learners' roles in the different teaching approaches and methods

Learners’ Roles in The Different Teaching Approaches & Methods

By: Abla BEN BELLAL

THE OUTLINE: 1*The Grammar Translation Method(learners’

role). 2* The Direct Method (learners’ role) 3* The Oral- Aural approach( Learners’ role) 4* The Silent way Approach( Learners’ role) 5* The Community Language Learning Approach

( CLL) (learners’ role) 6*The Oral Approach (SLT) (learners’ role) 7*The Communicative Approach (CLT)

(learners’role)

THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

Traditional / Classical

A method based on explicit teaching

Emphasis on reading and writing skills

CHARACTERISTICS OF GTM Classroom language is L1

No attention is given to pronunciation

Teacher centred method

Grammar is taught deductively

LEARNERS’ ROLE They are passive

They translate passages

They memorize

They fill-in-the blanks

SOME MERITS OF GTM The target language is easily explained

Teacher and students’ communication is easy

THE DIRECT METHOD Natural method

Reaction against GTM

Focuses on speaking

THE AIM OF THE DIRECT METHOD

Makes students speak in the target language

Increases students’ vocabulary

Improves their accent and pronunciation

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIRECT METHOD

Never uses translation

Emphasizes the use of the target language

Grammar is learnt inductively

Everyday vocabulary and grammar structures are taught

LEARNERS’ ROLE

They are less passive than the GTM

Students and teachers are like partners in the learning process

SOME MERITS OF THE DIRECT METHOD

Students acquire fluency in speech

It is a natural way to teach a language

THE AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD Oral based approach

It is similar to the direct method

Focuses on repetition

CHARACTERISTICS The lesson is build on drills

Explicit grammar rules are not provided

Everyday speech is emphasized

Vocabulary is kept to a minimum

ORAL DRILLS ARE TYPICAL OF THE AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD

These include:

Repetition

Inflection

Replacement

Restatement

LEARNERS’ ROLE

Immitators of the teacher’s model

They follow teachers’ instructions

**THE SILENT WAY APPROACH**

A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH BY : CALEB GATTENGO

Inventor of pedagogical Materials for learning & Teaching approaches.

Why silent ??

Silence is a teaching technique A silent teacher Active & independent learners

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEARNING/ TEACHING PROCESS:

Studying the language through its basic building blocks,” its sounds”

using the students' errors to see where the language is unclear to students and, hence, where to work.

students describe their reactions to the lesson.

Students ‘ attention is a key to learning.

WORDS CHART & SOUND – COLOR CHART:

COLORED RODS:

LEARNER ROLES :

1. The learner is a problem solver.2. Learners are responsible for their

learning.3. Learners are independent.4. Learners are autonomous.5. Learners participate actively.

**THE COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING APPROACH: ( CLL)**

An approach in which students work together. ( developing the speaking ability)

The teacher = a language Counsellor

FROM WHERE DOES THE CLL APPROACH TAKE ITS PRINCIPLES?

The CLL approach The Counselling learning

Charles Curran ( psychologist)

PRINCIPLES:1. Teacher & students are whole

persons.

2. Students learn best when they choose what they practice.

3. Cooperative work in the class.

LEARNERS’ ROLE:1. Learners become members of a

community

2. They listen attentively to the teacher to express their ideas.

3. They work in groups.

THEIR ROLES IN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEARNING & TEACHING ACTIVITIES:

1. Translation2. Recording3. Transcription4. Listening5. Free conversation

THE FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT (DEPENDENCY INTERDEPENDENCY)

1. The birth stage: dependent learners.2. Self assertive: The ability improves.3. Resentful & indignant: understand

the TL.4. Tolerant: learners are secure to take

criticism.5. Independent: they become the

knowers.

HOW DOES THE TEACHER RESPOND TO STUDENTS’ ERRORS?

Works in a non threatening way.

Listens attentively to students.

He/she has to be sensitive to his/her learners.

THE ORAL APPROACH SLT ‘ When we acquire our primary

language , we do so by learning how to behave in situations , not by learning rules about what to say ’ Halliday.

DEFINITION & CHARACTERISTICS :

SLT is based on structural view of language .

SLT emphasizes on the presentation of structures in situations .

Characteristics: Focus on Grammar. Focus on vocabulary.

THE ORAL APPROACH OBJECTIVES:

The accurate use of vocabulary items and grammar rules in order to achieve a particular mastery of the four basic skills .

The ability to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations with an automatic control of basic structures and sentence patterns .

LEARNERS’ ROLE: Learner uses the knowledge in actual

practice a personal skill Learner produces accurate pronunciation

and uses grammar . Learner’s performance is a key factor for

achieving the mastery of the language skills . Learner connects the acquired language to

the practical life .

THE COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING APPROACH ( CLT ) :

“ communicative language teaching can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching ,the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning , and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom “Jack C . Richards .

CLT PRINCIPLES: Communicative methodology is

learner centered . Language is a creative process . The emphasis : fluency not

accuracy . Interaction between speakers . Learner is participant & observer .

THE GOALS OF CLT : Teaching communicative

competence . Develop fluency in language use .

The FA activities : Examples : Fluency tasks . students perform a play . create

what happens preserving the meaning not the exact language .

Accuracy tasks . Learning grammar through dialogues .

Task-completion activities . Puzzles , map-reading , games … etc .

Information-gathering tasks . Surveys , interviews … etc .

LEARNERS’ ROLE: Learners participate in a

cooperative classroom activities . Learners should become

comfortable with listening to their peers in group work or pair work tasks .

They should become autonomous learners .

REFERENCES: 1/A.FKI-Aouam . The situational approach to

language teaching .

2/D. Gültekin Boran. Methods and Approaches in Language Teaching in brief .

3/George Ann Gregory. “Silent way”... what it is.

4/Nyimas Nurkomariya Maretha Pinky. Direct Method. English Education Study Program. Sriwijaya University.

5/ P.Nagaraj. Application of Community Language Learning for Effective Teaching . Department of English and Foreign Language Languages. Bharathiar University.

    6/Richards, J.C. y T.S. Rodgers (1987). Approaches and

Methods in Language Teaching .The Silent Way (pp. 99-112). Reino Unido: Cambridge University Press.

  7/William Lake .the Audiolingual Method .   8/WWW. Slideshare .net/aronni/the –audio-lingual-method.    

  9/WWW.Slideshare.net/Vacoka/ grammar-

translation-method-presentation.

10/Zainuddin et al .(2011). Fundamentals of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages in K-12 Mainstream Classrooms . Chapter 11: Methods/Approaches of Teaching ESOL: A Historical Overview 73.Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.