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Krycklan Catchment study

A field infrastructure for fundamental and applied environmental research

Hjalmar Laudon, SLU

hjalmar.laudon@seksko.slu.se

Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS)

• 30 years of process based research on

hydrology and biogeochemistry (based on

Svartberget and Nyänget catchment)

• Close proximity to SLU and Umeå

University.

Umeå

50 km

Long-term soil experiments

Catchment studies

A field-based biogeochemical

cluster

Krycklan Degerö

Flakaliden

Strömsjöliden

Balsjö

Norrliden

Vindeln

Gammtratten

50 km

Krycklan (~350 mm yr-1)

Krycklan (~+1.5 C)

Krycklan (~100 cm)

Average climate (reference period 1961-90)

Annual

temperatureAnnual

runoffMax

Snow depth

Average climate 1991-2005 compared to

reference period (1961-90)

Krycklan

~+1 CKrycklan

~+10%

Temperture change Precipitation change

Sun hours (reference period 1961-90)

Krycklan (~15 h)

Krycklan (~300 h)

Sun hours

December

Sun hours

June

A biogeochemical landscape perspective

Field based research across scales

1. Transect scale

The role of the riparian zone

Field based research across scales

1. Transect scale

2. Catchment scale

Site name

Stream order

Area (km

2) Mire (%)

Forest (%)

Västrabäcken 1 0.13 0 100 Lillmyrbäcken 1 0.03 37 63 Kallkälsmyren 1 0.19 40 60 Risbäcken 1 0.66 1 99 Stortjärnen Outlet 1 0.85 36 59 Stortjärnbäcken 1 1.30 24 73 Kallkälsbäcken 2 0.50 15 85 Fulbäcken 2 2.5 11 89 Nyängesbäcken 2 3.1 14 85 Stormyrbäcken 2 2.9 26 74 Nymyrbäcken 3 5.4 16 84 Långbäcken 3 7.2 10 89 Åhedbäcken 3 14 5 90 Övre Krycklan 4 20 14 83 Krycklan 4 68 8 88

18 monitored streams

The boreal landscape mosaic

Forest ~75% Wetlands ~25%

Site name

Stream order

Area (km

2) Mire (%)

Forest (%)

Västrabäcken 1 0.13 0 100 Lillmyrbäcken 1 0.03 37 63 Kallkälsmyren 1 0.19 40 60 Risbäcken 1 0.66 1 99 Stortjärnen Outlet 1 0.85 36 59 Stortjärnbäcken 1 1.30 24 73 Kallkälsbäcken 2 0.50 15 85 Fulbäcken 2 2.5 11 89 Nyängesbäcken 2 3.1 14 85 Stormyrbäcken 2 2.9 26 74 Nymyrbäcken 3 5.4 16 84 Långbäcken 3 7.2 10 89 Åhedbäcken 3 14 5 90 Övre Krycklan 4 20 14 83 Krycklan 4 68 8 88

18 monitored streams

Field based research across scales

1. Transect scale

2. Catchment scale

3. Landscape scale

Landscape scale

DOC mg L-1

Airborne Laserscanning

ESA – European space agency

Laser data example

Each marker

represents the

measured position

in 3D where one

laser pulse was

reflected back to

the sensor.

Krycklan Digital Elevation Model

Digital Surface Model of tree canopy

Ground coordinate

X [m]Ground coordinate

Y [m]

Height

over sea

level [m]

Climate scenarios Hadley A (2071-2100)(compared to reference period (1961-1990)

Krycklan Krycklan

Precipitation Temperature

Down-scaled effects on temp and precip.

∆∆ ∆∆P (mm)

-40

-20

0

20

40

∆∆ ∆∆T (oC)

0

4

8HadleyA HadleyB

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

Mellander et al. 2008

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

Runoff [mm/d]

Observed climate

Had A (mod)

Had A (extr)

Had B (mod)

Had B (extr)

Climate change effects on hydrology

Seibert et al. Unpubl.

Climate change (forestry), hydrology

and DOC

Stream pH

Carbon balance

Speciation, toxicity

and export of metals

Aquatic biodiversity

Flux of POP:s

Energy mobilization

Connecting terrestrial

and aquatic systems

Human perturbation

Snow to soil

•Snow and soil frost modeling [Mellander]

•N uptake from snow pack [Forsum]•Partitioning of water [Laudon]

•Snow melt modeling [Grabs/Seibert]

•Dioxins in snow and snow melt [Wiberg]

Carbon and NitrogenLandscape control on DOC [Buffam] •Flux and variability of DOC [Ågren] •

Bioavailability of DOC in streams [Berggren] •CO2 and catchment character [Wallin] •Landscape regulation on N [Petrone] •

EcohydrologyLandscape distribution of fish [Buffam] •Invertebrate and natural acidity [Petrin] •

Riparian zone and river functionality [McKie] •Riparian plant and hydrology relationship [Bouillet] •

Hydrology Distributed modeling [Grabs] •

Hydrological landscape analyses [Seibert] •Partitioning of water [Laudon] •

Land-use

Forestry & DOC [Dahl] •Forestry & Hg [Bishop] •

Optimization in Forestry [Öhman] •Climate change

• Winter and DOC [Haei]• Winter and CO2 [Öquist]

• DOC Bioavailability [Berggren]• Winter and N [Petrone]

• Modeling DOC and climate change [Bishop]• Climate and hydrology [Seibert]

Air pollutants•N and veg. change [Nordin]

•Acid dep. and fish [Buffam]•Acid dep. and Al [Cory]

•Stream POP [Wiberg]

Metals and other elementsSources and pathways of Al [Cory/Bishop] •

Landscape control on weathering [Brink/Mörth] •

Mn, Fe and redox [Björkvald] •Causes of Hg variability [Meili] •REE and lanthanides [Köhler] •

Soil to stream•Hydrological flowpaths ways [Laudon]•Riparian soil and DOC dynamics [Bishop]

•DOC transformation in wetlands [Anna]

•Sources of 34S, DO13C, DO15N [Giesler/Mörth]

•Nitrogen transformation [Petrone]

•Natural/anthropogenic lead [Klaminder]

•Al transformation [Cory]

•Greenhouse gas fluxes in near stream zone [Öquist]•CO2 at soil-stream interface[Wallin/Bishop]

•U, Th and Ra accumulation [Lidman]

•14C in wetlands and riparian soils [Schiffs]

•REE at the soil-water interface [Köhler]

•Dioxins in soil and streams [Wiberg]

•Long-term modelling of DOC [Köhler]

Scaling from

Small to large streams

Umeå

50 km

Catchment studies

A field-based biogeochemical

cluster

Krycklan Degerö

Strömsjöliden

BalsjöVindeln

Gammtratten

50 km

Degerö stormyr – A full carbon balance since 2002

CO2

CH4

DOC

DOC CH4DIC

Balsjö clear-cut experimentA paired catchment approach

3

4

5

6

3

4

5

6

Tillväxtparken - Strömsjöliden

Strömsjöliden Production Park

Take more of what’s there

Fertilizer optimization

Down-scaling changes in climate

Two different approaches for Krycklan

1. Applying average scaling factors to historical climate sequences.

2.Statistical downscaling using the relationship between surface

observations and historical sequences of large-scale weather patterns.