ItalyS. De Martino, S. De Siena, and F. Illuminati, Salerno University, INFN Sez. Napoli, Italy

Abstract

We face, in a stochastic framework, the problem of thehalo formation in high intensity beams of charged particles.We sum up our recent results on this argument, and in thefinal part of the paper we introduce non Gaussian distribu-tions as good candidates to account for sensible escape ofparticles from the density core.

INTRODUCTION

In high intensity beams of charged particles, proposed inrecent years for a wide variety of accelerator–related appli-cations, it is very important to keep at low level the beamloss to the wall of the beam pipe, since even small frac-tional losses in a high–current machine can cause exceed-ingly high levels of radioactivation. However, numericalsimulations, and a few experiments at high current pro-ton linacs, suggest that an extended, low–density halo isformed around the beam: it is then necessary to obtain amore quantitative understanding of the physics of the halo,in order to control and reduce its undesirable effects. In re-cent papers [1, 2] we faced this problem in the frameworkof a stochastic approach to the collective beam dynam-ics. Charged particle beams are usually described eitherin terms of classical dynamical systems, i. e. by a collision-less plasma with the dynamics of a suitable phase space, orby a Fokker–Planck equation in the phase–space variables.In our alternative approach [3] we propose instead to de-scribe the collective dynamics of the particle beams by astochastic and time–reversal invariant description in con-figuration space. This picture is effective in the regime ofstability, where a balance is realized between the energydissipation and the external energy pumping. The sam-ple paths of the representative particle are described by adiffusive stochastic differential equation ruled by the beamemittance, and the two coupled stochastic–hydrodynamicequation describing the dynamics of the beam density pro-file and the motion of its center are derived by a stochas-tic variational principle [4]. The two coupled equationsare also equivalent to a unique linear equation of the formof a (mesoscopic) Schrodinger equation, with the univer-sal Planck constant replaced by the emittance of the beam.Our approach, starting by an apparently different point ofview, formally converges then to the so–called quantum–like approach to beam dynamics [5]. In the framework ofour scheme is also possible to implement an active con-trol for the beam dynamics [6], an aspect which could beuseful in order to eliminate halos. In references [1, 2] we

have adapted our scheme to a preliminary study of the prob-lem of halo formation and control, and we have describedthe collective, not deterministically controllable effects bydiffusive (Gaussian) fluctuations. In the present paper wemake the hypothesis that non–Gaussian processes, for ex-ample the family of the Student distributions, with longertails and non-zero jump probability could provide a betterunderstanding of the long–distance particle behavior.

STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR HALOS

The coupled stochastic–hydrodynamic equations de-rived by the stochastic variational principle [4] and describ-ing the particle beam dynamics in the stability regime [3]take the form , respectively, of a continuity equation:

∂tρ = −∇ · (ρv) , (1)

and of an evolution (Madelung) equation for the conserva-tive dynamics

∂tS +m

2v2 − 2mD2∇2√ρ√

ρ+ V (r, t) = 0 , (2)

where , if m is the mass of a particle, the drift velocityand the (Jacobi-Madelung) function S are connected by thegradient form mv = ∇S, and the diffusion coefficient isproportional to the beam emittance α: α = 2mD. Eqns.(1) and (2) describe the collective behavior of the beam ateach instant of time through the evolution of both its par-ticle density and its velocity field. Introducing the repre-sentation ψ =

√ρ eiS/α , the two coupled real equations

(1) and (2) are equivalent to a single complex Schrodingerequation for the function ψ, with the Planck action constanth replaced by the unit of action α:

iα∂tψ = − α2

2m∇2ψ + V ψ . (3)

In this “Schrodinger-like” (Sl) formulation the phenomeno-logical “wave function” ψ carries the information on thedynamics of both the beam density and the beam velocityfield, since the velocity field is determined via the gradientrelation by the phase function S.

Space–charge effects

Among the various possible sources of halos, in [1] wehave taken into account the spreading effects due to thepresence of a space–charge distribution in the frameworkof our approach. We have implemented the Sl-equation (3)

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1 2 3 4 5

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

s

s w2�s�

Figure 1: The radial distribution sw2(s) compared withthe distribution in absence of space charge (dashed line)for a strong space-charge strength . All quantities are di-mensionless.

in a cylindrically symmetric configuration and coupled itwith the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic fieldgenerated by the charge distribution. We have thus ob-tained two nonlinear coupled equations. Considering thestationary distribution of the particle density, we have ob-tained that the density profile associated to the presence ofspace–charge is sensibly spread with respect to the Gaus-sian profile obtained if space–charge is absent (see Fig. 1).The distribution exhibits a larger dispersion, and we haveshown that, for sufficiently intense charge density, we canfind up to 105 particles per meter beyond a distance of 10σ(with σ denoting the width of the Gaussian core), at vari-ance with the zero particles in absence of charge effects.

Stationary halo distributions

The solutions discussed in the previous subsection havebeen obtained through a numerical approach, because thenonlinearly coupled equations do not allow for exact ana-lytical solutions. In the same reference [1] we have thenalso employed a variational technique to obtain an approx-imate analytical version of the numerical solution for thedensity profile. In fact, an analytic expression for the den-sity profile leads to analytical forms for the drift velocityand the generating potential, which in turn are needed ifone wish to engineer a controlling mechanism to eliminatethe halo. We have then optimized a reasonable test formfor the density profile, and we have found that the varia-tional solutions show the presence of a node in the densityprofile, and a corresponding singularity in the potential. Anode can be the signature for the presence of a ring–shapedhalo, well separated by the core; in fact, it is completelyopen the question if halo is due to long tails in the den-sity distribution, or if a true halo must be separated fromthe core. On the other hand, we have obtained a tail byspace–charge effects, which however are not the only pos-sible source of halo. Then, in the spirit of a preliminary in-quiry about both the interpretations, we have reversed ourpoint of view; we have in fact explicitly introduced a re-alistic ring distribution, and we have used the dynamicalequations to obtain information on the characteristics of the

associated potential and of the associated velocity fields.The potential exhibits an extra relative maximum if com-pared with the harmonic one, while in correspondence thevelocity field exhibits a “bump” with respect to the straight(linear) behavior.

Dynamical control of the halo

In reference [2] we have extended our analysis to theproblem of the halo dynamics, considering both the thehalo elimination and its reformation. This last problemcannot be accounted for in a pure Quantum–like (Ql) de-scription since, because of the stochastic extremal princi-ple, a change in the distribution produces a change in thedynamics. On the other hand the Ql dynamics leads todistributions which are stable attractors; thus, the halo, ifscraped away, will be restored in characteristic times, butthrough a not extremal Fokker–Planck evolution. We havethen accordingly modified our scheme: the velocity fieldchanges slowly on the relaxation time scales, while the evo-lutions are ruled only by a Fokker–Planck equation until thebalance has been restored. We got an estimate of the timeτ needed by a non stationary, halo–free distribution to re-lax toward the stationary distribution with a halo when thedynamics is supposed frozen in the configuration that pro-duces this halo: we have obtained τ ≈ 10−8÷10−7sec [2].Since this relaxation time depends on the parameters of ourbeam, a comparison with possibly measured phenomeno-logical times could constitute a good check on the sound-ness of the model. We have also begun to analyze possibletransitions from a beam with halo toward a halo–free one,putting an emphasis on the possible dynamics which allowsthis halo elimination.

NON GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTIONS

Non gaussian stationary states

Values of the maximum-to-RMS ratio as large as 10 or12 have been observed in simulations and it is generallyagreed that this is called halo (see [8] p. 286). Hence thereare good reasons to try non gaussian transverse distribu-tions with longer tails so that the probability of finding par-ticles far away from the beam axis becomes larger. Gener-alized Student distributions Σ(ν; a2)

f(x) =Γ

(ν+12

)

√π Γ

(ν2

)aν

(a2 + x2)ν+12

, ν > 0. (4)

are good candidates. They have finite variance σ2 only forν > 2 and a2 = (ν − 2)σ2. Moreover Σ(ν, (ν − 2)σ2)converges in distribution to N (0, σ2) for ν → +∞. Theradial control potential for a stationary cylindrical beam:

Vν(r) =α2

2mσ2r2 (ν + 2)

r2

ν−2 + (ν + 10)σ2

4

[r2 + (ν − 2)σ2]2

tends to be harmonic for ν → +∞, and is constant beyonda certain radius. This possibly points to some effect due tothe presence of the conducting walls.

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Levy driven processes

The trajectories of a process with a stationary StudentΣ(ν, (ν − 2)σ2) ground state can be simulated from theGaussian driven SDE

dX(t) = vν(X(t))dt +√

2D dW (t)

with suitable velocity field. On the other hand a differ-ent kind of process can be generated by independent incre-ments with Student law (4) through a SDE

dX(t) = β(X(t))dt + γ dS(t)

where dS(t) is distributed according to Σ(ν; a2), and β(x)is a suitable velocity field. No complete theory is availablefor a Levy driven stochastic mechanics.

The Student distributions Σ(ν; a2) are infinitely divisi-ble (Levy distributions) [9]. Hence they are possible limitdistributions of row-sums of r.v.’s, but different from thegaussian. As every infinitely divisible law, the Σ(ν; a2)are possible distributions of the increments of a Markovprocess with independent increments (Levy process) [10].Non-gaussian Levy processes have moving discontinuities:only gaussian Levy processes have almost every trajec-tory everywhere continuous [11]. The standard exampleof a non-gaussian Levy process is the compound Poissonprocess. The rate of occurrence, and the height of themoving discontinuities are regulated by the Levy functionLt(x) characteristic of a given process with independentincrements [11]. However the Levy function of a StudentΣ(ν; a2) process is not explicitly known.

Discontinuities in these processes can be used to de-scribe the occasional escape of particles out from an other-wise well collimated beam in an accelerator. Moreover, bysuitably tuning the parameters (a and ν) we can also keepthe transverse distribution of the beam reasonably close to agaussian. We can contrast the trajectories for both a Gaussand a Student process with comparable dispersions. In theFigures 2, 3 a few examples of the Student trajectories areproduced. Since for fixed a the Student variance (whichdiverges for 0 < ν ≤ 2) is a decreasing function of ν, it isapparent that also the jump probability and their length willgenerally decrease with ν. The Figures for ν > 2 (finite,decreasing variance) are selected among the possible casesby excluding all the trajectories showing an almost gaus-sian behavior. For ν > 2 several trials are needed beforegetting a trajectory definitely drifting away from the beamcore.

In this model we suppose that a Student-Levy noisewill be active only inside the beam, while beyond a givendistance from the core the process will be driven by aGauss noise; moreover the velocity field attracts the trajec-tory back toward the core only in its neighborhood, whilebeyond a given distance the process is just a free diffu-sion. Remark that in this example the Gaussian trajectorieswould be essentially that of an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck pro-cess.

-300

-200

-100

Figure 2: Student process with ν = 2.0

25

50

75

100

125

Figure 3: Student process with ν = 3.0

We conclude by remarking that in our opinion for a halomodel the possibility of rare, long jumps in the trajecto-ries is more relevant than just the modest increase in thevariance produced by the Student noise with respect to theGauss (almost everywhere continuous) noise.

REFERENCES

[1] N. Cufaro Petroni, S. De Martino, S. De Siena, and F. Illu-minati, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 6, 034206 (2003).

[2] N. Cufaro Petroni, S. De Martino, S. De Siena, and F. Illu-minati, Int. Journal of Mod. Phys. B 18, 607 (2004).

[3] N. Cufaro Petroni, S. De Martino, S. De Siena, and F. Illu-minati, Phys. Rev. E 63, 016501 (2001)

[4] F. Guerra and L. M. Morato, Phys. Rev. D 27, 1774 (1983);E. Nelson, Quantum Fluctuations (Princeton UniversityPress, Princeton N. J., 1985).

[5] R. Fedele, G. Miele and L. Palumbo, Phys. Lett. A 194, 113(1994), and references therein; S. I. Tzenov, Phys. Lett. A232, 260 (1997).

[6] N. Cufaro Petroni, S. De Martino, S. De Siena, and F. Illu-minati, J. Phys. A 32, 7489 (1999).

[7] N. Cufaro Petroni, S. De Martino, and S. De Siena, Phys.Lett. A 245, 1 (1998).

[8] T. Wangler, RF Linear accelerators (Wiley, New York1998).

[9] L. Bondesson, Generalized gamma distributions and relatedclasses of distributions and densities (Springer, New York1992).

[10] W. Feller, An introduction to probability theory and its ap-plications - vol. II 2nd edition (Wiley, New York 1971).

[11] M. Loeve, Probability theory - vol, II 4th edition (Springer,New York 1978).

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