journal critique 2.doc

8/13/2019 Journal Critique 2.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/journal-critique-2doc 1/6

GRADUATE SCHOOLMASTER IN NURSING

FINAL EXAMINATION

“JOURNAL CRITIQUE”

NURSING METHODOLOGY

NRS 201

Submitted by:

Arnold L D! G"#$%n Jr RN

Student, Masters in Nursing

Submitted t:

Dr &!ll% G '%nl(l(o

!r"essr

#anuary $%&' Arnold L. De Guzman Jr. RN

8/13/2019 Journal Critique 2.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/journal-critique-2doc 2/6

MN Student

Breast Cancer Beliefs and Mammography

Screening Practices Among Chinese American

Frances Lee-Lin, Usha Menon, Marjorie ett,

Lillian Nail, Sharon Lee, ! "athi Moone#

JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 

36: 212-221, 2007 

I. Background of the Study

$he introduction started %ith a stron& statement that 'reast (ancer )'(* is

+no%n to e the most commonl# dia&nosed cancer and cancer er se is the

leadin& cause o death or Asian American %omen in the United States

)American (ancer Societ# /A(S0, 1223*. $he# ro4ided statistical data that

ertains to its incidence and comarison amon& Asian-orn %omen and 5hite

%omen or U.S.-orn Asian %omen. 6t %as said that there is a chan&e in increase

o incidence amon& Asian American %omen7 that incidence is risin& aster amon&

these racial oulation )A(S, 1228*. $he ollo%in& ara&rahs discussed onreorts on the increase o Asian Americans in the countr# and %h# did the#

choose the seciic su&rou o (hinese Americans in the stud#. Data ro4ided

%ere seciic and orderl#, includin& &loal9international scene to national9local

settin&. $he researchers also ro4ided similar studies re&ardin& mammo&rah#

%hich ma+es this stud# stron&er in oundation and ro4ides aseline data that

led to this stud# o choice.

6n the re4ie% o literature, the researchers ro4ided statistical data ertainin& to

mammo&rah# screenin& rates amon& ethnic &rous in the United States. $he#

seciied dierent studies that sho%ed rates o those ethnic &rous and their

screenin& ractices. Mammo&rah# adherence are aected to actors %hich are

not limited to sociodemo&rahic characteristics, +no%led&e, and elies ut also

8/13/2019 Journal Critique 2.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/journal-critique-2doc 3/6

their luenc# in :n&lish, hi&her education, insurance co4era&e, usual source o

health care, recommendations # health care ro4ides, o%nin& a home, recei4ed

renatal9amil# lannin& ser4ices, as %ell as elie in earl# detection,

acculturation, and +no%led&e o cancer %arnin& si&ns, MMG, and reast sel

e;amination )Lee-Lin ! Menon, 122<7 $an&, Solomon, ! Mc(rac+en, 12227 $u et

al., 12287 =u, "in, (hen, ! 'rintnall, 122>7 =u, Seetoo, $sai, ! Sun, >??@*.

II. Type/Types of Research

$he research stud# is a uantitati4e stud#. 6t is a descriti4e t#e o stud# %hich

aims to descrie the sociodemo&rahic characteristics, +no%led&e, elies, and

mammo&rah# screenin& ractices o immi&rant (hinese American %omen

)(A5* a&es B2 and older and identi# %hich o the ao4e actors are redicti4e o

mammo&rah# screenin&. 5ith this t#e o research, %e can sa# that this stud#

as %ea+ due to its lo% comle;it# unli+e other t#es o research such as

associational9correlational, dierence, and rediction, %hich has increasin&

comle;it# )olit ! 'ec+, 12>8*. $his stud# is considered %ea+ ecause o4erall it

onl# aims to e;lore the relationshis o the said actors. 6t ma# e etter i the

researchers %ould correlate each actor to roduce a more comle; anal#sis andinterretation o the results.

III. Type/Types of uestion !or "#$ecti%es&

$he research stud# ro4ided uestions that %ere simle and direct. $he#

included oth &eneral and seciic ojecti4es. A research stud# must ha4e oth

t#es o ojecti4es )&eneral and seciic* as %hat Dr. 'ella G. anlilio seciied.

6n the stud#, the researchers onl# addressed t%o )1* research ojecti4es that

%ere all ans%ered accordin&l# %ith tales sho%n %ith each and e4er# uestion.

$he# %ere e;lained in detail o e4er# actors in4ol4ed.

8/13/2019 Journal Critique 2.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/journal-critique-2doc 4/6

I'. Concept of Time and Relationship in the Research

Since cancer continues to e the leadin& cause o death %ith reast cancer as

the most commonl# dia&nosed cancer, this +ind o research %ould e eneicial

to %omen, health care roessionals carin& or %omen, and as or the communit#

as %ell to e a%are and ocus their attention on re4ention o such disease.

(ancer screenin& adherence must e oser4ed to maintain health and re4ent

ro&ression o disease, i detected earl#.

'. 'aria#les and Type of 'aria#les

$he instrument used # the researchers %as a sel-administered uestionnaire

that measures reast cancer elies and screenin& +no%led&e, mammo&rah#

ractices, and their sociodemo&rahic ac+&rounds. $he# used the Cealth 'elie

Model )C'M* as their concetual rame%or+ or this stud# ecause o its ocus on

eoles ercetions aout illness and their elies aout re4entati4e action.

'I. Type of (ata

Sociodemo&rahic characteristics, +no%led&e, and elie o reast cancer and

mammo&ram )MMG* screenin& %ere measured # one uestionnaire. $he

concets o +no%led&e and elies %ere deri4ed rom the C'M, %hich included

+no%led&e, ercei4ed ris+ actors, suscetiilit#, eneits, common arriers, and

cultural arriers. 6tems aout +no%led&e and elies o reast cancer and

mammo&rah# screenin& %ere dra%n rom (hamions 'reast Cealth Sur4e#,

%ith items ocused on cultural asects ta+en rom $an& et al.s )1222* 5omens

Cealth Sur4e# and $a#lor et al.s 5omens Cealth roject Euestionnaire. 6tems

o each scale %ere e4aluated and 4alidated %ith a re4ie% o literature, content,

and cultural e;erts, and retested. All scaled had a (ronachs alha ao4e

2.2. $he uestionnaire %as translated into (hinese usin& the modiiedH

committee aroach to translation )Schous-Gluser&, 122B7 U.S. (ensus

8/13/2019 Journal Critique 2.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/journal-critique-2doc 5/6

'ureau, 122B*. $he translation team consisted o three ilin&ual translators.

:ach translated a ortion o the uestionnaire %ith the inal 4ersion determined

# &rou 4eral consensus. 6t %as said that this aroach has een ound to

roduce more accurate te;t translations than translation o sin&le erson or ac+

translation # a air o indi4iduals ut it %as not said in the journal i the tool is

ormall# 4alidated.

'II. )nits of Analysis

$he researchers used the Statistical ac+a&e Social Sciences )SSS Iersion .<,

(hica&o, 6L*. Descriti4e reuencies %ere run or all 4ariales. $he# determined

ne;t %hich 4ariale to enter the inal lo&istic re&ression model, i4ariate anal#sis

%ere conducted %ith each indeendent 4ariale )+no%led&e, elies, and

sociodemo&rahic characteristics* and the outcome 4ariales )mammo&ram

ractices*. (ontinuous 4ariales %ere anal#zed %ith inominal lo&istic re&ression

and cate&orical 4ariales.

C"*C+)SI"*

$o conclude, the research stud# re&ardin& reast cancer elies and

mammo&rah# screenin& ractices is 4er# interestin& since there are ocused on

articiants o a articular racial oulation, %hich is (hinese American

6mmi&rants. Since amon& the dierent Asian American su&rous, the (hinese

 Americans are elie4ed to e the lar&est, the researchers selected them as their

ocus &rou. $he stud# ro4ides e;loration o +no%led&e and elies )ercei4ed

ris+ actors, suscetiilit#, eneits, common arriers, and cultural arriers* in

relation to mammo&rah# screenin& ractices amon& (hinese American %omen

to increase a%areness and inluence the communit# eseciall# to amil#

memers o atients %ith reast cancer to reduce ercei4ed arrier to

mammo&ram. Nurses ma# inluence the mammo&ram rates # ro4idin& health

education to such eole as mentioned re4iousl#.

8/13/2019 Journal Critique 2.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/journal-critique-2doc 6/6

$he research stud# %as uite limited in the asect o the t#e o research,

)descriti4e t#e* ut their result is reliale since the# had a total o one hundred

)>22* articiants. 6t %ould e etter i the researchers ro4ided a more comle;

%a# o research such as correlate each 4ariale %ith one another so that it %ould

e ro4ide a i&&er contriution in the ield o cancer.

BIB+I",RAP- / S")RCS

•  American (ancer Societ# )A(S*. )1223*. Breast cancer facts an figures

1223! Retrie4ed Januar# 1@, 12>B, rom,htt99%%%.cancer.ord9do%nloads9S$$9(AFF12235Secured.d 

•  American (ancer Societ#. )1228*. Breast cancer facts & figures 200"-200"!

Retrie4ed Januar# 1@, 12>8, romhtt99%%%.cancer.or&9do%nloads9S$$9(AFF1228'rF5Secured.d 

• Lee-Lin, F. ! Menon, U. )122<*. 'reast and cer4ical cancer screenin&

ractices and inter4entions amon& (hinese, Jaanese, and Iietnamese Americans. Oncology Nursing #oru$, 81, ??<->228.

• Schous-Gluser&, A. )122B*. $ranslatin& research instruments (ommittee

aroach K ocus &rous. %esearc 'u((ort 'er)ices, >-1.

• $an&, $.S., Solomon, L., J., ! Mc(rac+en, L. M. )1222*. (ultural arriers to

mammo&rah#, clinical reast e;am, and reast sel-e;am amon& (hinese- American %omen 32 and older. *re)enti)e +eicine, 8>, <<-<@8.

• $a#lor, I.M., Jac+son, J.(., $u, S.., =asui, =., Sch%artz, S.M., "uni#u+i, A.,

 Acorda, :., Lin, "., ! Cislo, G., )1221*. (er4ical cancer screenin& amon&(hinese Americans. ancer etection & *re)ention, 13, >8?->B<

• $u, S.., =asui, =., "uni#u+i, AL., Sch%artz, S.M., Jac+son, J. (., Cislo,

$.G., et. Al. )1228*. Mammo&rah# screenin& amon& (hinese-American%omen. ancer, ?, >1?8->821.

• U.S. (ensus 'ureau. )122B*.  .n O)er)ie/ of a *ro(ose ensus Bureau

Guieline for te ranslation of ata ollection nstru$ents an 'u((orting+aterials, U.S. (ensus 'ureau, U.S. Deartment o (ommerce, 5ashin&ton,D.(. Aril <, 122B

• =u, :.S., "in, ". "., (hen, :.C., ! 'rintnall, R.A. )122>*. 'reast and cer4ical

cancer screenin& amon& (hinese American %omen. ancer *ractice, ?, @>-?>.

• =u, M., Seetoo, A.D., $sai, (., ! Sun, (. )>??@*. Sociodemo&rahic

redictors o aanicolaou smear test and mammo&rah# use amon& %omeno (hinese descent in Southeastern Michi&an. o$ens 4ealt ssue, @, 81-8@>.