journal: why study history? what tools do we use to study the past?

Setting the Stage:

Turn of the 20th Century

Industrial Revolution and Imperialism

Journal:

Why study history? What tools do we use to study the past?

20th century began with great promise

Technology, inventions Wright Brothers, 1903 Edison, Ford

Science Darwin, Mendel,

Marie Curie, Freud

Mass culture and entertainment

However… One of the deadliest

centuries in human history Some stats:

About 180 million people killed from war in the 20th century

Genocide, nuclear threats

Contradiction between this and greater democratization and human rights

Three Major Themes/Ideas

Industrialization: Growth of industries for the machine production of goods

Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people with a shared culture and history)

Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially

Industrialization

Look at the map on pg. 281: Which countries do you think industrialized

first? Why? What factors lead to industrialization?

The Industrial Revolution

Why a revolution?

Began in England in the 1700’s Agriculture: Enclosures

Improved farming techniques Movement to cities (urbanization)

Industrialization Machine mass production of goods Requires land, labor, capital, and natural resources Good economy (banking) and political stability

Textile production from new inventions Improvements in transportation

Steam driven trains on railroads (1830’s)

Journal

Does technology and machinery improve or worsen our lives? Why? Defend your answer.

Progress and Plight

Urbanization: Growth of cities Factories near water sources

Working class: Poor living conditions Poor working conditions

Growth of the middle class

Long-term effects: Improved standard of living, access to consumer

goods

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcuXs4Zyro0

Spread of Industrialization

Spreads to U.S., Germany, France

Gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries leads to imperialism Need for raw materials Potential markets for products

Long-term: Longer lifespans, better health, greater wealth in

industrialized nations Growth of a middle class leads to increased

participation in democracy and social reforms

Today

Philosophy Laissez-faire: Free market

unregulated by government

Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations Self-interest, competition, supply &

demand

Capitalism: Economic system Factors of production privately

owned and used to make a profit

Critiques Utilitarianism (Jeremy

Bentham): Greatest good for greatest number of people

Socialism: Factors of production owned by the public

Marxism: Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto History of class warfare Goal of communism:

Classless society

Reforms

Unionization Collective bargaining Strikes

Child labor laws

Abolition of slavery

Women’s rights

Education

Democratic Reform

British Reform Bill (1832): Expanded male suffrage

Chartist movement leads to universal male suffrage

Self-rule: Dominion of Canada Commonwealth of Australia Irish home rule US Manifest Destiny

Irish Home Rule

Easter, 1916:Now and in time to be,

Wherever green is worn,

Are changed, changed utterly:

A terrible beauty is born.

--Yeats

Journal It was said that…

“The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire”

What do you think this means?

Rule, Britannia!

Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves

Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.

Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves.

Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPHL4Q86t4

Essential Questions

What were the motives of the colonizers?

How did the imperialists control and manage their colonies?

What were the effects of imperialism?

How did Japan end its isolation and begin to modernize?

Scramble for Africa

Imperialism: Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s)

Two Questions: Why? How? Racism, Social Darwinism Technological and medical advances Diversity of African groups

Berlin Conference (1884-85)

Africa Before and After

Berlin Conference Simulation

Order for choosing territory: 1. Portugal 2. Spain 3. Britain 4. France 5. Belgium 6. Germany 7. Italy

Journal

How successful do you believe your country will be in achieving your goals at today’s Berlin Conference? Explain.

Conflicts

Zulus and British

Boers, British, and Africans in South Africa

Boer War: British won

Limited control (British) vs. direct control (French)

Legacy: Political divisions, artificial boundaries Breakdown of family, culture Loss of land, disease, deaths from rebellions Economic expansion

Europeans in the Middle East

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Crimean War: Britain, France, Ottomans prevent Russia from taking Black Sea territory

“Great Game” bet. Britain and Russia

Egypt and the Suez Canal

India

British East India Company sets up trading posts

“Jewel in the crown” of colonies

Lack of local industry

Sepoy Mutiny (1857) led to the Raj (direct British government control)

Nationalism and division bet. Hindus and Muslims

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU

Southeast Asia

Dutch East India Company in Indonesia

British in Malysia

French in Indochina (Vietnam)

Siam (Thailand) remained independent

US in the Phillipines, Hawaii Hawaii annexed in 1898

Economic Imperialism

China

Japan

Latin America

Mexico