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IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY LEGISLATION IN THAILAND
Legal Development Program (LDP) 2015-2016
BY LDP members ThailandGeneva, Switzerland – 13 October, 2016
BLOOMBERG INITIATIVE FOR GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY
CONTENT
1. The Road Safety Crisis
2. Legislation Gap in Thailand
3. Overview: Legal Development Program
4. Objectives: Legal Development Program
5. Activities: Legal Development Program
6. Road Safety Legislation Progress
3
The Global ProblemTHE GLOBAL ROAD CRISIS
Every six seconds, someone is killed or seriously injured on the world’s roads
The young and poor are disproportionately affected
Half of those dying are vulnerable road users
$518 billion is lost annually due to road crashes
THE ROAD CRISIS IN THAILAND
4
Though many stakeholders are working toward improving road safety, very few
experts are advocating for
improved legislation
There are 36.2 deaths per 100,000 people – 2.5x the
global rate
Thailand has the second highest road crash fatality rate
in the world 73% of road crash fatalities are riders
of motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
LEGISLATION GAP IN THAILAND
• National speed law ✔• Speed limit on urban roads ≤ 50 km/h ✗• Local authorities can modify the national speed limit ✗
Speeding
• National drunk driving law ✔• Drunk driving based on BAC or equivalent measure ✔• BAC limit for general ≤ 0.05% ✔• BAC limit for young and novice driver ≤ 0.02% ✗
Drunk driving
• National motorcycle helmet law ✔• Law applies to drivers and adult passengers ✔• Law applies to all road types ✔• Law requires helmet to be properly fastened ✔• Law requires helmet to meet a national or international standard ✔
Motorcycle helmet usage
• National seat belt law ✔• Law applies to front seat passengers ✔• Law applies to rear seat passengers ✗
Seat belt usage
• National child restraint law ✗• Law is based on age, weight, height, or a combination ✗• Law restricts children under a certain age and/or height ✗
Child restraints
OVERVIEW: LEGAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (LDP)
The LDP builds the capacity of its members to
advocate for effective road safety legislation in Thailand
2015: AIP Foundation partnered with the World Health Organization as part of the Bloomberg Initiative for Global Road Safety to establish the LDP
2016: the LDP has 14 members and an advisory committee
OBJECTIVES: LEGAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Enhance knowledge and skills
Promote active participation in
relevant working groups and committees
Advocate for evidence-based laws
2016 LEGAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS
2015 ACTIVITIES
2016 ACTIVITIES
ADVOCATING THROUGH AN ACADEMIC FORUM
ADVOCATING THROUGH THE MEDIA
Media coverage from Voice TV reporter Chayakorn Kumchoke and Pol. Maj. Gen. Pongson Kongtreekaew
Ms. Ratanawadee H. Winther appears on Thailand Today
ADVOCATING THROUGH THE MEDIA
ADVOCATING FOR LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT BASED ON RECOMMENDATIONS MADE ON RELEVANT PLATFORMS
ADVOCATING FOR LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT BASED ON RECOMMENDATIONS MADE ON RELEVANT PLATFORMS
ADVOCATING THROUGH THE DEPARTMENT OF DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
19 February: First meeting to to amend road safety improvement
law
3 May:Second meeting to amend road safety improvement
law
16 May:Third sub-committee on road safety management
19 May:Third “Road Safety Directing Center”
11 July:Fourth “Road Safety
Directing Center”
21 JulyMeeting to prepare
revisions to road safety improvement law
31 August:National Road Safety
Policy Committee Meeting
October:Cabinet Meeting – road safety-related agency is
improving the law in five months
ROAD SAFETY LEGISLATION PROGRESS
Issue Legislation Legislative Improvements Made
Speed limit 1. Road Traffic Act2. Highway Act3. Department of
Transport Regulations (suspension or revocation of license)
1) Reduce speed in urban areas and set appropriate speed limits for provincial roads. Worked with the police to determine appropriate speeds and announced the speed control methods.
2) Increase fines for offenses in the Road Traffic Act to 10,000 baht.
Drunk Driving 1. Road Traffic Act2. Alcohol Control Act
1) BAC less than 0.02% required for a novice driver and/or a temporary license holder.
2) Establish measures to deter the issue of drunk driving.3) Increase penalties related to BAC levels.4) Include offenders in a database.
Driver’s licenses 1. Road Traffic Act2. Land Transport Act
1) Intensify driver’s license regulations.2) Suspend and revoke a driver's license to drive a personalized cover.3) Increase the criminal penalties to three months and a 50,000 baht fine.
Public transportation
1. Road Traffic Act2. Land Transport Act3. Car Act4. Consumer Protection
Act
1) Set additional conditions for obtaining a specialized license to establish stronger safety standards for public buses.
2) Improve methods available to protect and provide justice to those affected.
Seat belt usage 1. Road Traffic Act 1) Require seat belts for passengers in the rear seats of a car. The driver is responsible for the rear seat belts.
SITUATION ON 2-3 WHEELERS IN THAILAND
SITUATION ON 2-3 WHEELERS IN THAILAND
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 20
2 WHEELER
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 21
3 WHEELER
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 22
NUMBERS OF 2-3 WHEELERS REGISTERED
Category registered total
- Motorcycle 20,342,403 20,531,896
- Public Motorcycle 189,493
- Motor-tricycle 1,654 21,920
- Motor-tricycle taxi (Tuk Tuk) 20,266
Table 1.1: Numbers of 2-3 wheelers registered in Thailand:
(Source : Department of Land Transport, 2016)
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 23
STATISTIC OF 2-3 WHEELER’S ACCIDENT
Table 1.2: Numbers of 2-3 wheelers involved in traffic accidents between 2011-2015,
(Source : Royal Thai Police, 2016)
Category 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 - Bicycle 418 365 394 387 891
-Tricycle 17 18 19 16 29
- Motorcycle 20,056 20,395 20,426 19,038 26,715 - Motor Tricycle taxi (Tuk Tuk)
259 294 285 224 241
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 24
THE HIGHEST
• Motorcycle ranks the highest number in road accident among 2-3 wheelers.
• The average rate of accident per year on motorcycle is at 21,000 accidents
• Bicycle is at 490 accidents per year.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 25
FATALITIES AND CASUALTIES
Table 1.3 :Traffic accidents: fatalities and casualties, 2011-2015,
Victim 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 fatalities 9,552 9,007 7,944 6,338 6,268 serious injured 4,138 3,954 3,666 2,813 2,519 Slightly injured 17,258 18,656 18,037 17,035 15,641
(Source : Royal Thai Police, 2016)
The average death rate on road accidents in Thailand is 7,800 people per year or 38 people out of 100,000.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 26
CAUSES OF MOTORCYCLE INJURY
The main reasons are: • Speeding• Not wearing helmet. • Carelessness• Lack of knowledge and understanding of road safety• Weak law enforcement• Light penalty (e.g. fine for not wearing helmet
around 400 THB, 11.43 CHF)
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 27
RATE OF HELMET WEARING
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Rider 53 54 52 51 51 Passenger 19 24 20 19 19 Both 44 46 43 43 42
Table 1.4: Rate of helmet wearing between 2010-2014 (percentage).
(Source : Thai Roads Foundation, 2016)
Average 52.2% for riders, 20.2% for passengers.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 28
SEVERE INJURY
From the total number of 79,416 road accidents in Thailand 2010.
Table 1.5: Severe injuriesd by transport accident, 2012
Vehicle involved Percentage Motorcycle 82.25 Pick-up truck 7.12 Bicycle and tricycle 3.85 Others 6.78
(Source: Injury surveillance report, Ministry of Public Health, 2012)
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 29
CASUALTIES AND INJURIES FROM MOTORCYCLES
Table 1.6: Number of casualties and fatalities from motorcycles, 2012
Serious injuries 62,031 Fatalities 3,154 (5.08%) Serious injuries rate of wearing helmet (percentage) Rider 13.84
Passenger 5.56
( Source: Injury surveillance report, Ministry of Public Health, 2012)
From all serious accidents, only 13.84% of drivers wore helmet, and 5.56% passengers did.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 30
LAW ENFORCEMENT
• Despite availability of many types of 2-3 wheelers in Thailand, they are not included in traffic laws - no requirement for registration, driving license, or helmet wearing helmet to non-motorized 2-3 wheeler.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 31
LAWS
Table 2.1: Registration of 2-3 wheelers in Thailand, 1979
Categories of 2-3 wheelers Applicable laws 1. Motorcycle Traffic Act 1979 C.E. 2. Tricycle, Bicycle No. 3. Motor-tricycle Motor Vehicle Act 1979 C.E. 4. Motorcycle Motor Vehicle Act 1979 C.E. 5. Motor-tricycle Motor Vehicle Act 1979 C.E. 6. Motor-Tricycle taxi (Tuk Tuk) Motor Vehicle Act 1979 C.E.
( Source: Traffic Act, 1979 C.E)
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 32
VIOLATION PENALTY
Table 2.2 : Rate of penalty in violating traffic laws
Violation Penalty/Fine Rider who does not wear helmet 500 bath (14.06 CHF) Rider who carries a passenger and the passenger does not wear helmet
1,000 bath (28.12 CHF)
Passenger who does not wear helmet
500 bath (14.06 CHF)
Source (: Royal Thai Police, 2016)
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 33
COMPARING TO MALAYSIA AND USA
Note: Thailand 1987; Malaysia 1994; and United States 1995.
Table 3.1 - Proportion of Road Users Killed in Various Modes of Transport as a Percent of All Fatalities
Country Pedestrians
Bicyclists Motorized vehicles Others
2-wheeled 4-wheeled
Thailand 47 6 36 12 -
Malaysia 15 6 57 19 3
United States of America
13 2 5 79 1
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 34
COMPARING TO INDIA 2016
• India (Wikipedia, 2016) has numerous users of 2-3 wheelers and also high number of traffic accident.
• Global Road Safety Report-2015, an estimated of 207,551 deaths on roads.
• The motorcycles and motor-powered three-wheelers constitute the second largest group of traffic collision deaths.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 35
COMPARE TO SRI LANKA
(Source: Police Headquarters, Colombo, 2006)
Year Fatalities Pedestrians Passengers (bicycle riders)
(motorcycle riders) Drivers Others
1989 1,596 648 417 224 226 77 4 1990 1,795 686 417 265 324 96 7 1991 1,532 542 529 195 181 85 0 1992 1,515 528 485 231 187 84 0 1993 1,421 603 304 222 208 65 19 1994 1,611 586 438 217 220 147 3 1995 1,681 636 366 246 244 177 12 1996 1,755 753 354 153 272 192 31 1997 1,835 662 347 251 244 319 12 1998 2,023 814 367 238 232 294 78 1999 2,059 713 358 307 172 288 221 2000 2,058 827 470 306 237 213 5 2001 2,118 791 431 338 294 261 3 2002 2,160 750 380 317 451 188 74 2003 2,096 747 397 311 281 171 71 2004 2,214 748 381 298 385 194 208 2005 2,304 747 428 326 406 178 221
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 36
MODEL OF CAUSES FOR MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENT IN THAILAND
Motorcycle accident's
cause
Helmet wearing
Speed violation
Traffic sign violation
Specification unsuitable
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 37
ANALYSIS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Motorcycle is the biggest problem in Thailand and neighboring countries in Asia such as Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka, etc.
• The main problem is not wearing helmet • Note that motorcycle in this region comes in
small size ,high speed power but very small risky tires.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 38
RISKY DESIGN OF MOTORCYCLE IN THE REGION
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 39
MAIN PROBLEMS
Law enforcement:• There is a law requiring drives and passenger to wear
helmets.• Traffic police work mostly on traffic management rather
than traffic discipline. • This causes challenges in decreasing number of road
accident. • Presently, it is only 50% of 2-3 wheels users wearing
helmet.
05/02/2023 LDP Thailand country paper 40
NEXT STEP FOR THAILAND
• Next step for Thailand is to emphasis on law enforcement on motorcycle driver.
• Providing knowledge to people. • Pressure from civic society to bring the
government’s attention to this issue.
Q & A
THANK YOU
For more information:Visit www.ldpthailand.org
Find us on Facebook
Contact:Ms.Oratai Junsuwanaruk
Thailand Country ManagerAIP Foundation
oratai.j@aipf-thailand.org Tel: (66) 81 454 90 54
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