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April 11, 2023
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Identifying dominant measurements errors in
fully automated water networksPWN Waterleidingbedrijf Noord-HollandWater technology
Lucyna Magda
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Content
• Problem definition• Errors in mass balances• Flowmeter In-Situ calibration and its constraints• Vendors who sell this kind of equipment• PWN-state of the art• List of companies who use this kind of
equipment• Recommendations- advice on application.
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Scope of the presentation
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April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Water balance
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April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
∑(OUT-IN)-dS/dt=0
PWN-Validatie ruwwaterstrom 2002
• Up to 70% of water balances are doubtful
• All balances show systematic error-bias
• The errors are in the reach 3000 m3/day
• Possible causes:• Leakage• Additional inflow• Flowmeters
malfunctioning• RESULT OF THE ANALY
SIS
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• April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Problem definition
Malfunctioning field devices, including flowmeters cause process disturbances and errors in mass
balances
When such devices monitor themselves, faults can be detected and reported at an early stage,
greatly reducing their impact on the process.
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Problem definition
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Problem definition
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”
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Errors in mass balances
Faults are frequently not the result of an instrument defect but application-related malfunctioning:
• device selection and sizing, • unsuitable installation,• application problems.
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Type of the errors
1. Systematic Errors2. Accidental and Random Errors
Vendors: gross errors = systematic if proper installed.
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Errors from the flowmeters
Gross error
• e - the manufactory error, • b - a systematic error • x - systematic component of the random error
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Flowmeters types-choice dilemma
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Flowmeters best application
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Flowmeters surrounding errors
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Electromagnetic Flowmeter
(1) U = K × B × v × D
K instrument constant B magnetic field strength v mean flow velocity D electrode spacing
The volumetric flow rate qv can be calculated according to
(2) qv = v × D² × π/4
It follows from equation (1) that
(3) v = U / K×B×D
Therefore:
(4) qv = (U / K×B) × D × π/4
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Flowmeter: Primary and Secondary
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April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Secondary
Primary
Examples of Primary and Secondary
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April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Wet Calibration
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April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
1.
2.
3.
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Dry Calibration- Flowmeter Secundary
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Verification techniques- Flowmeter Primary
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Verification techniques- Flowmeter Secundary
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Flowmeter calibration-a typical calibration curve
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
NameNumber of flowmeters
at PWNExpanded diagnostic
Verification techniques
161 CallMaster MagMaster
Emflux 2 - COMBINED EMFLUX
74 - Field Check
Heinrichs 2 - UMF
16 Optiflux MAGCHECK
Tokimec 8 - TOKYO KEIKI
- - SIMENS VERIFICATOR
Juergen - - COMBINED EMFLUX
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Vendors
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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PWN-state of the art
• April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Recommendations
• How to choose which flowmeters should be replaced:
• Water Balances that do not pass validationand the following set in the importance order:• Plenty control strategic points• Plenty Performance• Plenty Cardio• PT-Monthly Reports• Setpoint related flowmeters
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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PWN- Schematic representation of WRK
• April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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PWN- Schematic representation of WRK
• April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Plenty control biggest importance
Bed water mass balances
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PWN- Schematic representation of WRK
• April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Plenty control biggest importance
Bed water mass balances
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PWN- Schematic representation of WRK
• April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
Plenty control biggest importance
Bed water mass balances
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Recommendations
• Electromagnetic flowmeters at Bergen should be replaced with the footprinted flowmeter
• Electromagnetic flowmeter at Secundairs 9-10 should be replaced with the ultrasonic 3-beams flowmeter
• I recommend periodic pipe inspecions near the extraction point
• I recommend structural changes where it is possible to increas the flushing of the sediments
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
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Similar projects in The Netherlands
• Grolsh brewery in Enschede- Optiflux 4000 and mass flowmeters
• Detroit water and Sewage Department- Mag master and Call Master
• Both cases have been published with positive reviews
April 11, 2023 MSc: Water Resources Management , Lucyna Magda
April 11, 2023
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QUESTIONS?
5 min
April 11, 2023
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Thank you for you attention.
Special thanks to:Ignaz Worm, Eric de Vos, Henk van Duist, Harry Rolf, and everyone else from the Water Technology team
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