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Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IESFlorence Carré & Luca Montanarella
European Commission
Digital Soil Mapping
Future Directions in
Europe
DG JRC
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM basic principles
European soil context
How DSM can help the European policies?
Who are we? Who are we?
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
CCRDG
RECHERCHEDG
BUDGETDG
AGRICULTURE DG
European Commission
25 Commissioners
The JRC is a Directorate General of the European Commission
Mr Janez POTOČNIKEuropean Commissioner for Research
DGRESEARCH
DGJRC
DGENVIRONMENT
OTHER DGs………
What is the Joint Research Centre?
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
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BGR
INRA
SSLRC
CSIC
NJ OS
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ALTERRA
CSES
EUROPEAN SOIL BUREAU NETWORK
Soil data
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM basic principles
European soil context
How DSM can help the European policies
Who are we?
DSM basic principles
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
To provide quantitative soil data, producible at low cost and easy-to-interpret-and-use (for other scientists and policy makers)
Core
- for mapping;
To elaborate quantitative methods :How?
- for estimating associated accuracy;
Using easily accessible indirect soil information (auxiliary data)
DSM basic principles
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
uncertainty
DSM outputs vs traditional maps
Soil type map
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM principles
Soil observations Auxiliary data
Soil inference system
(spatial, attribute)
Soil attributes Soil classes
Spatial accuracy
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
1142 samples over 3700 km2: contents of Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn
Point observations
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM principles
Soil observations Auxiliary data
Soil inference system
(spatial, attribute)
Soil attributes Soil classes
Spatial accuracy
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Auxiliary data
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM principles
Soil observations Auxiliary data
Soil inference system
(spatial, attribute)
Soil attributes Soil classes
Spatial accuracy
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Regression-kriging Multiple Linear Regression
Yj = a1 X1 + a2X2 + … + an Xn + εj
Soil variable j residuals j
Kriging
Yj
...
... ..... ...
.
. .. ..
..
∑ aiXi
i
.
..
...
..
. .. .. ..
γεj
distance (m)
Sem
i-var
ianc
e
(interpolation process according to spatial autocorrelations of the variable)
Auxiliary data i
Spatially continuous Punctual
Summation of the two maps
regression
kriging
regression-kriging
auxiliary data
residuals
soil variables
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM principles
Soil observations Auxiliary data
Soil inference system
(spatial, attribute)
Soil attributes Soil classes
Spatial accuracy
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Soil attribute map
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM basic principles
European soil context
How DSM can help the European policies?
Who are we?
European soil context
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
The European Soil Context
Make a sustainable use of soil
Main target
Main Political frames
The new Soil Thematic Strategy
The Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy
The UN Conventions on Climate Change, Desertification & Biodiversity
To preserve soil functions against threats
To solve the dilemma producing food while preserving the environment (air, water, soil)
To fight against soil desertification & to preserve biodiversities
To limit greenhouses gases
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
The European Soil Thematic Strategy
It is based on the fundamental that soil is a non renewable resource
The objectives are for the EU countries to adopt specific measures for protecting soil functions against soil degradations
It is been adopted by the EU Commission the 22nd of September 06
The specific measures are addressed in a 10 years agenda
It is built to fill the gaps in terms of soil protection between existing soil related politics
-Basics-
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
The European Soil Thematic Strategy
-Functions against Threats-
Biomass production
Storage, filtration & transformation of nutrients, substances and water
Physical and Cultural medium
Source of raw material
Carbon pool
Geologic & archaeologic heritage
Biodiversity pool
Recognized functions
EC (COM231/2006)
Erosion
Compaction
Salinisation
Landslide
Contamination
Recognized threats
EC (COM231/2006)
OM decline
Sealing
Flooding (COM179/2002)
Agricultural threats
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
The European Soil Thematic Strategy
-Obligations for EU states-
• Integration into sectorial politics
• Precautionary measures
• Preventing contaminations
• Measures to limit and avoid soil sealing
• Identification of risk areas for the “agricultural threats”- 5 yrs
• Identification of contaminated sites - 25 yrs
• Program of Measures
• National Remediation Strategy
PREVENTION
IDENTIFICATION
ACTION
DSM
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
DSM basic principles
European soil context
How DSM can help the European policies?
Who are we?
How DSM can help the European policies?
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Soil threats
Soil observations Auxiliary data
Soil inference system
(spatial, attribute)
Soil attributes Soil classes
Spatial accuracy
Soil functions
Scenario testing/ risk assessment
Market / society Environment
Soil processes
PREVENTION MEASURES
Policies requirements
Delineations
Preventions
DSM
Soil data requirements
Digital Soil Assessment
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Example of applications
Soil threats
Soil observations ‘scorpan’ layers
Soil inference system
(spatial, attribute)
Soil attributes Soil classes
Spatial accuracy
Soil functions
Modelling potential erosion in Europe
Use for forecasting the soil erosion dynamics
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Modelling changes in soil erosion during one decade
Soil threats
Soil observations ‘scorpan’ layers
Soil inference system
(spatial, attribute)
Soil attributes Soil classes
Spatial accuracy
Soil functions
Climate (WorldClim)Biomass (NDVI from MODIS)
Relief (SRTM)
PESERA Model
Potential erosion
European Soil Database
Soil crusting
Time (1990-2000)
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Changes in soil erosion between 1990 and 2000
Work done by S. Selvaradjou
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Conclusions
For Europe
All the threats have to be delineated at the European scale and by EU countries
In order to take precautionary measures against soil degradation, research should be done on
- Soil functions modelling (Working Group)
- Scenario modelling with necessary time series soil data acquisition
For the World
Big effort for delivering maps of soil properties at 90 m resolution
The soil properties should be then used for modelling threats and functions
Consortium of Global Digital Soil Mapping (initiative of ISRIC)
Carré & Montanarella
JRC Ispra - IES
Thank you for your interest!
“Unity in diversity”
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