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Lake Bogoria National ReserveWorld Ramsar Site (No.1057)
Integrated Management Plan 2007 – 2012
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012
Lake Bogoria National ReserveWorld Ramsar Site (No.1057)
Integrated Management Plan 2007 – 2012
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Published June 2007
This plan was published with support from WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office (WWF-EARPO.
WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by:
• conserving the world’s biological diversity • ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable • promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption
Cover photos: (top) WWF-EARPO / Catherine MGENDI, (bottom) WWF-EARPO / Fabian MUSILA
© text and graphics: 2007 County Council of Baringo, County Council of Koibatek and WWF-EARPO All rights reserved
The material and geographic designations in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of County Council of Baringo, County Council of Koibatek and WWF concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries.
Editing and Design: Kimunya Mugo
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012
ContentsForeword....................................................................................................................................v
Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................vi
Executivesummary.................................................................................................................vii
Listofabbreviations...............................................................................................................viii
Introductionandbackground.................................................................................................1 1.1Introduction................................................................................................................................1 1.2GeneralobjectivesofLakeBogoriaIntegratedManagementPlan...........................................1 1.3PurposeoftheLakeBogoriaNationalReserve.........................................................................2
LakeBogoriaNationalReserveanditscatchment.................................................................3 2.1Introduction............................................................................................................................... 3 2.2Conservationstatus................................................................................................................... 5 2.3Physicalenvironment................................................................................................................ 5 2.4Floraandfauna..........................................................................................................................8 2.5Environmentalandsocio-economicsituationintheplanarea..................................................9 2.6LakeBogoriacatchmentlinkages............................................................................................10
Naturalresourcesandzonationinplanarea.........................................................................11 3.1Criteriaforresourcecategorization.........................................................................................11 3.2Zonationoftheplanarea.........................................................................................................11 3.3 Justification for the recommended intensity of use................................................................. 12
Managementgoal,objectivesandinterventionstrategies....................................................13 4.1Goal,ObjectivesandStrategies...............................................................................................13
Managementprescriptionsandprogrammes.......................................................................15 5.1Introduction..............................................................................................................................15 5.2Landcover................................................................................................................................15 5.3Livestockandagriculture.........................................................................................................16 5.4Waterresources........................................................................................................................17 5.5Landtenureandlandusedynamics.........................................................................................17 5.6 Human–wildlife conflict.......................................................................................................... 18
LakeBogoriaNationalReserveinfrastructureinventoryandmanagement.....................19 6.1Infrastructureandfacilitiesinventory......................................................................................19 6.2Accommodation.......................................................................................................................19 6.3.NationalReservemanagement...............................................................................................20 6.4Reserveinfrastructuremaintenanceandmanagement............................................................ 22
Implementationstrategy,institutionalframeworkandstakeholderinvolvement............23 7.1Introduction............................................................................................................................. 23 7.2Implementationstrategy..........................................................................................................23 7.3FactorsguidingdevelopmentofinstitutionalframeworkfortheIMP................................... 23 7.4Possiblerolesandresponsibilitiesofthemajorstakeholders................................................. 24 7.5ThePlanimplementationstructure......................................................................................... 25 7.6OperationalizationoftheCommittee...................................................................................... 26 7.7Risksandassumptions.............................................................................................................26
Monitoringandevaluation,activitiesandbudget................................................................27 8.1Monitoringandevaluation...................................................................................................... 27 8.2Scheduledactivitiesandoutputs............................................................................................. 27
Appendices...............................................................................................................................37 Appendix1:TreesandshrubsofLakeBogoriaNationalReserveanditsenvirons.....................37 Appendix2.LakeBogoriaNationalReservechecklistofmammals............................................38 Appendix3.LakeBogoriaNationalReservechecklistofbirds................................................... 39 Appendix4:InstitutionalLinkages...............................................................................................41 Appendix5:InstitutionalFrameworkAndCollaboration.............................................................42 Appendix6:LawssupportingIntegratedManagementPlanning(IMP)...................................... 45 Appendix7:ParticipationindevelopmentofIntegratedManagementPlan.................................47
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
ApprovalManagement plans as vehicles for Rural Development has gained more acceptances in the recent years. This is even more crucial in the area of Natural Resource Management, a very high percentage of conflicts among and within communities is linked in one way or another to resource access and control. Water ranks the top while the rest such as Land, Fuel wood, pasture, salt licks, herbal medicines etc. follow in an order determined by the location.
This country has recently witnessed these conflicts of unprecedented magnitude leading to loss of life and property. This plan has attempted to put in place an adaptive mechanism through which best practices in resource use can be achieved from a multi-sectoral and a wide constituency approach. The Local Authority Service Delivery Plan (LASDAP) underpins the consultative process through which this plan was developed.
It is noted that this is one of pioneering initiative by Local authorities and hence shall provide a learning ground to the rest.
WWF has proven a true partner as they have overseen this painstaking process right from the word go to this moment when its implementation is just about to begin.
The Ministry of Local Government approved this Integrated Management Plan for implementation at its sitting of 25 October and 11 November 2005 as a strategic management plan for the Lake Bogoria National Reserve.
Chairman, Baringo County Council Chairman, Koibatek County CouncilLake Bogoria Joint Management Committee Lake Bogoria Joint Management Committee
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012
ForewordThe Management of Lake Bogoria National Reserve produced this Integrated Management Plan with theassistance of WWF’s (formerly World Wide Fund for Nature), Lake Bogoria Community Based WetlandProject.Thisdocumenthasbeentailoredtomeetnotonlythenationalstatutoryrequirementsforprotectedareamanagementbutalsotheappropriateregionalandinternationallawsandconventions.Itstronglybuildsitsbasisonaparticipatoryandnegotiatedapproachtoissues,processesanddecisionswhiletakingintoaccountthewidescopeofstakeholders.LakeBogoriaisKenya’sthirdRamsarSiteandthe1,097thintheworldunderpinningthewiseuseconcept.Ittookaboutfiveyearsofpainstakingmultidisciplinaryandconsultativeprocessinvolvingasmanystakeholdersasthetimeandresourcescouldallow.
ThisPlancomesata timewhenthreeveryimportant lawsrelatingtonaturalresourcemanagementinKenyahavebeenenacted:TheNationalEnvironmentManagementandCoordinationAct(1999),TheWaterAct(2002)andTheForestryAct2005.Allthesestatuteslayaverystrongemphasisonanintegratedapproachtoresourcemanagementwiththelocalcommunitiesplayingasignificantrole.
ToalargeextentthisplandemonstratesanacceptancebythelocalauthoritiesresponsibleforthemanagementofLakeBogoriaNationalReserveofaparadigmshiftinnaturalresourcesmanagementasprovidedforbytheabovelistedlegislation.ThetwolocalauthoritiesofBaringoandKoibatekCountyCouncilshaveacceptedtonegotiatethemanagementofthereservewiththelocalcommunitiesandsharerevenuewiththem.However,theyalsorecognisetheneedtoworkwithotherpartnersresponsiblefornaturalresourcemanagementatthenationallevel.ItisinviewofthisthattheKenyaWildlifeService(KWS)asthechiefcustodianofthecountry’swildliferesourcesshallcontinuetobeanimportantpartnertogivethenecessarysupportiveandadvisoryservicesandguidelinestoallprotectedareasirrespectiveoflandstatus.ThelocalDistrictCouncilswillalsoworkwithotherrelevantnational/regionalgovernmentinstitutionsincludingtheWaterResourcesManagementAuthority(RiftValleyRegion)andtheNationalForestServiceamongstothers.
Dr. Kwame Koranteng,Regional Representative, WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
AcknowledgementsThe Joint management of Lake Bogoria National Reserve acknowledges WWF for contributing financial and technical support towards the consultation process in the preparation of this Integrated Management Plan (IMP).
Special thanks go to the following people who were members of the Planning Team and worked tirelessly to prepare this IMP: William Kimosop, Maushe Kidundo, Musila Fabian, Musa Cheruiyot, Michael Kangogo, Kunga Ngeche, Sirma Chepkonga, Daniel Koros, Joel Meto and Sally Kibos. Special thanks also go to Mohamed Awer, Nina Bhola and the late Tom Kabii who made invaluable contribution to the plan and provided oversight of the whole planning process and is greatly appreciated.
Special appreciation also goes to Hellen Gardiner, Julie Thomas, Mark Wright, Richard Barnwell, William Pratesi, Dr. Sam Kanyamibwa, Robert Ndetei, Dr. J M Githaiga, Dr. Kwame Koranteng, George Wamukoya, Kimunya Mugo, Dr. Taye Teferi, Anderson Koyo and David Harper.
The Joint Management of Lake Bogoria appreciates the contributions of all her staff, partners, and stakeholders, local community members who were involved in one way or the other in preparation of this plan.
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012
Executive summaryLake Bogoria National Reserve is an important conservation area in Kenya holding regionally and nationally endangered species. The reserve has unique physiographic features and geothermal manifestations due to its geological history. The combination of landforms, biodiversity content, availability of water and forage makes this site important at community, national and global levels. It was designated as a national reserve in 1974 and in 2001 it was listed as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar convention. Revenue from tourism, related activities and other natural resources in the reserve can play an important role in the socioeconomic development of the area.
The National reserve is at risk from environmental degradation arising from unsustainable resource exploitation and ecologically negative catchment-wide processes. The root causes of these problems are poverty, poor land use, overstocking and unsustainable farming systems. These socioeconomic circumstances of the populace and the environmental impacts are threatening Lake Bogoria National Reserve and its wider catchment. The prevailing situation has prompted WWF (EARPO) in partnership with the two reserve managing county councils and the local communities to initiate the development of this Integrated Management Plan (IMP). This IMP will be a template for sustainable conservation of Lake Bogoria National Reserve, and will involve the local community and enhance attainment of sustainable livelihoods.
This management plan takes into consideration the natural resources in LBNR, their economic potential and identifies conservation threats from catchment wide processes. The integrated approach to conservation will promote sustainable livelihoods, create new socioeconomic opportunities, harnesses existing ones and safeguard the conservation of the National reserve and its environs.
The IMP plan areas landscape, vegetation, climate, geology and biodiversity are closely inter linked. The socioeconomic activities in the area are to a large extent dependent on the natural resources especially pastures and water that sustain the pastoral economic backbone. Over exploitation of this resources are the main drivers of environmental degradation which in turn has set in motion vicious cycles leading to further degradation and high incidence of poverty in the local population. The linkage between the various ecological components, socioeconomic activities, and effects of catchment wide processes is also explained. The linkages justify the need to extend the plan area’s boundaries beyond the National reserve, in order to minimize the impacts of catchment wide processes. The IMP proposes management strategies that take into account the natural ecological linkages, conservation objectives and needs in designated zones and highlights targeted research to guide reserve management and overall conservation of the plan area while ensuring sustainable livelihoods.
The planning process involved stakeholders to ensure wide participation and ownership of this management plan. The integrated management plan identifies issues that need urgent consideration, proposes mitigations strategies, and identifies appropriate stakeholders and their roles. The IMP has a time frame of five years in which to achieve the immediate objectives. A log frame for executing the IMP components, means of verification, stakeholder responsibilities and approximate costs is included. The IMP also has inbuilt mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating its implementation. This management plan is an adjustable blueprint upon which programmes can be based. It provides a framework for different stakeholders to identify areas where their intervention is needed and their linkages with other stakeholders.
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
List of abbreviationsWWFWorldWideFundforNatureKWSKenyaWildlifeServiceLBNRLakeBogoriaNationalReserveLBIMPLakeBogoriaIntegratedManagementCBOCommunityBasedOrganizationWCKWildlifeClubsofKenyaKATOKenyaAssociationforTourOperatorsEUEuropeanUnionEMCAEnvironmentalManagementandCoordinationActGoKGovernmentofKenyaKARIKenyaAgriculturalResearchInstituteMENRMinistryofEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesNEMANationalEnvironmentalManagementAuthorityMoLMinistryofLandsFDForestDepartmentMOEMinistryofEducationUONUniversityOfNairobiMUMoiUniversityLALocalAuthoritiesMLFMinistryofLivestockandFisheriesMAMinistryofAgricultureNGONonGovernmentalOrganizationMRDMinistryofRuralDevelopment
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Introduction and background
1.1 IntroductionLakeBogoriaanditscatchmentarerichinnaturalresourcesthatincludelandforms,forests,wildlife,wetlandsandpastures.InthecatchmenttherearemoistuplandforestsaroundSubukiathatarethemajorsourcesofsurfaceinflowsintothelakeandarerichinforestproductsandbiodiversity.Thewidercatchmenthasmultipleland-usetypesthathaveundergonemajorchangesinthelast100years.Themoistuppercatchmentareachangedfromforeststolarge-scalecommercialfarmsandranches,whichwerelatersub-dividedintosmall-scaleholdings.Thelowercatchmentwasundernomadiclivestockproduction,whichhaschangedovertimetoarelativelysedentarymodeoflivestockproduction.Livestocknumbersinthisareahaveincreasedovertimeandarerestrictedtoasmallerrangecomparedtothepastherdingsystem.Theselandusechangesandahighhumanpopulationgrowthhasexertedenormouspressureontheenvironmentandnaturalresources.Consequently,thesedevelopmentshavedisrupted ecological processes andhavenegatively impacted the environment.These impacts aremanifestedby severe soil erosion, mass wasting, high silt loads in runoff, agro-chemical pollution, land degradation,deforestation, land fragmentationandencroachment intosensitivehabitats.Therehasbeen increasedpovertyamongst the local community members. The environmental problems have been compounded by the recentexcisionanddegazettementofforestsforhumansettlement.
1.1.1 PreviousmanagementplansandconservationinitiativesintheareaThefirstformalconservationinitiativearoundthelakewasgazettementin1970oftheLakeBogoriaNationalReserve(LBNR)underthewildlifeActbytheWildlifeConservationandManagementDepartment(WCMD).ThemanagementofthereservewaslatertransferredtotheBaringoCountyCouncil.Inthe1990’s,newdistrictswerecreatedandthereservewasputunderthejointadministrationofBaringoandthenewlycreatedKoibatekcountycouncils.ThepartsoftheuppercatchmentwereprotectedundertheforestAct.VariousActsandpoliciesregulatedlandmanagementanduseoutsidetheformallyprotectedareas.
The local community around Lake Bogoria National Reserve had practised effective traditional methods ofenvironmental conservation. Land, water and pasture were communally owned, with strict regulations thatcontrolleddryandwetseasongrazingaccess.Therehavebeenchangesovertimeinlandtenuresystemfromcommunal,trustlandtoindividualownership.
Poverty,environmentaldegradationandfrequentseverefoodshortagesdidprompttheneedforinterventions.StakeholdersintheplanareaincludingWWF,thelocalcommunityandcommunity-basedorganizations(CBO’s)haveinitiatedsustainableconservationpracticesandparticipatedintheplanningprocessforthismanagementplan.
1.1.2 ScopeoftheplanThe core conservation area of the IMP is LBNR. The Reserve has undergone ecological changes emanatingfrommanagementsystemsinplaceandhumanactivities.Theadverseeffectsoriginatenotonlyfromwithinthereservebutalsotheimmediateenvirons.Therearealsootherexternalprocessesthatarelinkedtocatchmentwideecologicalandsocioeconomicfactors.
Thiscatchment-integratedmanagementplanaimsataddressingconservationissueinLBNRthroughanecosystem-basedapproach.AlthoughthefocusisLBNR,theplanaddressesissuesinfluencingecologicalprocessesinthereserve,thecatchmentareacriticalforwaterinflows,wildlifedispersalareasandmigrationcorridors.Someoftheseprocessesemanatefromsocialfactorsanddepletionofresourcesinthecommunityareasprecipitatingpressureonthereserveasagrazingareaforlivestockandasourceofothernaturalresourcestothelocalcommunities.The plan has inbuilt mechanisms for stakeholder involvement, highlights environmental and socioeconomicdevelopmentissuesandsuggestsmanagementinterventions,byidentifyingactivities,resourcesandinter-agencynetworking.Theplan recommends formationofa stakeholder implementationcommittee,with thenecessarytechnicalskillstooverseeandcoordinatethesuggestedactivities.TheplanproposestonetworkstakeholdersandmobiliseresourcestoLakeBogoriacatchmentandprovidesaframeworktoenhancelivelihoods.
1.2 General objectives of Lake Bogoria Integrated Management PlanThesuccessof thisplan is inter-linkedwith thecommunitysocioeconomicstatus improvement,maintenanceof environmental health integrity, and to ensure livelihoods support and continuity of ecological processes.Toachieve this, thecommunities in the loweranduppercatchmenthave toplaymajor role in the integratedmanagementplan(IMP).
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
TheIMPhasthefollowinggeneralobjectives:Initiatecommunitysocio-economicdevelopmentthatensuresustainablelivelihoods,reducespressureontheenvironmentandnaturalresources,andarrestsencroachmentonthebiodiversityinthereserve.Developstrategiestomitigateenvironmentaldegradationandrestoredegradedareasintheplanareawhileprovidingviablealternatives.Encourageformationofcommunity-basedmanagementsystemsfornaturalresourcessuchaswaterresourceusersassociations,toguidetheuseandmanagementofwater,whichisacriticalandlimitingresourceinthearea.Supportthereservemanagementcapacitytomanageandmonitorthenaturalresourcesinthereserve.
1.3 Purpose of the Lake Bogoria National ReserveTraditionallyLakeBogoriaNationalReservemanagementhasrevolvedaroundwildlifemanagement.ThisIMPhasredesignedandexpandedtheconservationtoalsoinclude:
Protectionandconservationofthegeneticandbiologicaldiversityofspeciesassemblages,theintegrityoftheabioticresourcesandinteractionstoensurecontinuedecosystemprocesses;Thelocalcommunityandthereservemanagementparticipationinplanning,developmentandmanagementoftheplanarea;Promotionofcommunityenvironmentaleducationanddisseminationofinformationonconservationandsustainableuseofresources.
This expansionof the IMPscope is important to ensure the reserve isbuffered fromnegativeprocesses thatemanatefromitsenvirons.Thisisthroughtherecognitionoftheimmediateenvironsascrucialinprovidingabufferzonethatabsorbsimpactsbeforetheyaffectthereserve.
1.3.1PlanningprocessParticipatoryandstrategicplanningprocesshasbeenused in thedevelopmentof this IMP.ThisprocesswasinitiatedinMay2003andinvolvedconsultationswhereconsensuswasobtainedonvariousaspects.
Theplanningguidelinesusedinformulatingthismanagementplanincluded:TheRamsarConventiononWetlandsofinternationalimportance,TheKenyaWildlifeService(KWS)andtheWildlifeAct,LocalGovernmentActEnvironmentalManagementandCoordinationAct(EMCA)AgricultureActLivestockActForestActTheconsultativemeetingsandinteractiveworkshopsthatprecededtheformulationofthisplanWaterAct2002
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Lake Bogoria National Reserve and its catchment
2.1 IntroductionTheplanareaencompassesLBNR,itsimmediateenvironsandthecatchmentofLakeBogoria.TheLakeisthedeepestalkalinelakeintheKenyawithnumerousalkalinehotspringsthatcontributesignificantinflowsintothelake.TheReservecomprisesofthelakeandtheterrestrialportionwithvariousvegetationtypesdependingonsoiltypesandterrain.Amongstthesevegetationtypesaregrasslands,thicketsandwoodlands.ThewoodlandsformanimportanthabitatfortheendangeredGreaterKudu(Tragelaphus strepsciseros)andothermammals.TheReserveisrichinbiodiversityandthelakeisanimportantstopoverpointforthenorthernavianmigrants.Theareahashighrevenuepotentialintermsoftourism,socio-economicandculturalactivities.ItislocatedincloseproximitytobothcentralandnortherntouristcircuitsinKenya.
The immediate environs of the plan area have a low human population density and currently offer limitedeconomic opportunities, which are largely, restricted small-scale irrigation, livestock and bee keeping. Theupperpart of the catchment aroundSubukiahashigh agricultural potentialwith intense cultivation andhighhumanpopulationdensities.Thehumanactivitiesinthecatchmentandthelakeenvironshaveadverselyaffectedsustainableconservationandmanagementintheplanarea.
2.1.1LocationLakeBogoriaNationalReserve,liesbetween36°4′and36°7′Eastand0°20′Northandabout10kmNorthoftheequatorinBaringoandKoibatekDistrictsofRiftValleyprovinceKenya(Fig.1).Ithasanaltitudebetween970matthelaketo1650metersonSirachoescarpment.TheReserveliesclosetotheeasternwalloftheGreatRiftValleyandhasitsheadquartersatLoboiGate.
Figure 1: The location of Lake Bogoria in the East African Rift Valley
Lake BaringoLake Bogoria
Great Rift Valley
NairobiDemocraticRepublicof Congo
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Figure 2: Lake Bogoria National Reserve, drainage system.
2.1.2LegalstatusLake Bogoria National Reserve was gazetted as wildlife protected area, vide legal notice number 270 of01/11/1970;andisfoundinboundaryplan216/26delineatingatotalareaof107km2.
2.1.3RoadAccessTherearethreeaccessroadstothereservethroughthreegatesatLoboi,MajiMotoandEmsos.ThemainaccessisalongtheNakuru-MarigatroadwherethreeKilometresbeforeMarigattown,isajunctiontotherighttowardsLBNR.TheLoboiGatewhichalsoservesasthereserveheadquartersis20kmfromthisjunction.AnearthroadthatbranchesofftotherightnearMogotioShoppingCentre,36KmfromNakurutownleadstotheothertwogates.
Waseges River
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
2.1.4 AccessbyairTheReservecanbeaccessedbyair throughairstrips inLakeBaringoand thenby road through theMarigatjunction.However,anon-gazettedandunclassifiedairstrip thatcanbeusedby lightaircraft is locatedat theNorthernpartofthereserveneartheLoboigate.
2.2 Conservation status LakeBogoriawasdeclaredanationalreserveduetoitsrichinbiodiversity,sceneryandhydrologicalfeaturesin1970andwasmadeaRamsarsiteofinternationalimportancein2001.Itusedtobeanimportantcommunaldryseasongrazingareaforthelocalcommunities,andhasimportantsacredandculturalsites.
Twolocalauthorities,BaringoandKoibatekCountyCouncils,currentlyjointlymanageLBNR.WWF(EARPO)is supporting the reservemanagement throughconservation activities aimedat enhancing sustainablenaturalresourceconservation,socio-economicdevelopmentandenvironmentaleducation.
2.3 Physical environment2.3.1Physiography,GeologyandsoilsLakeBogoriaanditscatchmentaregeologicalproductsofpasttectoniceventsoffaulting,warping,andvolcaniceruptions associated with the formation of the Rift Valley. The area has geologic manifestations of ongoingvolcanicprocessesintheformoffumaroles,hotspringsandgeyserswithinthelake,alongthelakeshoresandvariouspointsinthesurroundingareas.Thelakeislocatedalongoneofthemajorblock-definingfaultsintheRiftValley,theSolai-Subukiafaultblock,whichincludestheSolai,IguamitiandSouthArabelfaultscarps.LakeBogoriaispartiallyseparatedfromthismainfaultblockbytheKisanana-Chemasa-EmsosfaultthatmergesintoLakeBogoriafaultalongtheEmsosfaultstructureatSirkenHill.Thesefaultlinesarealignedinthenorth-southdirectionwithSandaidepositionpansinfillingalargeportionofthegrabennorthofthelakeandstretchingtoLakeBaringo.
Theplanareaischaracterisedbyvolcanicrocksandsedimentsoverlyingmetamorphicsubstrata,whichbelongtothePleistoceneandMiocenegeologicaleras.Theareaishighlyfaultedandfissuredwiththemajorriversflowingnorthalongthefault-lines.ClosetotheLakeanditssurroundingsarestratifieddeltaicsiltsandsalinedeposits.ThewesternsectionoftheLakecomprisesofanalciticphonolitesandporphyritictrachytes.TheEasternsectionbeyondthedeltaicsiltscomprisesofsedimentarydeposits,volcanicsoils,screesandalluvium.PorphyriticolivinebasaltsarealsofoundalongtheeasternfaultsboundingLakeBogoria.
LakeBogoriadrainagebasinhasthreemajorsoil types;claysoil,clayloamandsilt loam.Soil textureisnotvariableandmostsoilsarecategorizedasloamywithexceptionsofclayloamsrestrictedtoriverineareas.Theriverinesoilsarecomplexwithvariedtexturesdependingonthedrainageconditionsandarecomposedoferodedvolcanicsedimentsandalluvialdeposits.Theyconsistofdiversetypesofgranulomites,conglomerates,siltsandgravels.
Claysoilsarefoundontheupperpartofthecatchment,lowlands.ThemiddlepartisdominatedbyclayloamwhileasmallportionatthemouthofriverWasegestoLakeBogoriawasidentifiedassiltloam.
Figure 3: A cross section of the lake Baringo-Bogoria half-graben (after Renult and Tiercelin, 1994)
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
ThesoilsaroundthelakehavehighapHrangingfrom6.8to9.0,withhighsodiumbicarbonatelevelsrangingfrom0.5to9.92meql-1.Thesalinityandsodicityareattributedtotheparentrockmaterial.Highlyalkalinesoilsarefoundalongtheshorelinefringes,butthoseclosetopermanentwatersourceshaveintermediatevalues,whilesoilsintheridgesandscarpshavethelowestpHvalues.
Soilnutrientavailabilityindicesarehighindicatinghighfertilitylevelswithmeanphosphorousconcentrationsof80ppmintheriverinesoils.Kaolinitesconstitute70–80%ofsiltwhileillionitesareinter-stratifiedwiththerest10–20%.Potassium,magnesiumandmanganeseconcentrationsaregenerallylow.Calciumconcentrationsarehighandexhibitwidevariationbetween10.37and37.26meql-1.Thespatialdistributionsofthesoilsareshownbelow.
2.3.2ClimateandrainfallTheclimateintheplanareaisaridtosemiaridregimesexceptinthemoisthighlandsaroundSubukia.TheclimaticconditionsarestronglyinfluencedbytheITCZ(InterTropicalConvergenceZone)andtherearetwodistinctwetanddryseasons.Withinthereserveandadjacentareas,theclimaticconditionsareharshwithtemperaturesattheLakerangingfrom180C-390Cwithadailymeanof250C.Meanannualprecipitationvariesfrom500-1000mmandfallsintwoseasonsApril-MayandOctober-November(figure5).Thephysiographiclocationofthereserveinagrabenplacesitintherainshadowofthesurroundingfaultscarpsandhighlands.Thecombinationofweathervariablesandphysiographiclocationgivethelakebasinahot,semiaridclimate.
LakeBogoriaand its surroundingsarecategorizedunderagro-ecological climaticzoneE.Rainfall reliabilityislow(Mwangi,1992),anddailysunshinehoursaverage10makingtheareahotformostoftheyear(WWF,2003annualreport).ThereisamarkedhotspellfromJanuarytoMarchwhentemperaturesinexcessof340Careexperienced.ColdspellsoccurinthemonthsofJulyandAugust.
Figure 4: Distribution of soil types in the Lake Bogoria catchment and its immediate environs.
El Nino and La Nina events are interpreted from analyses of the 25-year record from the Lake Bogoria National Reserve weather station. The deviation of the average annual rainfall from the 25-year mean reveals 5-7 year cycles of inter-annular variability in precipitation (Figure 6).
Lake Bogoria
Clay
Clay loam
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Figure 5: Average monthly rainfall for the period 1977-2001 (LaVigne and Ashley, 2002).
Figure 6: Departures of annual total rainfall (mm) from the 25-year mean. 1977-1979, 1988-1990 and 1997-1998 El Nino years; 1984-1986 La Nina years (LaVigne & Ashley, 2002).
2.3.3HydrologyLakeBogoriaareahasatrellisdrainagepatternandriversflownorthwardsalongfaultlines.Thelake’scatchmentis 930km2drainedby riverSandai-Waseges,which flowsnorthwards towardsLakeBaringobut deviates tothesouthatSandai todrain intoLakeBogoria.TheriverflowisseasonalandoccasionallydriesupbetweenJanuaryandMarch.Inthelongrainyseason,theriverbringsinlargevolumesofsilt,erodedfromthedegradedrangelands.RiverLoboi thatdrains intoLakeBaringodiverts itscourse in thewetseason todrain intoLakeBogoriaduetocloggingofitschannelbysediments.Thishasturnedouttobeanormalflowpatternduringthewetseason,greatlyincreasingtheamountofsurfaceinflowsandsiltloadsintoLakeBogoria.Theplanareahasseveraldrywadisthatarecharacterizedbyflashfloodflowsinthewetseason.InthesouthRiverEmsosandafewperennialspringsdischargefreshwaterintothelake.Thelakelevelfluctuatesbetween11and14meterswith precipitation but does not exhibit extreme surface area variations compared to other shallow rift valleylakes.Itstroughbasinmorphometryprecludemajorsurfaceareavariations,whiledischargefromallthespringscounterbalanceevaporativelossesconsiderably(Tiercellinetal,1987).
AstudycarriedouttodeterminethewaterbudgetforLakeBogoriaquantifiedinflowsandoutflowstothelake.Theinflowsinclude,riverflows,directrainfallintothelakeandflowfromspringsintothelakeof31,24.29and28.38millioncubicmetersrespectively.Theoutflowsaremainlythroughdirectevaporationfromthelake
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
surface,domesticandlivestockabstractionsat75,0.7and1.2millioncubicmetersrespectively.Totalinflowsare83.67millioncubicmeterswhiletotaloutflowsare70.65millioncubicmetersresultinginadifferenceof13.02millioncubicmeters,whichisaccountedforbyabstractionsforirrigationupstream(OnyandoandMusila,2004).
Theriversandriverineecosystemsinthisaridandsemi-aridplanareaarecriticalhabitatsandproviderefugeforwildlife.Theriverineecosystemshavedistinctecologicalcharacteristicsthatallowthemtosupportwildlife,invertebratesandplantspeciesthatcannotthriveinthearidareas.Theriversystemisavitalresourcetothelocalcommunityprovidingwateranddryseasongrazingandirrigatedagriculture.
Lake BogoriaLakeBogoriaischaracterisedbysteepshorelineandhasatroughbasinmorphometrycomprisingofthreesemi-distinctbutinterconnectedbasinsconsistingof;thenorthern,centralandsouthernbasins.Thesouthernbasin,arelictvolcaniccrateristhedeepestpart(14m),joinedtotherestofthelakebyanarrowisthmus.TheLakehasahighalkalinitywithpHrangingbetween9.8-10.6,alkalinitybetween480-800meql-1andanelectricalconductivityof45,000-85,000μScm-1.Phosphoruslevelsareextremelyhighandoccurintheformoforthophosphates.Totalphosphateandnitrogenconcentrationsof3.5mgl-1and32mgl-1,respectively,havebeenmeasuredinthelake.
The open water is dominated by phytoplankton species such as Spirulina platensis, Microcystis flos-aquae, Anabaenopsis arnoldii andbacteriaextremophiles.The shorelinevegetation is characterisedbyplant speciessuchasCyperus laevigatus,Sporoblus spicatus and Cynodon dactylon amongothers.
Hot Springs, Geysers and springsThehotspringshavehigh temperaturesandarehighlymineralizedandaresourcedfromshallowaquifers incontactwithlavaintrusions.Theyhaveanestimateddischargeof900lsec-1(28.38Mm3)tothelake.Thespringsare found in threemain clusters,Loburu,Chemurkeu andMwanasis-Kibwu-Losaramat areas (Renaultet al.,1987).ThehotspringattheLoburuandChemurkeuhaveashallowaquiferwithtemperaturesofabout1000C,while thesouthernMwanasis-Kibwu-Losaramathotspringshaveadeeper lyingaquiferwith temperaturesofabout1700C(Cioniet al.,1992).All thespringsarealkalinewithapHabove8.0.Therearenumerousothersmallerhotsprings,geysersandfumarolesintheplanarea.
Other wetlands and SwampsSeveralswampsoccurintheplanareaandtheydifferinsize,waterchemistry,biotaandhydrology.TheLoboiswampisthelargestandconstitutesakeyecosystemcomponentintheplanareaasawaterreservoirforlivestock,agriculturalanddomesticsupply.SwampsalongSandai/WasegesRiverplayanimportantroleinnutrientremoval,agro-chemicalretentionandsedimentsfiltration.Therearealsoothernumeroussmallmarshesfedbyfaultrelatedsprings.Thewetlandsespeciallythoseoutsidethereserveareimportanttothelocalcommunitiesforwaterandfoodproduction.Theswampsarealsorichinbirdlife.
2.4 Flora and fauna2.4.1FloraWithin the reserve, biodiversity inventories have identified approximately 210 plant species belonging to 53plantfamiliesinthereserveandneighbouringwetlands.Amongstthese,are38speciesofGraminaeand15ofAcanthaceae. Thesespeciesaredistributedinsixbroadvegetationtypes(Mwangi,1992).Theseare;riverineforests,woodedbushland,bushedthicket,bushland,bushedgrasslandandswamps.Thesearefurtherdescribedinto tenvegetation communities on thebasis of dominance.Dominant grasses include;Dominant grasses include;Sporobolus ioclados, Dactyolectenium aegyptium, Chlonis virgata and Digitaria velutina.Shrubsinclude;Grewia tenax, G. bicolor, Acalypha fruticosa and Acacia mellifora.The most dominant tree species isThemostdominanttreespeciesisAcacia tortilis.OthercommunitytypesincludemixturesofBalanites aegyptica, Combretum spp., Ficus spp., andTerminalia sppEvergreenandsemideciduousbushlandcoverlargeareasalongstreamvalleyandotherinhospitableareas.
Thedistributionofthevegetationtypesstronglycorrelatestocombinationsoftopography,soiltypes,elevation,drainagesystemsandsoilmoisturecontent(Appendix1).
In the upper parts of the catchment, mountane forests are found around Subukia, Olrara Bel, Mchongoi andMarmanetareas.TheseareasarethecatchmentforRiverSandai/Waseges.Thereareotherriverineforestsalongriverscourses,seasonalwaterflowchannelsandfreshwatersprings.
OutsideLBNRandtheforestareasthevegetationcomprisesofgrasslands,bushlands,shrublands,scrublandsandwoodlands.Thesevegetationtypesareassociatedwithunconsolidatedsoils,rockoutcropsandriverineplainsinthearidpartsoftheplanarea.Thesearethecommunityareas,whicharecommunallygrazed.
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
2.4.2FaunaWildlifeTheareaisrichinwildlifespeciescharacteristicbyahighdiversityatlowdensities.AnimalsfoundintheplanareaincludetheGreaterKuduandothersshowninAppendixII.Thereareseveralreptilesthatincludemonitorlizard,lizards,tortoise,crocodilesandvariousspeciesofsnakes.
Bird lifeOver373speciesofbirdshavebeenrecordedintheplanarea(Appendix3)includingover50migratoryspecies,makingitoneoftherichestbirdlifeareas(IBA)inKenya.ThezoogeographicallocationofthereservebetweentheEthiopianandtheMasaizoo-regionscontributestotheareashighspeciesdiversity
The lake holds huge congregations of lesser flamingo that feed on the high production of blue-green algaedominated by Spirulina platensis. The lake shore configuration and fresh water points provide favourableenvironmentfortheseassemblagesandattimesmorethan1.5millionflamingoscanbecounted.LakeBogoriasometimessupportsthehighestpopulationofgreaterflamingosintheriftvalleyalkalinelakes.
2.5 Environmental and socio-economic situation in the plan areaThe deteriorating environmental conditions in the plan area threaten sustainable livelihoods, environmentalintegrityand thecontinuationofnaturalecologicalprocesses.Negativeenvironmental impactsareemanatingfromdemographicchanges,inappropriatelandusetypesandtrends,poorgovernanceandpolicyfailureandhighpovertyprevalence.Highlivestockdensitiesofpoorstockqualityhaveacceleratedenvironmentaldegradationinthissemiaridarea.Thesefactorshaveputtheeverdiminishingnaturalresourcebaseunderpressurefromtheirmultiple interactions thataremanifested throughdeforestation,siltation,erosion,eutrophication,species loss,habitatdegradation,lossofpastureandincreaseinpoverty.Thesituationhasbeencompoundedbybreakdownofindigenousenvironmentalmanagementandresourceusesystems.TherecentclimaticvariabilityintheEastAfricanRegionhasaggravatedenvironmentalproblemsinthisecologicallyfragilesemiaridarea.Thesefactorsandprocesseshaveerodedthenatural resourcebase, jeopardizing thecontinuedsustainableconservationandutilizationoftheplanarea.
Theplanareahasundergonesevereenvironmentaldegradationfromtheinterplayofseveralfactorsandprocessesinanecologicallyfragileregion.ThisIMPaimsatreversingtheenvironmentaldegradationtoachievesustainableconservationandsecurelivelihoodsofthelocalpeople.Althoughtheyarecloselyinterlinked,environmentalissuescanbroadlycategorizedasthosethatpredominateoutsidethenationalreserveandultimatelyaffectthenationalreserveandissueswithin thereserve itself.ThestrategiesdevelopedformitigationandmanagementinterventioninthesetwoareasmusthavesynergyifthegoalsandobjectivesofthisIMParetobeachieved.
2.5.1IssuesinthecatchmentThereserveenvironsandLakeBogoriacatchmenthaveseveralseriousenvironmentalissuesthatcascadeintothe Reserve through socio-economic, hydrological and proximity linkages. Outside the reserve, some of theenvironmentalmanagementissuesrevolvearound:
Human – resource conflict. WaterqualityandquantityDeforestationandencroachment.Changes in ground cover affecting underground water recharge and sustenance of river flow regimes.Poorfarmingmethods.Landtenuresystem.Humandemographictrends.EnvironmentalliteracyHumansettlementpatterns
Theinterventionsadoptedfortheseissueswillbeco-ordinatedasanintegratedapproachbythevariousagenciessuch as the Local Authorities of Koibatek and Baringo County Councils, Government departments, NGO’s,CBO’s,communitiesandindividualswhoarealreadyactiveinpartsoftheplanareashouldadoptthisIMPasaframeworktoharmoniseenvironmentalmanagement.
2.5.2IssuesinLakeBogoriaNationalReserveThereservewasacommunitygrazingareabefore1970swhenitwasmadeawildlifeconservationarea.Livestockgrazinghas,however,continuedwithinthereserve,resultingincompetitionforpastures,diseasestransmissionandotherformsofhumanwildlifeconflict.Adverseenvironmentalimpactswithinthereservecanbecategorizedasthosearisingfromestablishmentofthereserveandthosefromhumanactivitieswithinit.
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Ecological issues emanating from park management practicesVegetationdynamicsleadingtospeciessuccessionandinvaderspeciesestablishmentintheabsenceofhabitatmanagement.Poorwildlifemanagementduetolackofcomprehensivedataonwildlifepopulationdynamicsandtrends.Negativeimpactsoflivestockgrazinginthereserve.Effects of catchment wide processes on water quality on wildlife, especially flamingo mortalities.
Human induced issues
Impactsofinfrastructuredevelopment.Environmentaldestructionbytouristactivities.Watersourceanddrainagealterationthroughcementpondconstructionaroundspringsandacrossstreams.Highconcentrationoftourisminfragilehabitats.Localizederosionfocialonglivestocktrails.
2.5.3HydrologicalissuesfromcatchmentwideprocessesThesearelargelydrivenbyprocesseswithinthelargercatchmentandinvolve:
Declining and highly variable inflows into the lake due to deforestation and abstraction of surface and groundwater.Siltationduetoextensiveerosionandpollutionbyagro-chemicals.
2.6 Lake Bogoria catchment linkagesLakeBogoriaislinkedtoitscatchmentthroughecological,hydrologicalandsocio-economicfunctionsasshowninFigure7.MostoftheselinkagesareintertwinedandhavecumulativeimpactsontheLakeandthereserve.Lossofvegetationcoverbyovergrazingleadstosoilerosion,siltationofsteamsandwetlands,andlanddegradation.Thiscreatesaviciouscyclethatleadstomoreenvironmentaldegradationandsetinmotionotherprocessesthatmagnifytheinitialimpacts.
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Figure 7 Linkages of ecological and socio-economic issues and processes in the plan area
Catchment processes
•Deforestation•Degradation and erosion•Human and livestock population increase•Land sue•Socioeconomic changes
Consequences
• Unsusta�nable l�vel�hoods• Loss of b�od�vers�ty• Poverty prevalence• Unsusta�nable env�ronmental conservat�on
Effects
• Hydrolog�cal d�srupt�ons• Decl�ne �n water qual�ty and quant�ty• Loss of pasture• Increased l�vestock numbers• Land degradat�on• Invader plant spec�es• Decl�ne �n natural resources• Encroachment �nto LBNR
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Natural resources and zonation in plan areaTheresilienceofnaturalecosystemsandtheirresourcestohumanimpactscanbeusedasguidelinestozonationdependingontheintensityofuse.Importantnaturalresourcesintheplanareaincludebiodiversity,landscapeaesthetics, geological formations and hydrological systems. The natural resources found in the plan area arean importantbase forsocio-economicdevelopmentand livelihoodsupport.Theoptimumharnessingof theseresources through zonation has high spin-off effects that can enhance economic opportunities and improvedconservation,andsustainablelivelihoodsforthelocalcommunity.
3.1 Criteria for resource categorizationNaturalresourceintheplanareacanbecategorisedonthebasis:
Geologicalformationandscenicfeatures,Biodiversity,culturalandecologicalattributes,Importanceofhabitatforsurvivalofthreatenedandendangeredspecies,Susceptibilityofhabitatssuchasbreeding,roostingandfeedingsitestohumanactivitiesimpactsStatusofpopulationsofthreatened,endangeredandrarespecies.
Thenaturalresourceintheplanareacanfurthergroupedbasedonuseintocategorieslistedbelow.
3.1.1Naturalresourcesfortourism
LakeBogoria,wetlands,geysersandhotspringsFloraMammalianwildlifespeciesBirdlifeArchaeologicalandcontemporaryhistoricsitesLandscape
3.1.2.Naturalresourcesofculturalandsocio-economicimportance
Vegetation,Sand,stonesandmurramPasturesFreshwatersourcesSaltlickandtrona(Magadisoda)Honey,wildfruitsandvegetables
3.2 Zonation of the plan area Theplanareacanbedividedintoseveralzonesdependingonecologicalattributes,typesofuse,conservationstatusandneeds.
3.2.1AquaticzonesThesecompriseofthe:
LakeBogoriaSwampsMarshesGeysersSpringsRivers
3.2.2.TerrestrialzonesTheterrestrialzonesintheplanarecategorizedaccordingtovegetationtypes,topography,conservationstatusandlandusesystem.
Protected areaThiscanbecategorizedintothefollowinghabitats;
GrasslandsScrublandRiverinewoodlandsWoodlands
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Community areaThiscanbecategorizedinto;
FarmlandlandsGrazingareasUrbancentresandhumansettlements
3.3 Justification for the recommended intensity of useThereservehasahighdiversityofhabitatssomeofwhichcanbeconsideredasecologicallyfragile,orcontainrarespeciesofplantsandanimals.Humanactivitiesinthesehabitatscanbedisastrousoraltertheirattributes.Theeffectsofsuchactivitiesonahabitatdependonresiliencetoperturbationsandtheintensityofthedisturbance.Disturbance below resilience thresholds has low impacts and such habitats normally return to their originalconditionafterashorttime,whereaslessresilientonestakealongtime.However,unstablesystemsmayneverreturntotheiroriginalconditiononcedestroyed.Itisimportant,therefore,todeterminethestabilityanddegreeofresilienceofthevarioushabitatspriortosubjectingthemtothevariouscategoriesofuseintensity.Otherhabitatscanbeexcludedfromuseduetospecialfunctionlikebeingbreeding,roostingorfeedingsites.Exclusionofusemaybetemporaryorpermanent.Specialfeedingareasrequirepermanentexclusion,whileseasonallywaterlogged(flooded)areasmaybeclosedduringthewetseasononly.Otherareasarefunctionallydesignedandmodifiedtoaccommodateveryheavyintensitiesofusesuchasreserveadministrativeheadquarters,picnicandcampssites.Secondarynaturalvegetationandagriculturallandcanbemanipulatedtoallowaheavyintensityofuse.
Outsidethereserve,topographyisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhetherornottoputcertainlandundercultivation.Beyondacertaindegreeofslope,landshouldnotbecultivatedduetothehighriskofacceleratederosion.InLBNRanditsenvironsecologicalattributes,sensitivityandongoingusehavebeenusedtodelineatezonesforlow,medium,highandveryhighintensityofuse.TheseareshowninTable2and3.ThedesignatedzonesareshowninFigure8
Table 2: Zonation in Lake Bogoria National Reserve and recommended intensity of use
Zone Habitat type Location Recommended intensity of use
1 a) Frag�le hab�tatsMarshes, spr�ngs, lake shores, open lake, river mouths, breeding sites, hot spring fields
Loburu, R. Sanda� mouth, Emsos, F�g tree, Lake shore, Lobo� swamp, HQ Marshes, Mawe Moto, Steep scarps
No
b) Hab�tats for rare spec�es (breed�ng terrestr�al s�tes)
HQ marshes, shorel�ne, r�ver�ne hab�tats, Habitats known to be specific sites utilized by these spec�es
No
2 Cl�max Forest Vegetat�on F�g tree woodland and other r�ver�ne vegetat�on zones in the reserve
Low
� Reserve adm�n�strat�on and v�s�tor fac�l�t�es Offices, staff quarters, all camp/picnic sites, Hot spr�ngs
H�gh
Table 3: Zonation of habitat types and recommended use intensity outside the reserve
Zone Habitat type Location Recommended intensity of use
1 Frag�le hab�tats H�ghland forests, steep slopes, h�lls, r�ver sources, r�ver valleys, wetlands
Low
2 Settlements, cult�vated and rangelands lands Small & large scale farms H�gh and very h�gh
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Management goal, objectives and intervention strategies
4.1 Goal, Objectives and Strategies4.1.1GoalThegoalofthisIMPistoconserveLBNRforsustainabledevelopmentinaccordancewithNationalpolicies,CBD(Rioconvention),CMS(Bonnconvention),Ramsarprincipalsandriverbasinmanagementconcepts.
4.1.2ObjectivesToachievetheoverallgoaloftheIMP,asetofshortandlong-termobjectiveshasbeenidentified.Theattainmentoftheshorttermwillfacilitateandcreateanenablingenvironmentforachievingthelong-termobjectives.
Short-termobjectivesConserveandmanagetheenvironmentalservicesandvaluesofLakeBogoriacatchmentforsustainabledevelopment.Provide a basis for diversification of tourism, benefit sharing and poverty alleviation by instituting sustainablelandusepractices,environmentalconservationandnaturalresourcemanagement.SecuresupportofnationalandinternationalinstitutionsintheconservationanddevelopmentofLakeBogoriacatchment.Promoteintegration,collaborationandstakeholders’participationinenvironmentalconservation.
Long-termobjectives:Promotecommunitysocio-economicdevelopment.Minimizethreatsandconstraintsthathindersustainableconservationanddevelopmentintheplanarea.Promoteenvironmentaleducationandawarenessforeffectivestakeholders’participation.Strengthen management oriented scientific research and monitoring in Lake Bogoria National Reserve and itscatchment.Minimize human – resource conflicts, threats and enhance compatible land-use practices.
4.1.3StrategiesToachievetheaboveobjectives,theIMPproposestheimplementationofthefollowingstrategies:-
Undertakecompilationandanalysisofdataonkeybiodiversityresources,habitatsandtheecologyofkeyspeciesintheplanarea.Strengthenparkmanagementandadministrationthroughcapacitybuilding.Instituteandsupportenvironmentallyfriendlylandusepracticesandcommunitywildlifeconservationundertakings.Inliaisonwiththelocalcommunity,NGO’sandinternationalbodiestoenhanceenvironmentalconservationandmanagementthroughstrengtheningmulti-disciplinaryparticipationinconservation.Providereliableinformationanddataforconservationandmanagementpurposes.Diversifytourismactivitiesandattractionareas.Incollaborationwithlocalcommunity,Governmentdepartments,CBOsandNGOsinvestinsustainableenvironmentallyfriendlypovertyalleviationprogrammes.Maintainsecurityforwildlifeandvisitorsinthereserve.
Theachievementofthelong-termmanagementobjectivesforLakeBogoriaandcatchmentdependsonanumberofinteractingfactorslinkedtohumanactivities.
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Figure 8: Recommended zones for different activities within LBNR. The exact location of Lake Bogoria within its catchment is illustrated at the top right-hand corner. (Note: Catchment land use zonation is subject to stakeholder consensus and recommendations)
SWSW
GR
PR
PR
WLDLakeBogoria
Emsos Gate Outpost
Nyalilpuch Outpost
WLD
SN
Lookout Post
Airstrip
Loboi Outpost Gate
Maji Moto Outlook Post
KEY:SN Sanctuary
SW Swamp
GR Grazing area
WLD Wilderness
PR Natural preservation area
Roads and tracks
Greater Kudu migration corridor
Camp site
View point
Salt lick
Dam
Ritual site
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Management prescriptions and programmes
5.1 IntroductionThemanagementprescriptionsandinterventionprogrammespresentedinthisIMPrequiretheparticipationofvariousstakeholdersinordertoattaintheoverallgoalofsustainableconservationandmanagementofnaturalresources.Thiswillcatalysesocio-economicdevelopmentinthearea.Themanagementplanaimsformeaningfulandeffectiveinvolvementofkeystakeholders,especiallythelocalcommunityintheexecutionofdevelopmentandmanagementprogrammesintheplanarea.
5.2 Land coverThelandcoverhasbeenextensivelymodifiedthroughvariouslandusesystemstomeethumanneeds,precipitatingsevereadverseenvironmentalimpacts,withfarreachingecologicalandsocio-economicramifications.
5.2.1ForestsTherehasbeenextensivedeforestationintheuplandforestswithconsequencesondownstreamecosystemsandwateravailability.Themaindriversforforestcoverlossare:-
ExcisionsinOrabelandMarmamentforests.Logginginbahati,Muchongoi.WidespreadcharcoalburningwithinthecatchmentespeciallyNyalilpuch,OlkokweandMugurin.CultivationinriparianareasinSubukia,IgwamitiandLoboi.Encroachmentintogazettedforests,riverineforestsandotherfragilemicrohabitats.
Theimpactsofforestcoverlossare:IncreasedseasonalityofWasegesRiverLossofswampsandwetlandsthatdependonuppercatchmentrechargeSiltationdownstreamatSandaiandLoboiLossofbiodiversityFloodinganddisplacementofsettlementsinthelowlandsIncreasedstreamvelocityleadingtogullyformationanddrainageofKesuboswamps
5.1.2CommunalgrazingareasLivestockdensitiesincreasedbeyondthelandscarryingcapacityleadingtoovergrazingandchangeingrazingpatterns.Thecumulativeeffectofovergrazing,localisedandsustainedpressureonforageinthelowercatchmentandtheenvironsofthereserve.Theseandthechanginglifestylestendingtowardsincreasedsedentarizationhasledto:
SoilerosionwithsheetandgullyformationLossofsoilfertilitySparsevegetationcoverwithtopsoilexposureReducedforageavailabilityIncreaseininvaderplantspeciesIntensification of dust stormsFlash floodingIncreasedpovertyprevalenceIncreasedpressureonfragilemicrohabitatsEncroachmentintoswampsPrevalenceofanimaldiseasesHuman – wildlife conflict
Overalltheconsequencesofhumaninducedchangesinlandcoverintheplanareaare:IntensivesoilerosionatMugurin,KisananaleadingtosiltationofRiverLoboi.LossofbiodiversityoutsideandwithinthereserveExtensivelanddegradationintheentireplanarea.DeteriorationandlossofwatercatchmentvalueinMuchongoiandBahatiforests.Loss of ecological value due to loss of water, disruption of nutrients recycling, seasonal flooding and loss of other water bodies as manifested by unusual flooding during the long rains.Lossofculturalandaestheticvalues.
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
5.2.3Landcoverconservationchallenges:Thefollowingarethechallengesintheconservationoflandcovertypesintheplanarea:
Maintenanceofviablelandcovertypes,whilepressureforlandandoverstockingcontinues.Protectionandrehabilitationofdegradedareas,whichwillsoonafterbeconsideredasdesirablegrazingareas.Lack of skilled personnel and financial resources to rehabilitate degraded areas.Diversification of livelihood options in a socioeconomic environment characterized by high poverty levels.
5.2.4InterventiontoconservetheplanarealandcovertypesThefollowinginterventionswillbeundertakentoconservethelandcover:
Educatecommunityonbetterlandhusbandry,soilandwaterconservation.Trainandmobilizecommunitiesthroughextensionprogramstomanagelandcover.Rehabilitateandprotectdegradedareas.Improvelivestockqualityandcreatelinkstolivestockmarketstomanagestockingrates.Exploreandpromotealternativesourcesoflivelihood(gamefarming).Demarcateandacquiretitledeedsfortheforestland.EnhancecapacitywithinGovernmentdepartmenttodealwithlandcoverloss.Supportimplementationofpolices,lawsandindigenousmanagementsystems.
5.3 Livestock and agriculture Demographicchangeshasledtochangesinlifestyleinfluencinglandusepatterns,whereagriculturalactivitiesandpastoralismarepractisedinfragilehabitats.Thishasbeenaggravatedbytheshifttoindividuallandholding,reducedcommunalgrazingandchangesinsettlementpatterns.
5.3.1Issuesonlivestock,agricultureandsettlementLossofpasture,Prolongedgrazinginthereserve.LossofdryseasonpastureinswampsandwetlandsLocalizedextinctionofpasturespeciesthroughseedbankdepletionLocalizeddegradationthroughgullyformationandexposureofbedrock,Siltationofwaterchannelsandswamps,Pronouncedstreamseasonality,Pollutionofwaterbodiesbyagrochemicals,domesticwaste,Farmingonsteepslopesleadingtosoilerosion.Drainageofwetlands.Waterabstraction
Theinterplayofthesefactorshassetinmotionaviciouscycleleadingtoescalatingpovertylevelsandunsustainablelivelihoods.Challengesinaddressingissuesrevolvingaroundagricultureandlivestockare:
A cultural system that glorifies high livestock numbers rather than quality.Institutionalizingappropriatelandhusbandrypracticesinapopulacewherelandtillingisarecentlyacquiredpractice.Instillingasenseofindividualownershipoflandwhereownershipwaspreviouslycommunal.
5.3.2MitigatingmeasuresThe following measures will be undertaken to mitigate the impacts of livestock, agriculture and humansettlement.
Agriculture:Undertakeeducationandawareness,sensitisationandappropriateactiononriverbank,steepslopefarming.Advocateintegratedpestmanagementandwiseuseofagro-chemicals.Introducedripirrigationandregulatecommunityirrigationschemes.Conduct a cost-benefit Analysis of crops grown in the area.Initiatebestagriculturalpracticesandonfarmforestry.
Overgrazing:Educatecommunityonappropriatestockingrates.Initiateincentivesforappropriatestockingrates.Undertakereseedingprogramme.
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Regulatedryseasongrazingandcontrolgrazinginsteepslopes.Improvelivestockbreedsandestablishcommunitybasedgrazingcommittees.Discouragegrazinginthereserve.
Thefollowingincentivesarenecessarytoattaintheaboveobjectives:Assistinthemarketingoffarmproduce.Assistinon-farmandpostharvestmanagementandpestcontrol.Diversifyincome-generatingprojectssuchasbeekeeping,Aloe-veracultivationandsmallstockrearing.
5.4 Water resourcesTheplanareaislargelywaterdeficitandthesituationhasbeenaggravatedbyhumanactivitiesthathavedisruptedthehydrologicalregimes,andaffectedwaterqualityandquantity.Cultivationalongriverbanksandclearingofforestsintheupperpartsofthecatchmenthasaffectedwaterpercolation,springsandriverflowregimes.ThereisaseverewatershortageespeciallyinthedrymonthsbetweenDecemberandMarch.
5.4.1IssuesandchallengesWateravailabilityintheplanareaisconstrainedby:
Dwindlingwaterresources.DeforestationinMarmanet,OlaraBel,MuchongoiandWestMauForests.Decliningwaterquality.Conflicts on water rights and use.
5.4.2.MitigationstrategiesThefollowingstrategieswillbeemployedtomanagewaterresourcesintheplanarea:
ImplementthewaterAct,throughformationofawaterapportionmentboardandwaterusersassociationtoresolve conflicts.Undertakeriverinevegetationrehabilitationandriverbankprotection.EncouragealternativewaterharvestingtechnologiesAdopt water efficient irrigation technologies
5.4.3ChallengeRegulatingwaterresourcesutilizationinanareawherealargeproportionofthepopulationdoesnothaveaccesstosafedrinkingwater.
5.5 Land tenure and land use dynamicsLandtenureandlandusesystemsin theplanareahaveundergoneextensivechanges inhistoricalandrecenttimes.Thelandhaschangedfromnomadicpastoralism,tocommunalsedentarygrazingandcurrentlyindividualholding.
Thishasledto:Catchmentdestructionresultingindryingupofriversandencroachmentofriparianareas.Deforestation.Subdivisionoflandleadingtounsustainablelivelihood.
5.5.1.ChallengesInaddressingissueonlandownershipthefollowingchallengesneedtobemet:
Culturalchangetocopewithemergingissuesrelatingtoland.Goodwillinimplementationofrelevantlegislationthatsafeguardtheenvironmentsuchasriverbank,wetlandandspringprotection.
5.5.2StrategiesThefollowingstrategieswillbeemployedtomanageimpactsemanatingfromlandownershipandmanagementproblems:
StreamlinevariousActsandpoliciesrelatingtolanduseandownership.Intensifyeducationandawarenesscampaignsamongthevariousstakeholdersonappropriatelandusesandpractices
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
5.6 Human–wildlife conflictIn the plan area, the human –wildlife conflict has increased due to grazing in the reserve, settlement in wildlife dispersal areas and destruction of crops and property by wildlife. The conflicts have intensified with time due to poormanagementofnaturalresourcesoutsideprotectedareaanditisstronglycorrelatedwithincreasedpoverty.Thisisintheformof:
LivestockpredationSubsistencepoachingCropdestruction
5.6.1InterventionMinimisehuman-wildlifeinteractionsandattendtoPACMinimise human activities in the official gazetted and protected areasDiversify and increase benefits to community accrued from tourism and conservation Establishlandusepracticescompatiblewithwildlifeorbiodiversityconservation
5.6.2StrategiesThe following strategies will be applied to address human wildlife conflict.
Community Education and awareness on conflict coping methods, and sensitisation on range management techniques,DevelopCompensationfordeath,injuryorlossofpropertyduetowildlifeinformofincentiveslikecommunitieslivingadjacenttotheprotectedareabeprovidedwithaccesstowaterresourceswithinthereserve and other conservation benefits,Undertakingenvironmentaleducationandawarenessprogrammethattargetsfarmers,schoolchildrenandteachers,adultlearnersandtheruralurbancommunity
Inadditiontotheenvironmentaleducationandawarenessprogrammetargetingthelocalcommunity,thereservemanagementwillundertakethefollowingactivities:
Developandimplementenvironmentaleducationprogrammedirectlylinkedtoissuesinthereserve.In collaboration with WWF, complete development of the resource and information centres within thereserve.PublishaguidebookontheNationalReserve.
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Lake Bogoria National Reserve infrastructure inventory and managementThissectiondealsspecificallywithLBNRissuesandtheneedtofocusthereservemanagementtorealiseitsconservationandmanagementobjectives.Infrastructureinventoryinthereservehasbeendoneandprescriptionofmanagementmeasurenecessaryforitsmanagementdocumented.
6.1 Infrastructure and facilities inventory6.1.1AdministrationandstaffaccommodationTheReserveHeadOfficeislocatedatLoboiandconsistsofanofficeblock,staffhouseswith2seniorstaffunitsand8juniorstaffunits.AtMajiMotooutpost,thereare2staffhousingunits,whereasatEmsosthereare4semipermanentsinglehousingunits.Inadditiontotheseisasinglegeneral-purposehouseatNyalilpuchviewpoint.Officespaceandstaffhousinginplaceisinadequate.
Anewgatewasconstructedaspartof the reserveboundary realignment,which iscurrentlydisused.All thereserveentrygatesareradioconnected.
6.1.2LakeBogoriaDrylandEnvironmentalEducationCentre.ThisEducationCentreequippedandsuppliedwitheducationmaterialsandakitchenunit,islocatednexttoLoboiGate.Itisusedinpromotingsustainableuseofnaturalresourcesthroughawarenesscreationamongthelocalcommunity,schoolsandvisitorstotheReserve.Itoffersthefollowingservices:
LecturesonLakeBogoriaecosystemtovisitors,schoolsandothergroups.Videoandslideshows.EnvironmentallessonsandTrainingonenvironmentalthemessuchasconservationofwildlife,wetlands,soilandwaterconservation,LakeBogoriaecosystem,agroforestry,amongothers.
6.1.3CurioshopsThere are several curio shops along the main road leading to the reserve, offering locally made handcrafts,papyrusmatsandotherartefacts.TheseincludeChelabaWomenGroupcurioshoplocatedoppositeLakeBogoriaHotel,
6.1.4CulturalCentersThereare twoculturalcenters,depictingTugenandEndoroiscommunitycultures.TheTugenculturalcenterdisplaystraditionalhomesteadsbuiltinTugenarchitecturaldesign,oldstoolsusedbyelders,andaviewpointandisabout15KmfromtheReservealongMarigat–Loboiroad.TheviewpointoffersapanoramicviewoftheareaincludingtheKiborgochSwamp.Traditionaldancesanddishesareviableatthecentreonrequest.TheEndoroisCommunityCulturalCentre is locatednear theReserveheadofficeandsimilarlyhas traditionalartifactsandresidenttraditionaldancers’troupes.
6.2 Accommodation Twocategoriesofaccommodationareavailable,inthereserveandoutsidethereserve.
6.2.1AccommodationinthereserveTherearethreecampsitesinsidetheReserve:
Acaciacampsite-about6KmbeyondtheHotSprings;RiversidecampsiteandFigtreecampsiteandTheLakeBogoriaDrylandEnvironmentalEducationCentrecampsite
6.2.2AccommodationoutsidethereserveHotelsLakeBogoriaHotel:Thisisa3starhotelwithprivatecottagesandseminarfacilities.Thehotelhasanaturalhealthspaandanormalcold-waterswimmingpool.
PapyrusInnandZakayo’sHotel:ThesearelowbudgetoutfitslocatedneartheReserveheadquartersandofferaccommodationandmeals.
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
CampsitesTherearethreecampsoutsidetheReserve;
LoboiRivercampandpicnicsitenexttoLoboiRiverBridge,NETBONcampingsitenearMajiMotogateand,Emsoscommunitycamp.
6.3 National Reserve managementProcessesand impactsarising fromwithin the reserve, its immediateenvironsand thewidercatchmenthavenegatively affected the reserve, minimizing its significance as a wetland of international importance and astopoverformigratorybirds.The impactswithin thereservearedue to thereserve themanagementregimes,livestockgrazingandtourismactivities.
6.3.1InvasiveplantspeciesLackofmanagementinterventionsinthereservehasleadtoproliferationofinvasivespecies.Invasivespeciesmanagementrequireshabitatmanagementlikemechanicalremoval.Invasivespeciesareaseriousthreatinthereserve,especiallyaroundthemaingate,Wasegesriverinlet,SouthofLoburuhotspringsandMaweMoto.
Theimpactsofinvaderplantspeciesare:ReductionofforageforanimalsChangesinhabitatstructure,qualityandutilizationbyanimalsReductioninoverallbiodiversityPooranimalconditionduetotoxinsanddiseasesInfluence on animal species composition, distribution, home range sizes, recruitment and survival
6.3.2.SustainableconservationandmanagementrequirementsThenationalreservehasawidediversityofwildherbivoresindirectcompetitionwithlivestockgrazedinthereserve. This has resulted into confinement of wild herbivores to certain areas. The localization of these herbivores hasresultedinovergrazing,invaderspeciesincreaseandhighincidencesoflivestock-gamediseasetransmission.Forsustainablemanagementofthewildherbivoresthemanagementwill:
Identifykeyhabitatsfor:GrazersBrowsersMixedfeeders
IdentifythereservespeciesequilibriumManage habitats for specific wildlife species while retaining key biodiversity features of the reserve.Establishecosystemmanagementmonitoringprogrammes.
6.3.3ManagementactionsRehabilitatethegrasslandsatSandaiRivermoutharea,areasouthofLoburuspringsandMaweMotoarea.Stoplivestockgrazinginthereserve.RemoveandcontrolspreadofinvaderspeciesthroughmechanicalremovalorburningbetweenreserveheadquartersandNorthernshoreline.Determinereserveproductivity
6.3.4TourismThelong-termtourismobjectiveintheplanareaistodiversifytourismtoincreasetherevenuebaseandenhancetourismproductswhileminimizingenvironmentalimpactsoftourismthroughdiversificationofactivities.
Tourism management issuesVisitorstoLBNRconcentratearoundthehotspringsandfigtreeareas.Thiscreatesdisproportionatepressurearoundthesefragilesites.Therangeofvisitoractivitiesislowduetolackdiversificationandpoormarketingofotherpossibleactivitieswithinthereserve.LinkingthereservetoLakeBaringoandotherpotentialareasaroundMarigatandthecatchmentcanrelievethepressure.
Thequalityof serviceandproductofferedby the reserveand thehotels areadequate;but there is aneed topromoteother tourismattractions in theplanarea.Thecurrentvisitoraccommodationfacilitiesareadequate,howeverthecampsitesshouldberelocatedandrehabilitated.
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Tourism zoningWithinthereserve,someofthemostimportanttouristattractionsarelocatedinsensitivehabitatssusceptibletodegradationbyuncontrolledtouristactivities.Sensitiveareasincludethehotsprings,rivermouthsandsectionsofthelakeshoreline.Thereservewillzonedtoreducepressureonsensitivehabitatsasearlierdescribed.
Diversification of tourist activities Toencourageextendedstayandrepeatvisits,thefollowingactionswillbeundertaken:
Undertakeaninventoryofotherpotentialsitesfortourismandmarketthem.Developandmarkettheculturalsiteswithinthecatchment.Improvecurioshopsandtheirproductrange.Introducehikingandsafariwalksinthereserve.Relocateandrehabilitatethecampsiteattheeducationcentre.
6.3.5ResearchandmonitoringTheecologyoftheplanareasiseasilyimpactedbyextraneousfactorsespeciallythoseofanthropogenicorigin.Understandingtheecologicallinkagesintheplanareaisvitalinmakinginformedandjudiciousmanagementdecisions.Managementorientedresearchprogrammesshouldbe initiated toprovidegreaterunderstandingofresource interactions and to help managers respond appropriately to changes that may occur. Collaborativeresearchwithinthecatchmentwillbeencouragedtofacilitateinteractionsamongmanagers,researchersandthecommunity.Thefollowingprogrammeswillbeundertaken.
Ecological/environmental monitoring Thiswill includeenvironmentalattributes,ecologicalandsocioeconomic trends togeneratedata foranearlywarning system; and provide information to guide managers. Socioeconomic indicators to be monitoredinclude:
Catchmentlanduse,Projecteddevelopmentactivities,Livestockstockingrates,ExpansionofareasunderagricultureandLandcovertrends.
Theecologicalmonitoringprogrammeswillinclude:
PhysicalparametersMeteorology:Meteorologicalvariablescurrentlybeingmonitoredare rainfall, temperature, relativehumidity,evaporationandwindspeed.Morecommunitymanagedrainfallstationsshouldbeestablishedinthecatchment.
Lakelevelandriverflow:Thelakeandriverstaffgaugeswillberegularlyreadtocollectdata.
WaterqualitymonitoringAcollaborativeeffortwillbeputinplacetomaintaintheongoingwaterqualitymonitoringanddevelopawaterqualitydatabase.
Ecologicalmonitoring
AnimalcensusQuarterlyanimalcountswillbeundertakenonaregularbasistogenerateinformationonpopulationdynamicsandtrendsformanagementpurposes.Thiswillprovideinformationonhabitatutilizationpatterns,distributionandaidinsecuritypatrolsandmanagementofhuman-wildlifeconflict.
Waterfowlcounts.Thecurrentbiannualwaterfowlcountswillcontinueandinadditionemphasiswillbewet/drytransitionperiods.
HabitatmonitoringVegetationmonitoringtransectsandenclosuresare tobeestablishedandmonitored.Avegetation-monitoringprogrammewillbedevelopedinyearoneandcarriedduringdryandwetperiods.
FlamingoMortalitiesEpisodesoflesserflamingomortalitieshavebecomefrequentintheRiftValleyalkalinelakesandhavebeenattributedtoseveralfactors.Thelesserflamingohealthstatuswillbemonitoredandusedasabio-indicatoroftheecosystemhealth.Thismonitoringwillalsoincludephytoplanktondensities,waterqualityandquantity,physical,chemicalandbiologicalparameters.
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
AmonitoringprogrammewillbedevelopedtocovertheRiftValleylakesinKenyaandLakeNatron.Thefactors,tobemonitoredare:
WaterqualityandquantityPhytoplanktondynamicsAlgaltoxins:microcystin-LRandanatoxin-AHeavymetalsandpesticidesconcentrationsinwater,sediments,algaeandwaterfowl.FlamingomovementsFlamingohealthandinfectiousdiseases
6.4 Reserve infrastructure maintenance and management6.4.1Buildings
Thereservebuildingswillbemaintainedandrehabilitatedtosuithumanhabitationstandards.EducationCentreAccommodationfacilitiesdormitories,ablutionblocks,kitchenanddinninghallwillbeconstructedtocaterforgroupsfromfar.
6.4.2RoadsTheexistingpermanentroadnetworkwillberegularlymaintainedduringtheplanperiod.TheCountyCouncilsofBaringoandKoibatekwillensurethisroadisprioritisedandincludedinthedevelopmentplansfortheDistricts.
6.4.3AirstripThecurrentnon-registeredairstripwillbegazettedandmaintained.
6.4.4CampsitesandPicnicsitesThesewillbemaintainedthroughouttheplanperiod.
6.4.5WatersupplyToaugmentwatersupplytostaffhouses,theclinicandtheneighbouringschools,thecollapsedpipelinetoLakeBogoriaHotelwillberehabilitatedandwaterKiosksprovidedforthelocalcommunity.Likewisethefreshwatersourceateachcampsitewillberehabilitated.
6.4.6VehiclesThereservehasnoreliabletransport,especiallyforfieldoperationsandgeneraltransport.Thecurrentreservefleetwillbemaintainedandadditionalvehiclespurchasedtoaddressthecurrenttransportshortage.
6.4.7CommunicationTheparkhasadequatetelephone,e-mailandradiocommunicationfacilities.
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Implementation strategy, institutional framework and stakeholder involvement
7.1 IntroductionThis chapter identifies key stakeholders anddescribes the framework for their involvement in the IntegratedManagement Plan (IMP) implementation and provides for linkages, legal framework and responsibilities ofthestakeholders.Thiswillbe inconformity toEnvironmentalCoordinationandManagementAct2000.ThisActprovidesa strategy for stakeholdercollaboration inenvironmentalmanagement throughestablishmentofenvironmentfocusedmanagementcommittee.Collaborativeparticipationprovidesforownership,commitment,resourcemobilizationandcollaborationwithdevelopmentpartnersandotherconservationagencies.
7.2 Implementation strategyTheimplementationstrategyofthishasthefollowingelements:-
InvolvementandcollaborationofstakeholdersintheimplementationoftheIMPanddevelopmentofproposalstoimplementtheIMP.ActiveconsultationandcollaborationamongststakeholdersAdaptivemanagementapproachintheIMPimplementationManagement programmes based on sound scientific findings.
The IMP implementation strategy is based on the ecosystem/catchment approach, collaboration and policymaking.
7.2.1Ecosystem/catchmentapproachThe currentLBNR management system is adhoc, sectoral and fails to consider the reserve as an integratedsystemwithseveralinterdependentcomponents.TheIMPimplementationwillbeguidedbytheecosystembasedapproach toenvironmentalmanagement,whichcalls for theplanarea tobemanagedasoneecologicalunit.Thereisneedtorecognizetheinter-linkagesbetweenthereserveanditsenvironsasenvironmentalissuesareinterlinkedandoftencrosscutting;andadoptacollaborativeapproachtoensureharmonizationandintegrationofconservationanddevelopmenteffortstorealizetheobjectivesofthisIMP.
7.2.2CollaborationImplementing this IMPwill involveestablishingcollaborationand linkagesamongst thevariousstakeholderstoensureconsensus in implementationandformulationofappropriatemitigationmeasures.This isnecessaryasthevariousissuesandchallengestheplanareaareintricate,crosscuttingandmultifacetedaffectingvariousstakeholdersandecosystemcomponentsindifferentways.Integratedapproachtonaturalresourcemanagementisonlysuccessfulifthereis:
Inter-agencylinkagestomanagement,Coordinatedinterdisciplinaryteamstoaddresschallenges,Inter-sectoralteamstoaddressimplementationstrategies,andStakeholderparticipationandsupporttoensuresuccess.
7.2.3PolicymakingStakeholders’ participation in the implementation of environmental decisions will help achieve communityempowermentandenhancepublictrust.Toaccomplishthiscoreobjective,thisIMPencouragesallstakeholderstoaccepteachotheraspartnersindecision-makingandpolicymakingprocess.Subscriptiontothisperspectiveinshapingandreachingdecisionswillgreatlybeguidedbyinstitutionalisingtheconsensus-buildingprocess.
7.3 Factors guiding development of institutional framework for the IMPDevelopinginstitutionalframeworktoimplementthisIMPwillbeguidedbythefollowingprinciples:
The conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in the plan area is influenced by social, cultural, economicandpoliticalfactorsthatmustbeconsideredexhaustively.Taking cognizance of existing linkages, policies and institutional frameworks that are influencing the conservationandmanagementoftheplanarea.Theneedtostrikeanoptimalbalancebetweenenvironmentalconservationandhumanlivelihoods.The need for multi-disciplinary and inter-sectoral teams to address conservation and socioeconomicdevelopmentissuesintheplanarea.
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
7.4 Possible roles and responsibilities of the major stakeholders in the successful implementation of this IMP
7.4.1BaringoandKoibatekcountycouncilsThe twocountycouncilshaveauthority tomanage the reserveasprovided for in theWildlifeAct.Theyareresponsible forconservationofbiodiversityandnatural resourcesespeciallywithin theNationalReserveandhaveto:
EnsureecologicalintegrityofthereservethroughproperplanningandmanagementCoordinateandplayakeyroleinsupportingtheIMPimplementationSupportinitiativesoftheotherstakeholdersintheplanareaDevelop a way of incorporating research findings into management of the reserveEstablish strong network and take initiative in establishing collaboration with other stakeholders andgovernmentdepartmentsespeciallytowritejointproposalsforthesuccessfulimplementationofthisIMPPromoteresponsibletourismasanincome-generatingprojectintheplanarea.Promote scientific driven decisions.Havecontroloverdevelopmentsintheurbancentreswithinthecatchment.Developandputinplacedisasterresponsemechanisms
7.4.2ForestDepartmentTheforestdepartmentisresponsibleforconservationanddevelopmentofforestresourcesasstipulatedintheforestAct.InrespecttothisIMP,theforestdepartmentwillberesponsiblefor:
GuidingrehabilitationandconservationofcatchmentforestareasInitiatingandpromotingonfarmforestryControlling forest excision, fires and encroachment Interpretationoftheforestmasterplananditsimplement.EnforcingandpolicingconservationofthegazettedforestsasstipulatedintheforestAct.SecuringtitledeedsofforestlandsandownershipdocumentsUndertakingforestrelatededucation,awarenessandextensionservicesDevelopingintegratedforestmanagementplans.Providingaleadinforestresearch,monitoringandconservation.Developandputinplacedisasterresponsemechanisms.
7.4.3.MinistryofWaterandIrrigationThiswillberesponsibleforconservationofwaterresourcesasstipulatedintheAct,andwillensuretheWRMAisactiveto:
Ensureprotectionofriverbanks.Undertakeeducationandawarenessonwaterconservation.Monitorandenforcewaterqualitystandards.Apportionwaterresourcesthroughpermitsandlicenses.Gazettewatercatchmentareaswithinthebasin.EstablishandgazetteWaterUserAssociations.Interpretthewatermasterplantoallstakeholderswithinthecatchment.Maintainhydrologicaldataandactascustodiansofinformationanddatabaserelatedtowaterconservation.
7.3.4DistrictEnvironmentalCommitteeThiscommitteeisresponsibleforpropermanagementofenvironmentinthedistrictasstipulatedinEMCA.Theresponsibilitiesofthiscommitteewillbeto:
EnsureandsupporttheIMPimplementation.EnsuregazettementoftheplanimplementationcommitteeandprovideitslinktoNEMA.MobilizeresourcestoimplementtheIMPProvidelinkagesbetweengovernmentsectorsandotherstakeholdersActasanexecutiveorgantoensurealldevelopmentprojectsareenvironmentalfriendly
7.4.5DistrictDevelopmentCommitteeEnsureenvironmentalstandardsareadheredtoindevelopmentproject.Addresspovertyreductionissues.Coordinatedevelopmentprogrammesintheregion.
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
7.4.6LocalprovincialadministrationEnforceenvironmentalregulationsontheground.ProvideanenablingenvironmentforIMPimplementation.
7.4.7NationalMuseumofKenyaDevelop,maintainculturalheritageandmonumentswithinthecatchmentareaCoordinate research and monitoring of flora and fauna especially that of water bird, invertebrates and plants.
7.4.8Non-governmentalorganizations.SupportintheimplementationofconservationanddevelopmentactivitiesCollaboratewiththecommitteesinoperationalisingtheplanEncourageformationofCommunityBasedOrganizationsMobilizeresourcestosupportimplementationoftheplan
7.4.9Community-basedorganizationsProvidenetworksandlinkagesbetweentheimplementationcommitteeandthegrassrootsMobilizecommunitysupportandparticipationMobilizeResourcesandundertakeeducationandawarenessParticipatorydevelopmentandimplementationofActionplans
7.4.10AgricultureDepartmentCoordinateagro-basedactivitiestocontrolsoilerosion,pollutionandsiltation.Provide relevant officers to be co-opted within the committeeIntegrate research findings into applied agriculturePromotegoodfarmingpractices
7.4.11InstitutionsofhigherlearningCollaboratewithotherstakeholderstodevelopproposalsforfundingUndertakeresearchactivitiesincollaborationwithstakeholders.IdentifyplantspeciesthatarepotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentAssistinmonitoringoftrendsinthecatchment.Providetechnicalsupporttothecommittee.Undertake Training as resource persons and enhance capacity building for specific stakeholders.
7.4.12KenyaWildlifeServiceKenyaWildlifeServicewillprovidetechnicaladviceinaccordancetothewildlifeAct,throughtheLakeBogoriaJointManagementCommitteeofthismanagementplan.
7.5 The Plan implementation structureToimplementthisplanitisproposedthatanimplementationcommitteebeconstituted.ThiscommitteewillbecalledIMPImplementationCommitteeandwillbetheexecutivebodymandatedwiththeimplementationoftheManagementPlanasshowninFigure9.
7.5.1IMPSteeringcommitteeCommitteewillbecomposedofthefollowingstakeholders:
SeniorWardenLakeBogoriaNationalReserveTechnicalexpertfromKWS–DistrictWardenWWFEARPOrepresentativeClerkBaringoCountyCouncilClerkKoibatekCountyCouncilTreasurerBaringoCountyCouncilTreasurerKoibatekCountyCouncilProvincial officer - NEMATwoexpertsfrominstitutionsofhigherlearningwithknowledgeoftheplanarea(when need arise)
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
7.5.2TermsofReferenceoftheSteeringcommitteeAs a starting point, the following is proposed as TOR that can be refined by the Committee.
Develop a framework defining its operationsInterpretthemanagementplanforpurposesofimplementationCo-ordinatetheimplementationofthemanagementplan.Co-ordinationofresearchMobilizeresourcesfortheplanimplementationEvaluatetheprogressofactivitieswithintheplanareas.Incollaborationwithotherstakeholders,developacodeofconduct,regulationguidelinesorby-lawsoftheforum.Identifyconstraintsintheprocessesofplanimplementation.Produceannualworkplansbasedonthemanagementplan.Recommendreviewofthemanagementplan.
7.6 Operationalization of the CommitteeStakeholderswillbemobilizedandholdmeetingtoconstitutetheplanimplementationcommittee.ThecommitteewillbefacilitatedtodevelopitstermsofreferenceandimplementationprogrammeThecommitteewilldevelopafundingproposalforimplementationoftheplan.
7.7 Risks and assumptionsStakeholdersremaincommittedandwillingtoparticipateintheplanimplementationAdequate resources (financial, human and equipment) will be mobilized to support plan implementation ThetwoCountyCouncilswillingnesstofacilitatetheinitialoperationalizationoftheplaninconjunctionwithotherstakeholdersWWFEARPOwillsupportthemanagementplanimplementationPoliticalgoodwillandstabilityprevailsInter-institutionalcoordinationandharmonyexists
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Monitoring and evaluation, activities and budget
8.1 Monitoring and evaluationMonitoringandevaluationwillbecontinuousthroughouttheplanperiod.Toguideevaluation,alog-frameworkwillbeinstitutionalized.Themonitoringcomponentwillinclude:
Evaluatingtheextentofacceptanceofthemanagementplanamongthestakeholdersandimplementers.Evaluatingtheimplementationofactivitiesbyevaluatingprogressreports,workprogrammesandworkplans,stakeholderinvolvementandparticipation.Monitorandevaluatetheimpactofmanagementprescriptions.Monitorbudgetallocations,expenditureandaccountingprocedures.MonitorandevaluatetheenvironmentalstatusoftheLakeanditscatchmentthroughuseofecological,socialandeconomicindicators.Monitorandevaluatetheresponsivenesstotheeducationandawarenessinitiatives.Monitorandevaluatetheextentofsecurityactivitiesinthereserve.
TheresponsibilityofmonitoringandevaluationlieswiththeplanimplementationcommitteeandthetwoCountyCouncilsmonitoringandevaluationunit.
8.2 Scheduled activities and outputsThisplanidentifiesactivitiesforthefirstfiveyearsandafterthisperiodactivitieswillbedrawnforsubsequentperiodsdependingonlevelofimplementationofactivitiesinthefirstfiveyears.
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Figure 9: The Proposed Management Plan Implementation Structure. (The structure is not hierarchical. The implementing committee can form other ad hoc committees as need arise)
District Development Committee
IMP Steering Committee
Government Lead Agencies NGOs and CBOs
Development PartnersDistrict Environment Committee
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
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rly p
rogr
ess
repo
rtsM
RD
, WW
F, L
A,
ME
&N
R, M
A, M
LF
Dev
elop
env
ironm
enta
l edu
catio
n m
ater
ials
Type
of m
ater
ials
dev
elop
edM
ater
ials
in p
lace
by
year
Th
ree
MR
D, W
WF,
LA
, M
E&
NR
MA
, MLF
Und
erta
ke e
nviro
nmen
tal e
duca
tion
prog
ram
me
No.
of V
illag
es re
ache
d6
villa
ges
in y
ear
WC
K, L
A,
ME
&N
R,
MA
, M
LF
Est
ablis
h de
mon
stra
tion
plot
sN
o. o
f plo
ts e
stab
lishe
d1
per v
illag
eW
WF,
LA
, MA
, MLF
, FD
Org
aniz
e w
orks
hops
for C
omm
unity
le
ader
sN
o. o
f wor
ksho
p or
gani
zed
in a
yea
r, 1
in a
yea
r, w
orks
hop
repo
rtsW
WF,
LA
8.2.
1Sc
hedu
led
acti
viti
es
2�
Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
III. E
xpan
d hu
man
wild
life
confl
ict
& c
omm
unity
, dev
elop
men
t &
en
terp
rise
proj
ects
to u
pper
ca
tchm
ent
Est
ablis
h ty
pes
& c
onfli
ct in
tens
ityC
onfli
ct re
port
Rep
ort i
n pl
ace
by y
ear 1
LA, C
omm
unity
Form
ulat
e co
nflic
t miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Miti
gatio
n st
atus
Rep
ort i
n pl
ace
by y
ear 1
LA C
omm
unity
, KW
S,
FD, W
RM
A, P
rov.
Adm
in
Iden
tify
com
mun
ity s
ocia
l pro
ject
sP
roje
cts
prop
osal
s in
pla
ce b
y ye
ar 2
No.
of p
ropo
sals
LA, C
omm
unity
Und
erta
ke c
omm
unity
soc
ial p
roje
cts
Type
of p
roje
ct in
pla
ce1
per c
onfli
ct z
one
LA C
omm
unity
Iden
tify
com
mun
ity e
nter
pris
e pr
ojec
tsP
roje
cts
prop
osal
s N
o. o
f pro
posa
lsLA
Com
mun
ity, D
onor
s
Impl
emen
t com
mun
ity e
nter
pris
e pr
ojec
ts
No.
of p
roje
cts
impl
emen
ted
1 pr
ojec
t per
yea
r & z
one
LA, D
onor
s, C
omm
unity
IV. R
eser
ve M
anag
emen
t
Hab
itat m
anag
emen
t (ve
geta
tion)
Iden
tify
key
habi
tats
and
est
ablis
h ca
rryi
ng c
apac
ity
Dat
aH
abita
t util
isat
ion
repo
rtK
WS
, UO
N, M
U, E
U,
WW
F, D
onor
s
Dev
elop
hab
itat m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
e (fi
re, M
echa
nica
l) to
mee
t re
serv
e go
als
Man
agem
ent p
rogr
amm
e re
port
1 P
rogr
amm
e re
port
KW
S, U
ON
, MU
, EU
, W
WF,
Don
ors
Impl
emen
t hab
itat m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
eP
rogr
amm
e pr
ogre
ss re
ports
Impr
oved
hab
itat
KW
S, U
ON
, MU
, EU
, W
WF,
Don
ors
• C
ontro
l bus
h en
croa
chm
ent
Bus
h co
ntro
l pro
gres
s re
port
Acr
eage
con
trolle
dK
WS
, UO
N, M
U,,
EU
, W
WF,
Don
ors
• O
pen
gras
s la
nds
Pro
gres
s re
port
Acr
eage
con
trolle
dK
WS
, UO
N, M
U, E
U,
WW
F, D
onor
s
• R
emov
e in
vasi
ve s
peci
esA
rea
cont
rolle
d pr
ogre
ss re
port
Acr
eage
rem
oved
KW
S, U
ON
, MU
, EU
, W
WF,
Don
ors
Dev
elop
wild
life
spec
ies
man
agem
ent
stra
tegy
S
trate
gy re
port
Pro
posa
l in
plac
e by
yea
r one
KW
S, U
ON
, MU
WW
F,
Spe
cies
Man
agem
ent
Kud
u, K
lip S
prin
ger a
nd o
ther
en
dang
ered
spe
cies
man
agem
ent
Pop
ulat
ion
of ta
rget
spe
cies
P
opul
atio
n gr
owth
of K
udu,
K
lip S
prin
ger a
nd o
ther
targ
et
spec
ies,
qua
rterly
repo
rts
KW
S, U
ON
, MU
, WW
F,
Don
ors
V. R
eser
ve M
aint
enan
ce &
m
anag
emen
t pro
gram
me
Com
plet
e S
taff
esta
blis
hmen
tC
adre
of S
taff
in p
lace
No.
of s
taff
recr
uite
dLB
NR
, LA
, KW
S, W
WF
Inst
itute
con
tinuo
us a
dapt
ive
Trai
ning
ne
eds
asse
ssm
ent
Ass
essm
ent r
epor
tN
eeds
iden
tified
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
Und
erta
ke re
leva
nt tr
aini
ngN
o. o
f per
sonn
el tr
aine
dIm
prov
ed e
ffici
ency
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
Enh
ance
con
tinue
d ca
paci
ty to
m
onito
r wat
er q
ualit
y riv
er le
vel a
nd
clim
ate
varia
bles
and
initi
ate
in u
pper
ca
tchm
ent
Dat
aIm
prov
ed e
nviro
nmen
tal
mon
itorin
gLB
NR
, LA
, KW
S, W
WF
Was
te m
anag
emen
t with
in re
serv
e an
d en
viro
nsP
rogr
ess
repo
rts o
n w
est
man
agem
ent
Was
te m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
es in
pla
ceLB
NR
�0
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
A. I
nfra
stru
ctur
e
(i) W
ater
sup
ply
Iden
tify
wat
er s
ourc
es &
und
erta
ke
wat
er d
istri
butio
n su
rvey
Dis
tribu
tion
map
for w
ater
sou
rces
&
poi
nts
Sou
rces
& d
istri
butio
n po
ints
ou
tlay
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
Sup
ply
wat
er to
cam
p si
tes,
sta
ff ho
uses
, sch
ool &
clin
icW
ater
sup
ply
at d
esig
nate
d po
ints
Wat
er a
vaila
bilit
y w
here
de
sire
dLB
NR
, LA
, KW
S, W
WF
(ii) R
oads
Clo
se a
nd u
pgra
de a
s ne
cess
ary
Clo
sure
and
upg
radi
ngIm
prov
ed ro
ad n
etw
ork
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
Rou
tine
road
mai
nten
ance
Mai
ntai
ned
road
s A
cces
sibl
e ro
ads.
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
(iii)
Bui
ldin
gs &
hou
sing
Mai
nten
ance
of e
xist
ing
build
ings
and
pr
ovid
e st
aff a
ccom
mod
atio
n
Pro
vide
ade
quat
e of
fice
spac
e
Con
ditio
n of
bui
ldin
gs, a
ll R
ange
rs
hous
ed in
LB
NR
sta
ff qu
arte
rs b
y ye
ar 3
Offi
ce b
lock
read
y by
yea
r 4
Impr
ovem
ent o
f bui
ldin
gs,
impr
oved
hou
sing
for
Ran
gers
, im
prov
ed o
ffice
ac
com
mod
atio
n
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
(iv) E
duca
tion
cent
re h
oste
lsC
onst
ruct
ion
50 b
ed h
oste
l and
as
soci
ated
faci
litie
sS
truct
ures
in p
lace
An
enha
nced
and
effe
ctiv
e ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
me
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
1. S
ecur
ityR
ange
r pat
rols
Qua
rterly
pat
rol r
epor
ts/O
B/
Rep
orte
d in
secu
rity
inci
denc
esR
eser
ve s
ecur
e/in
cide
nces
of
inse
curit
yLB
NR
, LA
, KW
S, W
WF
Inte
llige
nce
info
rmat
ion
gath
erin
gS
itrep
s re
ports
Tour
ist i
nsec
urity
min
imis
edLB
NR
, LA
, KW
S, W
WF
Pro
cure
men
t of s
ecur
ity e
quip
men
tE
quip
men
t in
plac
eC
onve
nien
t dat
a ga
ther
ing
LBN
R, L
A, K
WS
, WW
F
2. T
ouris
m(a
) Pro
mot
ion
Pro
duce
tour
ist i
nfor
mat
ion
mat
eria
ls
B
roch
ures
P
amph
lets
M
aps
Web
site
Type
and
num
ber o
f mat
eria
ls
prod
uced
& th
eir a
vaila
bilit
yIn
crea
se in
vis
itatio
n &
ap
prec
iatio
nLB
NR
, LA
, KTB
, KAT
O,
WW
F, K
WS
Dev
elop
oth
er to
uris
m fa
cilit
ies
Qua
lity
Faci
litie
s in
pla
ce1
of e
ach
faci
lity
read
y by
ye
ar 3
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
(b) D
iver
sify
Tou
rism
Est
ablis
h To
uris
t fac
ilitie
sFa
cilit
ies
in p
lace
Rea
dy b
y ye
ar 2
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
Feas
ibili
ty s
tudy
& d
esig
ns fo
r a s
afar
i w
alk
arou
nd
Pro
gres
s re
port
Saf
ari w
alk
repo
rtLB
NR
, LA
, KTB
, KAT
O,
WW
F, K
WS
Feas
ibili
ty s
tudy
for n
ight
gam
e dr
ives
Pro
gres
s re
port
Nig
ht g
ame
driv
e re
port
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
Dev
elop
tour
ist c
ircui
t in
the
catc
hmen
tC
ircui
t rep
ort1
Rep
ort
1 re
port
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
Est
ablis
h cu
ltura
l cen
treE
stab
lishe
d cu
ltura
l cen
tre1
cultu
ral c
entre
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
Con
trol a
cces
s to
the
hot s
prin
gsN
umbe
r of i
ncid
ents
Red
uced
inci
dent
sLB
NR
, LA
, KTB
, KAT
O,
WW
F, K
WS
�1
Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
(c) T
ouris
t Fac
ilitie
sC
onst
ruct
gua
rd ra
il at
vie
w p
oint
sG
uard
rail
in p
lace
Visi
tor s
afet
yLB
NR
, LA
, KTB
, KAT
O,
WW
F, K
WS
Ope
n ca
mps
ite a
t the
Nya
lilpu
ch
esca
rpm
ent
Cam
psite
est
ablis
hed
Incr
ease
d ca
mpi
ng fa
cilit
ies
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
Dev
elop
nat
ure
trail
Trai
ls o
pene
dN
ew tr
ails
in p
lace
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
Dev
elop
tour
ist i
nfor
mat
ion
cent
reW
ork
repo
rtsIn
form
atio
n ce
ntre
in p
lace
LBN
R, L
A, K
TB, K
ATO
, W
WF,
KW
S
3. C
omm
unity
Dev
elop
men
t and
C
atch
men
t Man
agem
ent
Initi
ate
com
mun
ity b
ased
dev
elop
men
t pr
ogra
mm
es in
the
uppe
r cat
chm
ent
and
enha
nce
ongo
ing
low
er c
atch
men
t co
mm
unity
bas
ed d
evel
opm
ent
prog
ram
mes
Pro
gres
s re
ports
on
com
mun
ity
deve
lopm
ent,
repo
rts o
n co
mm
unity
in
com
e an
d po
verty
leve
ls
Impr
oved
com
mun
ity in
com
e le
vels
Com
mun
ity C
BO
s,
NG
Os,
GO
K,
Dev
elop
men
t par
tner
s
Reh
abili
tatio
n of
deg
rade
d si
tes
in b
oth
uppe
r and
low
er c
atch
men
t are
asN
umbe
r of s
ites
reha
bilit
ated
and
th
eir s
tate
Impr
oved
env
ironm
ent a
nd
sust
aina
ble
livel
ihoo
dsC
omm
unity
CB
Os,
N
GO
s, G
OK
, Hig
her
lear
ning
and
rese
arch
in
stitu
tions
Afo
rest
atio
n (o
n fa
rm tr
ee p
lant
ing)
No.
of s
eedl
ings
pla
nted
Incr
ease
in tr
ee c
over
FD, C
omm
unity
,
Cam
paig
n ag
ains
t pol
ythe
ne a
nd
plas
tics
Red
uced
litte
ring
Cle
an e
nviro
nmen
tC
omm
unity
, LB
NR
Con
stitu
te L
and
use
plan
ning
team
to
co-o
rdin
ate
land
use
Team
in p
lace
Min
imiz
ed la
nd u
se c
onfli
cts
Sta
keho
lder
s &
GO
K
Riv
er b
ank
reha
bilit
atio
nR
ehab
ilita
tion
prog
ress
repo
rtre
duce
d si
ltatio
nM
EN
R, C
omm
unity
Soi
l ero
sion
con
trol
Soi
l con
trol m
easu
res
in p
lace
Red
uced
silt
atio
n &
ero
sion
ME
NR
, lan
d ow
ners
, W
WF,
CB
Os
Con
trol W
ater
abs
tract
ion
from
rive
rs &
gr
ound
wat
erW
ater
regu
latio
n re
port
Sus
tain
ed ri
ver fl
owM
EN
R, C
omm
unity
, S
take
hold
ers
Pro
mot
e E
nerg
y co
nser
vatio
n (J
ikos
)N
o. o
f hom
este
ads
usin
g en
ergy
sa
ving
Jik
osR
educ
ed u
se o
f fue
l woo
dC
omm
unity
CB
Os,
N
GO
s, G
OK
Sur
face
runo
ff ha
rves
ting
alon
g ro
ads
No.
of p
eopl
e in
volv
ed ,
dam
s &
Ta
nks
in p
lace
Red
uced
ero
sion
, silt
atio
n &
ab
stra
ctio
n of
wat
erC
omm
unity
CB
Os,
N
GO
s, G
OK
Initi
ate
long
term
mon
itorin
g pr
ogra
mm
e on
land
use
, rai
nfal
l and
riv
er fl
ow
Dat
aD
etec
tion
of tr
ends
KW
S, U
ON
, MU
�2
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
4. R
eser
ve Z
onat
ion
Dev
elop
a z
onat
ion
map
Map
in p
lace
Map
LBN
R
Clo
se a
cces
s ro
ads
to E
aste
rn &
w
este
rn s
hore
line
exc
ept a
t the
de
sign
ated
obs
erva
tion
poin
ts
Roa
d cl
osed
Min
imiz
ed v
isito
r im
pact
/ha
bita
t rec
over
yLB
NR
Clo
se a
cces
s to
San
dai r
iver
mou
th
Acc
ess
clos
edS
ecur
ed h
abita
t & im
prov
edLB
NR
Clo
se u
nnec
essa
ry ro
ads
in th
e R
eser
veR
oads
clo
sed
Sec
ured
hab
itat &
impr
oved
LBN
R
Con
stru
ct a
rais
ed ra
il to
con
trol v
isito
r cl
ose
prox
imity
to L
obur
u ge
yser
sFa
cilit
y in
pla
ceS
ecur
ed h
abita
t & im
prov
edLB
NR
• Cat
chm
ent Z
onat
ion
Iden
tify
fragi
le a
reas
(Ste
ep s
lope
s,
low
land
s fra
gile
soi
ls, r
ainf
all z
ones
)A
reas
iden
tified
Frag
ile a
reas
repo
rtA
ll st
akeh
olde
rs,
land
owne
rs
Pro
tect
frag
ile h
abita
tsA
reas
pro
tect
edS
ecur
ed h
abita
tA
ll st
akeh
olde
rs,
land
owne
rs
Iden
tify
land
use
type
sM
ap in
pla
ceC
atch
men
t lan
d us
e zo
nes
Res
earc
h In
stitu
tions
, LB
NR
Qua
ntify
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s of
va
rious
land
use
type
sD
ata
Impa
cts
quan
tified
by
land
use
Res
earc
h In
stitu
tions
, LB
NR
Soc
io e
cono
mic
sur
vey
Dat
aS
ocio
-eco
nom
ic c
ateg
orie
s id
entifi
edR
esea
rch
Inst
itutio
ns
5. R
esea
rch
To s
treng
then
man
agem
ent t
hrou
gh
gene
ratio
n of
sci
entifi
c in
form
atio
n by
I. U
nder
taki
ng e
colo
gica
l mon
itorin
g
I. Ec
olog
ical
mon
itorin
g
Vege
tatio
n m
onito
ring
Rep
orts
on
vege
tatio
n tre
nds
Vege
tatio
n tre
nds
repo
rts
Pro
gram
me
in p
lace
1 re
port
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
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A. I
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��
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
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ater
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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Appendices
Appendix 1: Trees and shrubs of Lake Bogoria National Reserve and its environsScientific Name Common Name Local Name Scientific Name Common Name Local NameBoscia angustifolia Linto Opuntia opuntia Prickly cactus MatunchiateAcacia milliner Hook thorn Ngorore Warbugia ugandesis SokeGrecian villas Mokuywe Grevia bicolor SiteweCasaba farinose Imbirikwo Rrhus natalensis Red currant SiriandeVaries glomeration Chepkoriande Acacia tortilis Umbrella thorn SesiaAcacia militia Egyptian thorn Chepiywe Aloe secundiflora Aloe TangaretweAcacia deficient Barsule Maema angolense CheboskeweCumbersome aculeate Kamsalawa Kigelia africana Sausage RotinwoGrecian tuna Toronwe Calotropis procera Elephant apple LopusakiiCappers trascularis Korobuywe Cordial ovalis cordia TembererweCumbersome hereroense Miskitwe Acalypha indica Walbeyon/
jepnondosSalvadora persica Toothbrush tree Sokotoiwo Aclyrantha aspera ChesirimBalanite aegyptiaca Desert date Ngoswe Albublin spp. Kipnyali/kiptulwaAcacia brevispiza Wait-a-bit thorn Gornista Boscia salicifolia KuriondeCasaba edulis Eidumeitolyon Cucumis spp SolopchesinyAlchornea fruticosa Lokurwe Euphorbia tirucalli Finger euphorbia KormotwoCissus rotundifolia Rorowe Maerua triphylla RosonBerchemioa discolor Wild almond Muchukwe Ludwigia spp. ChepchorusionCommiphora samharansis Kelepmoi Lycium europaeum Kipyambatia
/kipnagetEuphorbia scartina Ele Gardenia ternifolia KipbulwoCommiphora edulis Masian Albizia amara KotutwoCroton dischogamus Kelelwe Commifora africana TolginySterculia stenocapa Mukoywo Acacia gerrardii SibeldiAdenum venenata Sotoplekech Olea europaea Brown olive TemtitAdenum obesum somalensis
Simbalwe Pappea capensis Kibiriokwo
Lannea triphylla Tabuye Solanum nignum SojonteAlbizia anthelmintica Barmukunte Syzygium gguineense/
cordataLomoiwo
Terminalia brownee Koloswo Lanea fulua LelitAspragus africana Tobororwe Dodonaea angustifolia/
viscosahopbush Tibilibkwo
Cumbersome molle Cumbersome Chepchopoiwo Ocorea kenyesis KipnagetAcacia senegalis Gum Arabic
thornChemange Tarchonanthus comphoratus Lelekwet
Dichrostachy cinerea Tinet Carrisa edulis LegetetwetZiziphus macronata Buffalo thorn Noiwet Pisticia aethopica tuldaEuphorbia candlebrum Kunes Ficus thonningii Strangler fig SimotweOrmocarpum kenieuse Chemoyukobil Phyllantus zepialis Ariab lakwaAcacia ceyal White thorn Lengne Crateva adansonii KolewonHaplocoelum foliotosum Kokonte Lantana camara KetipDiospyros scabra Tuwetye Meyna tetraphyila TilingwoCissus quadringularis Sungurtutwe Terminalia spinosa TukuwemetZanthoxylum chalybeum Knob wood Kokchante Acacia drepanolobium Whistling thorn NgoweMaema subcordata Chepuluswo Premna resinosa Britapta/kekechMaema decumbens Monogwo Arundinalia alpina Mountain bamboo TegandeAcacia hockii Tilatilie Vanguemia madagascarensis KomolweTarmarindus indica Tarmarind Orwe Ficus sycomorus Sycomore fig Lokoywe
��
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Appendix 2. Lake Bogoria National Reserve checklist of mammals
Common name Scientific name Remark
Greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros Threatened
Cape buffalo Syncerus caffer Rarely seen
Impala Aepyceros melampus rendilis Common
Grants gazelle Gazella granti Common
Dikdik Rhynchotragus kirki Common
Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus Rare
Blue duiker Cephalophus caeruleus Rare
Yellow – backed duiker Cephalophus silvicultor Rare
Anubis baboon Papio anubis Common
Leopard Panthera pardus Very rare
Serval cat Felis (Leptailurus) serval Very rare
Wildcat Felis (Sylvestris) libyca Very rare
Common waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus Rare
Wart hog Phacochoerus aethiopicus Common
Bush pig Potamochoerus porcus Common
Common jackal Canis aureus Common
Spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta Rare
Stripped hyena Hyaena hyaena Rare
Bat-eared fox Otocyon megalotis Rare
Burchell’s zebra Equus (Hippotigris) burchelli Common
Patas monkey Erythrocebus patas Rare
Vervet monkey Cercopithecus pygerythrus Common
Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus Rare
Aardvark Orycteropus afer Rare
��
Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Appendix 3. Lake Bogoria National Reserve checklist of birdsCommon Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific NameCommon Ostrich Struthio camelus Jackson’s Francolin Francolinus jacksoniLittle Grebe Tachibuptus ruficollis Crested Francolin Francolinus saphaenaBlack necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostrisGreat-white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Grey Crown Crane Balearica regulorumCattle Egret bubulcus ibis Black-winged Stilt Himantopujsn himantopusStriaed/Green-backed Heron butorides striatu Pied Avocet Recurviurosta avosettaLittle Egret Egretta garzeta Spur winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosusGredy Heron Ardea cinerea Crowned Lapwing Vanellus coronatusBlack-headed Heron Ardea malanocephala Black-headed lapwing Vanellus tectusHamerkop scopus umbretta Kittlitz’s plover Charadrius pecuariusYellow-billed stork Mycteria ibis Three-banded plover Charadrius tricollarisWooly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus Common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticulaMarabou stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus Lesser sandpiper Chandarius mongolusSacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus Little Bee-eater Merops pasilliusHadada ibis Bostrychia hagedash Cinammon-chested Bee-eater Meros oreobatesGlossy ibis Bostrychia falcinellus European Bee-eater Merops apiasterGreater flamingo Phoenicopterus rubber Madagascar Bee-eater Merops superiliosusLesser flamingo Phoenicopterus minor Lilac breasted Roller Coraciass caudateEgyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus Green Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus purpureusSpur- winged goose Plectopterus gambensis African Hoopoe Upupa AfricanaKnob–billed duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Red- billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchusWhite –faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata Von der Deckens Hornbill Tockus deckeniCape Teal Anas capensis Jackson’s Hornbill Tockus jacksoniYellow-billed Kite Milvus parasiticus African Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutusAfrican fish eagle Haliaeetus vocifer Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillusAfrican Harrier-Hawk Polyboroides typus Red-fronted Barbet Tricholaema diademataAugar buzzard Buteo augur Black throated Barbet Tricholaema melanocephalaCommon buzzard Buteo buteo White -headed Barbet Lybius leucocephalusMontangu’s Harrier Circus ranivorus d’Arnaud’s Barbet Trachyphonus darnaudiiDark Chantineg Goshhawk Melierax metabates Red and Yellow Barbet Trachyphonus erythrophalusGabar Goshhawk Micronisus gabar Lesser Honeyguide Indicator minorTawny Eagle Aquila rapax Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubicaSteppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescnsVerreaux Eagle Aquila verreauxii Bearded Woodpecker Dendropicos namaquusMartial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosdus Grey Woodpecker Dendropicos goertaePygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus Fischer’s Sparrow Lark Eremopterix leucopareiaPeregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Rock Martin Hirundo filigulaHelmeted Guinea fowl Numida meleagris Plain Martin Riparia paludicolaRed-rumped Swallow Hirundo fuligula Sand Martin Riparia ripariaLesser striped swallow Hirundo abyssinica African scops-owl Otus senegalensisBarn swallow Hirundo rustica Verreaux’s eagle-owl Bubo lacteusWire-tailed swallow Hirundo smithii Pearl-spotted owlet Glaucidium perlatumAfrican pied wagtail Motacilla lutea Little swift Apus affinisCommon bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus White-rumped swift Apus cafferAfrican thrush Turdus pelios Mottled swift Apus aequatorialisIsabelline wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka Nyanza swift Apus niansaeSported morning Thrush Cichladusa guttata Eurasian swift Apus apusGrey-baked camaroptera Camaptera brachyuran Speckled mousebird Colias striatusSouthern black flycatcher Melaenornis pammelaina Blue-naped mouse bird Urocolias macrourusAfrican grey flycatcher Bradornis microrhynchus Red-faced mouse bird Urocolias indicusSilverbird Empidornis semipartitus Grey-headed kingfisher Halcyon leucocephalaRufous chatterer Turdoides rubiginosus Woodland kingfisher Halcyon senegalensisNorthern pied babbler Turdoides hypoleucus Malachite kingfisher Alcedo cristataWhite-bellied tit Parus albiventris African pigmy kingfisher Ispidina pictaNorthern grey tit Parus thruppi Beautiful sunbird Cinnyris pulchellaRed-throated tit Parus fringillinus Eastern violet-backed sunbird Anthreptes orientalisRuff Philomanchus pugnax Common fiscal Lanius collarisCommon sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Long-tailed fiscal Lanius cabanisiWood sandpiper Tringa glareola Grey-backed fiscal Lanius excubitoroidesGreen sandpiper Tringer ochropus Slate-coloured boubou Laniarius funebris
�0
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Common greenshank Tringa nebularis Brubru Nilaus aferMarsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Black-backed puffback Dryoscopus cubiaSpotted redshank Tringa erythropus Nothern White-crowned shrike Eurocephalus rueppelliLittle stint Calidris minuta Fork-tailed drongo Dicrurus adsimilisCurlew sandpiper Calidris ferriginea Pied crow Corvus albusCommon snipe Gallinago gallinago African black-headed oriole Oriolus larvatusLichtenstein’s sand grouse Pterocles lichtensteinii African golden oriole Oriolus auratusAfrica green-pigeon Treron calva Red-billed oxpecker Buphagus erythrorhynchusSpeckled pigeon Columba guinea Ashy starling Cosmopsarus unicolorEmerald-spotted wood-dove Turtur chalcospilos Ruppell’s long-tailed starling Lamprotornis purpuropterusNamaqua dove Oena capensis Magpie starling Speculipastor bicolarRing-necked dove Streptopelia capicola Supurb starling Lamprotornis superbusRed-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata Wattled starling Creatophora cinereaAfrican mourning dove Streptopelia decipiens House sparrow Passer domesticaLaughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis Chestnut sparrow Passer eminibeyWhite-belied go-away-bird Corythaixoides leucogaster Grey-headed sparrow Passer griseusWhite-browed coucal Centropus superciliosus White-browed sparrow-weaver Plocepasser mahaliWhite-billed buffalo-weaver Bubalornis albirostris White-headed buffalo-weaver Dinemellia dinemelliNorthern masked weaver Ploceus taeniopterus Pin-tailed whydah Vidua macrouraSpeke’s weaver Ploceus spekei Straw-tailed whydah Vidua fischeriJackson’s Golden-backed weaver
Ploceus jacksoni Steel-blue whydah Vidua hypocherina
Red-headed weaver Anaplectes rubriceps Village indigobird Vidua chalybeateRed-cheeked cordon-bleu Uraeginthus bengalus African citril Serinus citrinelloidesBlue-capped cordon-bleu Uraeginthus cyanocephalus Streaky seedeater Serinus striolatusRed-billed firefinch Lagonosticta senegala
�1
Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
App
endi
x 4:
Inst
itutio
nal L
inka
ges
Inst
itutio
nFu
nctio
nsPo
tent
ial r
ole
Cap
acity
Are
a of
ope
ratio
n
LAU
rban
& R
eser
ve D
evel
opm
ent
Urb
an P
lann
ing,
dev
elop
men
t & P
ollu
tion
cont
rol
Em
pow
ered
to e
nact
loca
l G
over
nmen
t pol
icy,
has
pol
itica
l in
fluen
ce
Cou
nty
KW
SW
ildlif
e M
anag
emen
t &
Con
serv
atio
nB
iodi
vers
ity &
Nat
ure
cons
erva
tion,
Tou
rist
deve
lopm
ent
Stro
ng n
et w
ork,
lim
ited
reso
urce
s in
co
mpa
rison
to m
anda
teN
atio
nal P
arks
, For
est
Res
erve
s an
d C
omm
uniti
es,
biod
iver
sity
are
asFo
rest
Dep
artm
ent
Fore
stry
Con
serv
atio
n &
de
velo
pmen
tIm
plem
enta
tion
of fo
rest
man
agem
ent &
ext
ensi
on,
catc
hmen
t con
serv
atio
nS
trong
net
wor
k, w
eak
in re
sour
ces
Gaz
ette
d fo
rest
s an
d ex
tens
ion
coun
try w
ide
Wat
er D
epar
tmen
tC
onse
rvat
ion
& a
ppor
tionm
ent o
f w
ater
reso
urce
sP
rote
ctio
n of
wat
er s
uppl
y &
the
catc
hmen
t, riv
er
bank
pro
tect
ion
Stro
ng n
etw
ork,
wea
k in
reso
urce
sN
atio
n-w
ide
and
loca
l
Dis
trict
Env
ironm
ent
Com
mitt
eeC
oord
inat
ion
of e
nviro
nmen
tal
prot
ectio
n an
d co
nser
vatio
n ac
tiviti
esM
obili
zatio
n of
env
ironm
enta
l act
ors
and
mon
itorin
g of
env
ironm
enta
l con
ditio
nsS
trong
net
wor
k th
roug
h el
ecte
d le
ader
s, li
mite
d re
sour
ces
&
tech
nica
l kno
w-h
ow
Dis
trict
leve
l upt
o C
omm
uniti
es
Dis
trict
Dev
elop
men
t C
omm
ittee
Pla
nnin
g &
coo
rdin
atio
n of
de
velo
pmen
t act
iviti
esM
obili
zatio
n of
Com
mun
ities
, fee
dbac
k &
eva
luat
ion
of p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ities
at D
istri
ct le
vel a
nd la
ndus
e pl
anni
ng
Wea
k, la
ck o
f ski
lled
man
pow
er &
re
sour
ces
com
pare
d to
man
date
Dis
trict
leve
l
Ken
ya A
gric
ultu
ral R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
Agr
icul
tura
l Res
earc
h &
info
rmat
ion
diss
emin
atio
nR
esea
rch
& a
dvis
e on
agr
icul
tura
l asp
ects
Stro
ng in
rese
arch
, tec
hnic
al k
now
-ho
w.
Nat
ion-
wid
e w
ith
inte
rnat
iona
l con
tact
sN
atio
nal M
useu
m o
f Ken
yaR
esea
rch,
Edu
catio
n &
con
serv
atio
n of
her
itage
Res
earc
h &
info
rmat
ion
prov
isio
n on
bio
dive
rsity
&
cultu
ral a
spec
tsS
trong
in re
sear
chN
atio
nal
WW
F an
d ot
her N
GO
’s o
r C
BO
’sC
omm
unity
bas
ed d
evel
opm
ent &
co
nser
vatio
n in
itiat
ives
Mob
iliza
tion,
Con
serv
atio
n, E
duca
tion
& a
war
enes
s an
d R
esea
rch
Stro
ng n
etw
ork
& re
sour
ces
Nak
uru
catc
hmen
t
WC
KE
duca
tion
Mob
iliza
tion
& e
duca
tion
Stro
ng n
etw
ork
Nat
ion
wid
e
KR
EM
UN
atur
al re
sour
ces
surv
ey a
nd
rese
arch
Res
earc
hS
trong
in re
sear
ch, t
echn
ical
kno
w-
how
. N
atio
n-w
ide
with
in
tern
atio
nal c
onta
cts
Agr
icul
ture
Dep
artm
ent
Agr
icul
tura
l dev
elop
men
tS
oil e
rosi
on a
nd s
iltat
ion
cont
rol,
eutro
phic
atio
n co
ntro
l, ag
ro-c
hem
ical
pol
lutio
n co
ntro
l, riv
er b
asin
pr
otec
tion
and
catc
hmen
t pro
tect
ion
Stro
ng n
etw
orki
ng li
mite
d by
re
sour
ces
com
pare
d to
man
date
, te
chni
cal k
now
how
.H
ighe
r Lea
rnin
g In
stitu
tions
Res
earc
h an
d ed
ucat
ion
Res
earc
h an
d ed
ucat
ion,
info
rmat
ion
diss
emin
atio
nS
trong
in re
sear
ch, t
echn
ical
kno
w-
how
. N
atio
n-w
ide
with
in
tern
atio
nal c
onta
cts
�2
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Man
agem
ent U
nit/a
rea
Issu
esO
ptio
nsIm
plem
enta
tion
Str
ateg
yM
anag
emen
t Aut
hori
ty/im
plem
ente
rs
catc
hmen
tA
ffore
stat
ion
Est
ablis
h tre
e nu
rser
ies
Fore
st D
epar
tmen
t to
give
tech
nica
l exp
ertis
e in
af
fore
stat
ion
proc
ess.
Oth
er a
genc
ies
to g
ive
logi
stic
al
supp
ort.
Com
mun
ity to
pla
y an
act
ive
role
in fo
rest
es
tabl
ishm
ent.
Fore
st d
epar
tmen
t, Lo
cal c
omm
unity
and
ot
her c
onse
rvat
ion
agen
cies
Fore
st re
habi
litat
ion
Tree
pla
ntin
g on
com
mun
al b
asis
Fore
st D
ept.,
Com
mun
ityO
n fa
rm tr
ee p
lant
ing
Com
mun
ity to
pla
nt, w
ith te
chni
cal a
dvic
e fro
m th
e fo
rest
de
partm
ent.
Oth
er a
genc
ies
like
WW
F to
ass
ist
Fore
st d
epar
tmen
t, C
omm
unity
, WW
F an
d A
gric
ultu
reD
efor
esta
tion
Stri
ct a
dher
ence
to e
xist
ing
law
Fore
st g
uard
s an
d K
WS
rang
ers
to a
ppre
hend
la
wbr
eake
rs.
Fore
st D
epar
tmen
t, K
WS
, Loc
al a
utho
rity,
an
d La
w c
ourts
.E
duca
tion
and
awar
enes
s on
the
harm
ful e
ffect
s of
def
ores
tatio
nTr
aini
ng o
f edu
catio
nist
s an
d ex
tens
ion
offic
ers
whi
le
mob
ilisi
ng c
omm
uniti
es th
roug
h a
botto
m u
p ap
proa
ch.
WW
F, W
CK
and
KW
S e
duca
tion
prog
ram
mes
Soi
l ero
sion
, S
iltat
ion
and
eutro
phic
atio
n
Terr
acin
gA
gric
ultu
re to
iden
tify
area
s fo
r ter
race
s &
pro
vide
Te
chni
cal a
dvic
eA
gric
ultu
re, C
omm
unity
, WW
F
Terr
ace
prot
ectio
nC
omm
unity
to u
nder
take
em
bank
men
tA
gric
ultu
re, C
omm
unity
Agr
ofor
estry
/win
d br
eaks
Agr
icul
ture
to a
dvic
e co
mm
unity
on
sust
aina
ble
met
hods
of
agr
ofor
estry
Agr
icul
ture
, For
est,
Com
mun
ity, W
WF
Land
use
pla
nnin
gP
hysi
cal p
lann
er to
ens
ure
land
use
and
pla
nnin
g co
nfirm
to
IEM
Phy
sica
l Pla
nner
, Adm
inis
tratio
n
Con
tour
plo
ughi
ng
Agr
icul
ture
to e
nsur
e al
l far
m o
n sl
oppy
gro
unds
are
te
rrac
edA
gric
ultu
re, L
ocal
Com
mun
ity
Mig
ratio
n an
d La
nd p
rosp
ectin
gS
treng
then
the
exis
ting
law
s on
land
en
croa
chm
ent a
nd p
rosp
ectin
g.
Aut
horit
ies
in c
harg
e of
land
adj
udic
atio
n be
sen
sitis
ed o
n en
viro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s.M
inis
tries
of L
ands
– E
nviro
nmen
t, K
WS
, W
WF,
WC
KD
isco
urag
e sq
uatte
rs a
nd re
loca
tion
of p
eopl
e es
peci
ally
trib
al c
lash
vi
ctim
s.
Awar
enes
s an
d ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
mes
esp
ecia
lly
for m
igra
nt la
ndow
ners
not
fam
iliar
with
cer
tain
en
viro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s.
WW
F, W
CK
, KW
S, M
EN
R, M
LS
Ove
rpop
ulat
ion
Pla
n fo
r rap
idly
exp
andi
ng
popu
latio
n. E
ncou
rage
fam
ily
plan
ning
stra
tegi
es e
spec
ially
whe
re
popu
latio
n ar
e yo
uthf
ul.
Con
stru
ctio
n of
hou
sing
sc
hem
es th
at p
ut e
nviro
nmen
tal.
cons
ider
atio
ns in
to p
lace
Min
istri
es o
f Env
ironm
ent,
Hea
lth, P
lann
ing
etc
to w
ork
in
conc
ert a
nd a
rticu
late
issu
es o
f mut
ual c
once
rn.
Stre
ss
fam
ily p
lann
ing
as a
way
of r
educ
ing
over
relia
nce
on
natu
ral r
esou
rces
Min
istri
es o
f Hea
lth, P
lann
ing,
Env
to w
ork
in
conc
ert a
nd w
ith lo
gica
l sup
port
from
KW
S,
WW
F, W
CK
sch
ools
and
chu
rche
s.
App
endi
x 5:
Inst
itutio
nal f
ram
ewor
k an
d co
llabo
ratio
n
��
Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Man
agem
ent U
nit/a
rea
Issu
esO
ptio
nsIm
plem
enta
tion
Str
ateg
yM
anag
emen
t Aut
hori
ty /i
mpl
emen
ters
Cat
chm
ent
Agr
icul
ture
Inte
grat
ed fa
rm u
seA
gric
ultu
re to
con
form
to IE
MA
gric
ultu
re, C
omm
unity
Agr
o-ch
emic
als
Con
trol l
each
ing
Agr
icul
ture
to c
onfir
m to
Agr
o-ch
emic
al c
ontro
lA
gric
ultu
re, C
omm
unity
Avoi
d us
e of
non
bio
degr
adab
le a
gro-
chem
ical
sP
rom
ote
use
and
appl
icat
ion
of b
iode
grad
able
ferti
lizer
s.
Agr
icul
ture
to tr
ain
farm
ers
on u
se o
f bio
degr
adab
leA
gric
ultu
re, C
omm
unity
Riv
er b
ank
prot
ectio
nU
se 3
0 m
stri
p fo
r gra
ss p
lots
and
fo
rest
ryA
gric
ultu
re a
nd la
ndow
ners
to e
nsur
e th
is s
trip
is u
sed
wis
ely.
E.g
. Lik
e gr
owin
g gr
ass
Agr
icul
ture
, Com
mun
ity
Urb
an C
entre
sIn
frast
ruct
ure
deve
lopm
ent
Con
trol s
urfa
ce ru
n-of
fP
ublic
wor
ks a
nd c
omm
unity
to e
nsur
e ro
ads
have
ad
equa
te a
nd re
leva
nt d
rain
age
syst
ems
in p
lace
Pub
lic w
orks
, Com
mun
ity, A
ll
Fuel
Woo
dA
grof
ores
tryC
omm
unity
to p
lat t
rees
and
use
ene
rgy
savi
ng ji
kos
in
each
hom
e st
ead;
Tra
in c
omm
unity
on
ener
gy c
onse
rvat
ion
Com
mun
ity, F
ores
t, A
ll
Use
of e
nerg
y co
nser
ving
sto
ves
Land
use
/P
lann
ing
Enc
oura
ge In
tegr
ated
land
use
pr
actic
esP
hysi
cal p
lann
er, A
dmin
istra
tion,
Lan
ds a
nd s
ettle
men
t to
ensu
re a
ll pl
ans
com
ply
to IE
MA
LL
Pol
lutio
n (S
olid
an
d Li
quid
w
aste
)
Incr
ease
mon
itorin
g of
sol
id a
nd
liqui
d w
aste
pol
lutio
n e.
g. o
il sp
illag
e by
trac
ks a
nd h
ouse
hold
effl
uent
s in
to ri
vers
.
Loca
l aut
horit
ies
to e
nhan
ce e
fforts
in c
olla
bora
ting
toge
ther
and
with
oth
ers
espe
cial
ly in
are
as w
here
they
ha
ve n
o ju
risdi
ctio
n.
Loca
l Cou
ncils
NE
MA
Dra
inag
eA
sses
s w
ater
take
offs
and
usa
ge in
im
porta
nt c
atch
men
t are
as s
uch
as
Sub
ukia
Wat
er d
epar
tmen
t to
prov
ide
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce,
oth
er
inst
itutio
ns to
pro
vide
logi
stic
al s
uppo
rt.W
ater
dep
artm
ent,
Loca
l cou
ncils
, WW
F
Und
erta
ke E
IA’s
on
bore
hole
co
nstru
ctio
n an
d w
ater
dis
tribu
tion
stra
tegi
es
Edu
cate
and
cre
ate
awar
enes
s on
the
wis
e us
e pr
inci
ple.
WW
F, K
WS
, WC
K, M
inis
try o
f Wat
er.
��
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Man
agem
ent U
nit/a
rea
Issu
esO
ptio
nsIm
plem
enta
tion
Str
ateg
yM
anag
emen
t Aut
hori
ty/im
plem
ente
rs
Nat
iona
l Res
erve
Wild
life
dyna
mic
s,
Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
Man
age
stoc
king
rate
s an
d po
pula
tions
of w
ildlif
e sp
ecie
sE
stab
l�sh
Par
k E
colo
g�ca
l mon
�tor�n
g pr
ogra
mm
e &
de
term
�ne
Par
k b�
omas
s by
:B
iom
ass
estim
atio
nC
ensu
sR
emot
e se
nsin
g
• • •
KW
S, C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Est
ablis
h P
ark
spec
ies
carr
ying
cap
aciti
esK
W C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Man
age
spec
�es
stoc
ks b
y:C
ullin
gE
xcha
nge
Trad
e
• • •
KW
S C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Hab
itat
man
agem
ent
Est
ablis
h ha
bita
t man
agem
ent
prog
ram
mes
Dev
elop
& im
plem
ent A
ctiv
e ha
bita
t man
agem
ent
prog
ram
me
like:
Fire
regi
me
& p
rogr
amm
eH
abita
t mec
hani
cal c
ontro
lZo
natio
n
• • •
KW
S C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Pol
lutio
nM
anag
e po
llutio
n le
vels
, co
llabo
rate
and
net
wor
k w
ith o
ther
in
stitu
tions
Dev
elop
wat
er q
ualit
y m
onito
ring
prog
ram
me
KW
S, C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Enc
oura
ge K
AR
I to
play
a ro
le IP
MK
AR
I, K
WS
, Cou
nty
Cou
ncils
Visi
tor
man
agem
ent
Man
age
Tour
ist a
ctiv
ities
and
di
vers
ifyE
stab
lish
Res
erve
Tou
rist c
arry
ing
capa
city
LBN
RS
, Ins
titut
ions
of h
ighe
r lea
rnin
g
Dev
elop
oth
er to
uris
m fa
cilit
ies
Hot
elie
rs, L
ocal
Aut
horit
ies
Div
ersi
fy T
ouris
m a
ctiv
ities
in th
e pl
an a
rea
thro
ugh
deve
lopm
ent o
f new
tour
ism
attr
actio
nsLo
cal A
utho
ritie
s, H
otel
iers
, Tou
r ope
rato
rs
Inva
der s
peci
esP
ursu
e ec
olog
ical
ly fr
iend
ly
land
use
pra
ctic
es th
at p
reve
nt
over
stoc
king
and
ani
mal
co
nfine
men
t lik
ely
to le
ad to
in
stab
ility
.
Pre
vent
soi
l ero
sion
, com
pact
ion
and
degr
adat
ion
that
allo
ws
over
grow
th o
f inv
asiv
e sp
ecie
s
Enc
oura
ge c
ullin
g of
ove
rsto
cked
spe
cies
and
man
ual
rem
oval
of i
nvas
ive
plan
t spe
cies
.K
WS
, WW
F, K
AR
I, M
oL&
FD
��
Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Man
agem
ent U
nit/a
rea
Issu
esO
ptio
nsIm
plem
enta
tion
Str
ateg
yM
anag
emen
t Aut
hori
ty/im
plem
ente
rs
Nat
iona
l Res
erve
Wild
life
dyna
mic
s,
Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
Man
age
stoc
king
rate
s an
d po
pula
tions
of w
ildlif
e sp
ecie
sE
stab
l�sh
Par
k E
colo
g�ca
l mon
�tor�n
g pr
ogra
mm
e &
de
term
�ne
Par
k b�
omas
s by
:B
iom
ass
estim
atio
nC
ensu
sR
emot
e se
nsin
g
• • •
KW
S, C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Est
ablis
h P
ark
spec
ies
carr
ying
cap
aciti
esK
W C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Man
age
spec
�es
stoc
ks b
y:C
ullin
gE
xcha
nge
Trad
e
• • •
KW
S C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Hab
itat
man
agem
ent
Est
ablis
h ha
bita
t man
agem
ent
prog
ram
mes
Dev
elop
& im
plem
ent A
ctiv
e ha
bita
t man
agem
ent
prog
ram
me
like:
Fire
regi
me
& p
rogr
amm
eH
abita
t mec
hani
cal c
ontro
lZo
natio
n
• • •
KW
S C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Pol
lutio
nM
anag
e po
llutio
n le
vels
, co
llabo
rate
and
net
wor
k w
ith o
ther
in
stitu
tions
Dev
elop
wat
er q
ualit
y m
onito
ring
prog
ram
me
KW
S, C
ount
y C
ounc
ils, I
nstit
utio
ns o
f hig
her l
earn
ing
Enc
oura
ge K
AR
I to
play
a ro
le IP
MK
AR
I, K
WS
, Cou
nty
Cou
ncils
Visi
tor
man
agem
ent
Man
age
Tour
ist a
ctiv
ities
and
di
vers
ifyE
stab
lish
Res
erve
Tou
rist c
arry
ing
capa
city
LBN
RS
, Ins
titut
ions
of h
ighe
r lea
rnin
g
Dev
elop
oth
er to
uris
m fa
cilit
ies
Hot
elie
rs, L
ocal
Aut
horit
ies
Div
ersi
fy T
ouris
m a
ctiv
ities
in th
e pl
an a
rea
thro
ugh
deve
lopm
ent o
f new
tour
ism
attr
actio
nsLo
cal A
utho
ritie
s, H
otel
iers
, Tou
r ope
rato
rs
Inva
der s
peci
esP
ursu
e ec
olog
ical
ly fr
iend
ly
land
use
pra
ctic
es th
at p
reve
nt
over
stoc
king
and
ani
mal
co
nfine
men
t lik
ely
to le
ad to
in
stab
ility
.
Pre
vent
soi
l ero
sion
, com
pact
ion
and
degr
adat
ion
that
allo
ws
over
grow
th o
f inv
asiv
e sp
ecie
s
Enc
oura
ge c
ullin
g of
ove
rsto
cked
spe
cies
and
man
ual
rem
oval
of i
nvas
ive
plan
t spe
cies
.K
WS
, WW
F, K
AR
I, M
oL&
FD
Appendix 6: Laws supporting Integrated Management Planning (IMP)Laws,regulations,policiesandconventionsarenecessaryfortheharmonizationofmulti-sectoralinterestsandpractices in conservation and management of the plan area. These laws give mandate to stakeholders, localcommunity, local authorities, government departments and development partners in implementing the plan.Observance of these laws will enhance participatory approach in decision–making, ecosystem approach inmanagementandprovidelegitimacytostakeholderinvolvement.ItisimportanttonotethattheselawsarenotexclusiveandotherrulesandregulationscanbedevelopedintheformofcodesofconductandbylawsthatwillimproveconservationandmanagementinLakeBogoriacatchment.
EnvironmentalmanagementandcoordinationAct(EMCA)Thelawisbasedontheprinciplethateverybodyisentitledtoahealthyandcleanenvironment. Section42,pertinenttotheimplementationofthisplandealswithwatercatchmentconservationwhereassection29subsection3dealswiththeestablishmentoflocalEnvironmentalCommittees.
SocialserviceslawsonregistrationofCBO’sThisActwillprovidefortheregistrationofCBO’sandempowerthemtocontributetotheimplementationofthemanagementplan.Itwillalsoprovideforthelawsandregulationsthatgoverntheiroperations.
Non-GovernmentalOrganisations’(NGO)registrationActThisActwillprovidefortheregistrationofNGOs,thelawsandregulationsthatgovernthem.AcoordinatedNGOfrontprovidesgreatopportunitiesforresourcemobilizationandoptimumutilizationoftheseresourcesforthebenefitofstakeholders.
TheWildlife(ConservationandManagement)ActThisistheprincipalActregulatingwildlifeconservationandmanagementinKenya,andprovidesguidelinesforwildliferesourcemanagementintheplanarea.TheActestablishesNationalReservesandstipulatespermissibleactivitiesinsidethereserve.
TheWaterActThewaterActseekstoprovidebetterconservation,control,apportionmentanduseof thewaterresources inKenya,and-forpurposesincidentaltheretoandconnectedtherewith.TheActvestsownershipandcontrolofwaterintheGovernmentsubjecttoanyrightsofuser.Underthisprovision,therefore,WaterDepartmenthastheresponsibilitytoregulateaccess,use,andcontrolpollutionofwaterresources.
TheAgricultureActTheAgricultureActCap318oftheLawsofKenyaseekstopromoteandmaintainastableagriculture,toprovidefortheconservationofthesoilanditsfertilityandtostimulatethedevelopmentofagriculturallandinaccordancewiththeacceptedpracticesofgoodlandmanagementandgoodhusbandry.
TheForestActTheForestsAct,Cap385oftheLawsofKenyaprovidesfortheestablishment,controlandregulationofforestsandforestareasinKenya.TheAct,therefore,appliesnotonlytostateplantationsandlandcontrolledandmanagedbytheForestryDepartmentforresearchpurposesorforestablishmentofcommercialtimberplantations,butalsoareaswhichhavebeensetasidefortheconservationoffaunaandflora,forthemanagementofwatercatchmentarea,forthepreventionofsoilerosionorfortheprotectionandmanagementofindigenousforestsonalienatedGovernmentland.
TheLandPlanningActThe Land Planning Act Cap 303 of 1968 of the Laws of Kenya makes provision for planning the use anddevelopmentofland.Sec6(1)ofthesubsidiarylegislationprovidesthat“a local authority may, after consultation with, and with the agreement of the Minister, prepare and submit to the Minister for his approval a town plan or area plan, as the case may be, for that part of the area under its jurisdiction to which these regulations apply.”
PhysicalPlanningActThisActprovides for thepreparationand implementationofphysicaldevelopmentplansandestablishes theresponsibilityforthephysicalplanningatvariouslevelsofGovernmentinordertoremoveuncertaintyregardingtheresponsibilityforregionalplanning.TheActalsopromotespublicparticipationinthepreparationofplansandrequiresthatinpreparationofplansproperconsiderationbegiventothepotentialforeconomicdevelopment,socio-economic development needs of the population, the existing planning and future transport needs, the
��
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
physical factors which may influence orderly development in general and urbanization in particular, and thepossibleinfluenceoffuturedevelopmentuponnaturalenvironment.
EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)This act requires any new development to be an environmental impact assessment to minimise negativeenvironmentalimpacts.
LandControlActCAP406Thislawprovidesforthecontroloftransactionsinagriculturalland,especiallythemachineryoftheLandControlBoards
TheLocalGovernmentActCAP265ThislawempowersalocalauthoritytoapplythroughtheMinisterforlandtomeetitsdifferentdevelopmentpurposes. Such requests and purposes are deemed to be public purposes within the meaning of the LandAcquisitionAct(Cap295).Suchalocalauthoritymay,withinsuchland,establishandmaintainaconservationarea.Itmayalsotakemeasuresnecessaryforthepreventionorcontrolofbushfiresorquarryingforminerals,sandgravel,clay,orstones.
TheKenyaTouristDevelopmentCorporationActThisregulatestourismistheKenyaascontainedintheTouristDevelopmentCorporationActCap382oftheLawsofKenyawhichestablishesKTDCasaparastatalbody.ThefunctionsoftheKTDCinclude,inter alia, provisionoftravel,expeditionoftours,whetherhunting,fishing,photographyorotherwise.Thecorporationmayalsoplanthedevelopment,preservation,orstudyofthewildandnaturallife,floraandothervegetation.
TouristIndustryLicensingActThesisterstatutetotheKTDCActistheTouristIndustryLicensingActCap381oftheLawsofKenyadealsprimarilywiththelicensingoftourismactivities.
�7
Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)
Appendix 7: Participation in development of Integrated Management PlanDetailed list of participants at first brainstorming meeting to develop a strategy for the development of amanagementplanforLakeBogoriaNationalReserveheldon19April2002atWWF-EARPOBoardroom.
Name OrganizationDr. Kelly West IUCN EAROEdmond Barrow IUCN.EARODr. Patr�ck M�l�mo WWF-EARPOHusse�n Cheburet Clerk Ko�batek County Counc�lW�ll�am K�mosop Sen�or Warden LBNRMaushe K�dundo WWF-LBCBWPM�chael Kangogo WWF-LBCBWPMusa Cheru�yot WWF-LBCBWPOl�ver Nas�rwa WWF-LBCBWPAnderson Koyo KWS ((absent w�th apolog�es)Dr. Nathan G�chuk� NMK (absent w�th apolog�es)
Detailedlistofparticipantsduringthe1stplanningworkshopheldatLakeBogoriaHotelconferenceroomon5-6May2003.
W�ll�am K�bet Ch�ef, Ko�bos Locat�on P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya W�ll�am Lorukot� Counc�lor S�nende Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Justus Tanu� Ag. DSDO 0�1-7�207� Cheburet K�ptu� Secretary, LEPC Ko�tu�met P .O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya W�lson Chesang Counc�lor Ko�batek P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya Bernard Chepku� Cha�rman Maj�moto LEPC P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya M�chael K�mel� Cha�rman Fr�ends of Nature Bogor�a P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya K�prot�ch Kobetbet Counc�lor. Kamar Ward P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya Geoffrey Chepkuto Cha�rman LEPC Lobo� P. O. �� Mar�gat, Kenya S�meon Komen Ag. Ch�ef S�nende Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Joseph Kuru� Cha�rman LEPC Olkokwe P. O. K�sanana, KenyaJames K�ptek Sen�or Ch�ef Lobo� Locat�on P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya James K�bowen Ch�ef Kapnosge� Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Samuel K. Kabeto Ch�ef Olkokwe Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Kibos S. J District Environment Officer, Baringo 053-21870 R. J Seronei (Mrs) District Forest Officer, Baringo 053-22055 Kabarnet, Kenya J. Chepsat Cha�rman LEPC Sanda� P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya M�chael Chepkuto Ch�ef Sanda� Locat�on P. O. Box 1�0 Mar�gat, Kenya R. Kembo� Ass�stant Manager, Lake Bogor�a Hotel P.O.Nachuru Warden, LBNR P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Joseph K�bet Counc�lor Lobo� Ward P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya M. C. Sang DSCO Ko�batek P. O. Box 71 Eldama Rav�ne S. K. Kitony District Water Office P. O. Box 218 Eldama Ravine J. Kairu DALEOs Office P. O. Box 4 Kabarnet Kimeu Musau District Water Office P. O. Box 31 Kabarnet Peter Ke�tany Clerk to Counc�l Bar�ngo County Counc�l P. O. Box �� Kabarnet, Kenya J. Karato Project Adv�sory Comm�ttee Member P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Kunga N Project Officer, Natural Resource Planner P. O. Box 43 Marigat, Kenya She�lah Cheburet FA Lobo� P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya John Bereke FA Sanda� P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Evans K�pkembo� FA Ko�bos P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Job K�prop FA S�nende P. O. Box �� Mar�ga, Kenya Musa Cheruiyot Project Officer-EE & CD P. O. Box 43 Marigat, Kenya Maushe K�dundo Project Manager LBCBWP P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Ko�ma Ben T�ong’�k Cha�rman, LEPC S�nende P. O. K�sanana, KenyaFab�an Mus�la Project Ecolog�st –WWF P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, KenyaHusse�n Cheburet Rep. to Clerk Ko�batek County Counc�l P. O. Box 1� Eldama Rav�ne, Kenya Irene J. Cheb�� Counc�lor, Lobo� Ward P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, KenyaCounc�lor Moses K�mel� V�ce-Cha�rman Ko�batek County Counc�l P. O. Box 1� Eldama Rav�ne W�ll�am Tengecha World V�s�on Mar�gat, KenyaW�ll�am K�mosop Sen�or Warden, LBNR P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, KenyaP. K. K�soyan Lake Bar�ngo GEF Project P. O. Box 111 Mar�gat, KenyaJulius Zephania Lands Officer-Loboi P. O. Box 7 Kabarnet, KenyaDav�d Chelugo Cha�rman-Bar�ngo County Counc�l P. O. Box �� Kabarnet, KenyaSamuel Kas�tet LEPC Cha�rman Kapku�ku� P. O. Box �7 Mar�gat, Kenya Asukile R.Kajuni Facilitator P.O. Box 105994 Dar es Salamm, Tanzania
��
Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve
Programme for 3rd Planning Workshops for Presentation of proposals to all stakeholders 19th – 23rd January 2003
January 2004 Venue Stakeholders19 Dryland EE centre, Loboi Loboi, Sandai, Kapkuikui, Majimoto, + Marigat Officers20 County Council Chambers, Kabarnet GoK officer, NGOs, County council of Baringo chief officers + All counc�llors of Jo�nt Management Comm�ttee21 Kapnoskei Centre Sinende, Kapnoskei, Olkokwe, + Kisanana officers22 District Education Hall, Eldama Ravine GoK officer, NGOs, County council of Koibatek chief officers + All counc�llors of Jo�nt Management Comm�ttee23 Nakuru, Nyahururu, Nyandarua Site visits and discussions with GoK officers
List of participants during 3rd Planning Workshop for Presentation of proposals by all Stakeholders held at Lake Bogoria Dryland Environmental Education Centre on 19 January 2003
Maushe K�dundo Project Executant WWF Musa Kimaru Land Adjudication Officer, Loboi Ministry of Lands and Settlement James K�ptek Ch�ef Lobo� Samwel Chelal V�ce Cha�rman K�borgoch Swamp Comm�ttee Paulo Chepk�rwok LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on Irene Cheb�� Nom�nated Counc�llor County Counc�l of Bar�ngo Jackson Borch�ke� LEPC Lobo� Locat�on Joseph Cheru�yot LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on Sal�na Wendot Treasurer Sanda� Women Group W�lson Chebot�b�n LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on R�chard Kamuren Member Bogor�a Moran Dancers Jackson K�bon LEPC Lobo� Locat�on Symon Chesang Techn�cal Ass�stant Veter�nary Department, M�n�stry of Agr�culture Joseph Cherut�ch Ass�stant Ch�ef Kapku�ku� Locat�on W�ll�am Kapyeko� Cha�rman Bogor�a Moran Dancers R�chard Yegon Cha�rman K�borgoch Swamp Comm�ttee W�lson Karato LEPC Lobo� Locat�on El�jah K�ptero� Ass�stant Ch�ef Lobo� Locat�on K�prot�ch Kobetbet Counc�llor Ko�bos Ward Stephen Koech LEPC Ko�bos Locat�on John Bereke F�eld Ass�stant WWF Jonathan Tere�to Zonal Cha�rman World V�s�on, Mar�gat Paul K�pkoros LEPC Ko�bos Locat�on M�chael Chepkuto Ch�ef Sanda� Locat�on Samwel Ke�tany Ch�ef Kapku�ku� Locat�on Kas�tet Samwel Cha�rman LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on Rael K�ptek Cha�rlady Sanda� Women Group Geofrey Chepkuto Cha�rman LEPC Lobo� Locat�on Joseph K�pkurere Secretary LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Jackson Chepsat Cha�rman LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Evans K�pkembo� F�eld Ass�stant WWF John Changole LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Samson K�pta� LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Joseph Wendot Ass�stant Ch�ef Sanda� Locat�on Mary Mbelel Lobusak�e Women Group Festus K�pt�sha F�eld Ass�stant WWF Kunga Ngece Project Officer NRM Samwel K�pta� LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Dan�el Chepku� Cha�rman LEPC Ko�bos Locat�on
Freshwater Programme CoordinatorWWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office (EARPO)P.O. Box 62440–00200Nairobi, Kenya
Telephone: 254 20 3877355 / 3872630,Fax: 254 20 577389E mail: info@wwfearpo.orgWeb: http://www.panda.org
Chief WardenLake Bogoria National ReserveP.O. Box 64–30403Marigat, Kenya
Telephone: 254 (0)51 2211987E mail: ebogoria@wananchi.com
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