lab.act fbs iii-2011.ppt

* Ascaris lumbricoides (adult worm and eggs )

* Trichuris trichiura * Hookworm

– Necator americanus– Ancylostoma duodenale

Strongyloides stercoralis -

* Ascaris lumbricoides (adult worm and eggs )

* Trichuris trichiura * Hookworm

– Necator americanus– Ancylostoma duodenale

Strongyloides stercoralis -

INTESTINAL PARASITEINTESTINAL PARASITE

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INTESTINAL NEMATODESINTESTINAL NEMATODES

SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHSSOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS NON-SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHSNON-SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS

Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis, )

Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis, )

Trichinella spiralis Trichinella spiralis

Tissue NematodesTissue Nematodes

Ascaris lumbricoides

Trichuris trichiura

Hookworm :

– Necator americanus and

– Ancylostoma duodenale

Strongyloides stercoralis

INTESTINAL NEMATODEINTESTINAL NEMATODE“Soil Transmitted Helminthes”“Soil Transmitted Helminthes”

TOPICSALL SPECIES OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMITHES

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IN HUMAN BODIES

Matureeggs

Source : Medical Parasitology in Plates. Piekarski G.

Larvae

Migration in the blood

Swallowed

Adult worm

Immatureeggs

LIFE CYCLE

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

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Immatureeggs

CONTAMINATEDSOIL AND WATER

OUTSIDE THE HUMAN(Maturation of the eggs)

MATURATION OF EGGSIN THE SOIL20-24 days

(Jeffrey 1-2 weeks)

LIFE CYCLE

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

Mature eggs

LIFE CYCLE

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

OUTSIDE THE HUMAN

Large size, the largest of the common nematode parasites

The white or pink worm Elongate cylindrical worm and bilaterally

symmetrical Mouth with 3 oval lips with sensory papillae They live from 6 months to 1 year

ADULT WORMS

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

Three fold of the lips and a pair of sensory papillae (Scanning Electron Micrograph)

Source :A Colour Atlas of Clinical Parasitology. Yamaguchi T. Alih Bahasa : Lesmana Padmasutra, dkk.

PapillaeDorsal lips

SubventralLips

Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977Peters W. & Gillers H.M.

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

ADULT WORMS (MOUTH)

Measure (15-30) cm by (3-5) mm in diameter

Two spicules (~ “penis”) - can be pull

The posterior end is curved ventral

MALE WORM

Source : Basic Clinical Parasitology. 1994. Neva F.A. & Brown H.W.

Posterior end

Posteriorend

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

(POSTERIOR END)

Source : A Colour Atlas of Clinical Parasitology. Yamaguchi T. Alih Bahasa : Lesmana Padmasutra, dkk.

Two spicules (SP) - can be pull(Scanning Electron Micrograph)

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

MALE WORM

Measure (22-35) cm by (3-6) mm in diameter

The vulva – mid-ventrally near the junction of the anterior and middle thirds of the body

FEMALE WORM

Source : Basic Clinical Parasitology. 1994. Neva F.A. & Brown H.W.

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

Measure of the eggs, hung up thriving in the intestine Eggs (immature eggs) are passed in the stool Immature eggs are in three form (diagnostic stage) :

Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

Measure of the eggs, hung up thriving in the intestine Eggs (immature eggs) are passed in the stool Immature eggs are in three form (diagnostic stage) :

Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

THE EGGS

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

Maturation of the eggs occur in the soil (20-24 days) : from immature eggs become mature eggs (infective eggs/infective stage)

Soil Transmitted Helminthes : the intestinal nematode need soil for its life cycle – Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis

Maturation of the eggs occur in the soil (20-24 days) : from immature eggs become mature eggs (infective eggs/infective stage)

Soil Transmitted Helminthes : the intestinal nematode need soil for its life cycle – Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis

Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

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Chitine Vitelline

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

THE EGGS

Albuminoid

Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.

Fertilized eggs Broadly ovoidal, thick, transparent shell Measure 60 (45-70) x 45 (35-50) Floating in the satiation salt Shell (wall) are three layers

Outer layer : albuminoid, coarsely mammilated, dark brown

Middle layer : chitine (polysacharida – derived from glycogen)

Inner layer : vitelline membrane (sterole), highly impermeable Source : Parasitologi FK UNPAD, 1999

Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

Show albuminoid layer – thick and irregular from A. suum (Scanning Electron Micrograph) :

Albuminoid layer Structure like operculum Microbacteri

Source :Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran oleh : Zaman V. Alih Bahasa Anwar C. dan Mursal Y.

Likeoperculum

Bacteri

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

THE EGGS

Albuminoid

Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

Fertilized eggs

Decorticated Eggs Fertilized eggs – disappearance

albuminoid layer Floating in the satiation salt

Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

THE EGGS Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

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Unfertilized Eggs Measure 90 (88-94) x 40 , thin wall May be passed by unfertilized

females or during the early period of oviposition of fertilized femiles

Sink down in the satiation salt

Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977 Peters W. & Gillers H.M.

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

THE EGGS Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

Infective Eggs (Embryonated Eggs)

Source :A Colour Atlas of Clinical Parasitology. Yamaguchi T. Alih Bahasa : Lesmana Padmasutra, dkk.Sumber : Parasitologi FK UNPAD, 1999

MORPHOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides

THE EGGS Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs

Embryo

Fertilized andDecorticated eggs

MATURATIONIN SOIL

Infective Eggs

Morphologic characteristic whip-like, so namely whipworm

Anterior three-fifths thread-like, pointed in head; a narrow esophagus along thread-like, have not bulbus-esophagus

A more robust posterior two-fifths containing single set of reproductive organ and the intestine, pointed in anus

ADULT WORMS

MORPHOLOGY

Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura

Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.

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Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.

Spicule

Male Length (30-45) mm The coiled posterior extremity

with its single spicule and retractile sheath

Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977Peters W. & Gillers H.M.

MORPHOLOGY

Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura

ADULT WORMS

Female Length (30-50) mm The bluntly rounded posterior

end Single set of reproductive organ The number of eggs produced

per day 3.000 - 10.000Sumber : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.

Radomyos P., dkk.

MORPHOLOGY

Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura

ADULT WORMS

Source: Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977Peters W. & Gillers H.M.

Source :Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran oleh : Zaman V.Alih Bahasa Anwar C. dan Mursal Y.

Sumber : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.

Measure 50 x 25 , lemon-shaped with plug-like translucent polar prominence

Have a yellowish outer and a transparent inner shell

Floating in the satiation salt

MORPHOLOGY

Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura

THE EGGS

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HOOKWORMSHOOKWORMS

Small, cylindrical, fusiform, grayish white nematodes Elongate cylindrical worm and bilaterally symmetrical Morphology of Necator americanus look like “S” letter and

Ancylostoma duodenale look like “C” letter A. duodenale is larger than N. americanus Single male and paired female reproductive organ Both hookworms differences in :

Shape Buccal capsule Male bursa (“bursa copulatrix”)

ADULT WORM

MORPHOLOGY1. Necator americanus

2. Ancylostoma duodenale

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The posterior end has a broad, translucent, membranous, caudal bursa with rib like rays (dorsal rays) which is used for attachment to the female during copulation – named “bursa copulatrix”

Hookworm eggs cannot be differentiated between N. americanus eggs with A. duodenale

Oval, size measure 40 x 60 µ Outer layer (vitelline) thin Between ovum – wall, clear Daily egg output for N. americanus :

9.000-10.000 and A. duodenale : 10.000-20.000

THE EGGS

Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977. W. Peters & H.M. Gillers

HOOKWORMSHOOKWORMSMORPHOLOGY

1. Necator americanus

2. Ancylostoma duodenale

Necator americanusNecator americanus

ADULT WORM

MORPHOLOGY

Body form of N. americanus look like “S” letter Has the narrow buccal capsule – has teeth as cutting teeth, in form of like crescent

and named “semilunar cutting plate”

Source : Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran. 1994. Juni Prianto, Tjahaya P.U., Darwanto

Body form of N. americanus look like “S” letter

BUCCAL CAPSULE

“Semilunar Cutting Plate”

“Semilunar Cutting Plate”

“Semilunar Cutting Plate”

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Necator americanusNecator americanus

Male Worm : Measure (7-9) x 0,3 mm “Bursa copulatrix” – wide, length,

roundish, dorsal rays forking Owning 2 spicula, its situation close

to each other, barbed back part

Female Worm : Measure (9-11) x 0,4 mm Vulva : at part of anterior, in the

middle of the body Absent of the caudal spine

ADULT WORM

MORPHOLOGY

The posterior end

Female

Male

The posterior end of the male worm (bursa copulatrix)

MORPHOLOGY

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Ancylostoma duodenale

ADULT WORM Body form of N. duodenale look like “C” letter Has the wide buccal capsule – has tooth as cutting tooth, with 2 ventral tooth in form

of sharp-pointed triangular and named “triangular cutting plate”

Source : Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran. 1994. Juni Prianto, Tjahaya P.U., Darwanto

Body form of A. duodenale look like “C” letter

BUCCAL CAPSULE

“Triangular Cutting Plate”“Triangular

Cutting Plate”

“Triangular Cutting Plate”

MORPHOLOGY

Ancylostoma duodenale

Male Worm : Measure (8-11) x 0,5 mm “Bursa copulatrix” – like umbrella

with single dorsal rays Owning 2 spicula far from another,

sharp pointed

Female Worm : Measure (10-13) x 0,6 mm Vulva : at part of posterior, in the

middle of the body The posterior end has a spine,

named caudal spine

Posterior end

Female

Male

Caudal spine

Spicula

Rhabditiform larvae are passed in the stool – as diagnostic stage

Measure 200 x 300 Owning esophagus and bulbus

esophagus at anterior one-fourths of the body

Rhabditiform larvae in the stool

RHABDITIFORM LARVAE

Strongyloides stercoralisStrongyloides stercoralisMORFOLOGI

Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Prayong Radomyos, dkk.Click “Esc”button

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Male worm and larvaeClick “Esc”button

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Strongyloides stercoralisStrongyloides stercoralisMORPHOLOGY

MORPHOLOGY Adult worm

Expansions of the cuticula Expansions of the cuticula at the anterior endat the anterior end

((alae cefalic lateralalae cefalic lateral) ) No buccal capsule,but is No buccal capsule,but is

providedprovided 3 3 lipslips DoDorsalrsal (1) (1) LLateroventralateroventral (2) (2)

OesophOesophagus agus with with posterior bulb posterior bulb (Oesophageal bulb)(Oesophageal bulb) Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.

Prayong Radomyos, dkk.

Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularis ( Pinworm( Pinworm ) )

MeasuresMeasures ((22--55)) x (0,1-0,3) mmx (0,1-0,3) mm

Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977W. Peters & H.M. Gillers

MALEMALE

Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.Prayong Radomyos, dkk.

Single spicule is Single spicule is seldom seenseldom seen

Posterior end Posterior end (curved tail)(curved tail)

Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularis

MORPHOLOGY Adult worm

* Measures* Measures (8-13) x (0,3- (8-13) x (0,3-0,5)0,5) mm mm

* * VulvaVulva in front of the in front of the middle third of the bodymiddle third of the body

* * Vagina Vagina is relatively longis relatively long * In gravid females uteri are * In gravid females uteri are

tremendously distended is tremendously distended is packed with eggspacked with eggs

* Postanal is sharply pointed * Postanal is sharply pointed (formed from hyaline (formed from hyaline tissue)tissue)

FEMALEFEMALE

Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.Prayong Radomyos, dkk.

Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularisMORPHOLOGY Adult worm

* * MeasuresMeasures 55 x 25 55 x 25 micrometersmicrometers

* Elongate ovoidal, * Elongate ovoidal, flattened on one sideflattened on one side

* The shell is relatively * The shell is relatively thick and colorlessthick and colorless

* L* Larvaarvae may be visible e may be visible within the within the embryonated eggsembryonated eggs

OVUMOVUM

Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.Prayong Radomyos, dkk.

Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularisMORPHOLOGY

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April 2006

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