information system approaches & roles

8/14/2019 Information System Approaches & Roles

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INFORMATION SYSTEM

APPROACHES

&

ROLES

Presented by:

Goutham.M (112)

Jayakanth.K (118)

Santosh Kumar.S (135)



History Of Information System

• The history of information systems (IS) only spans fivedecades. Yet from its inception, IS has done more toexpand business and industry into global markets thanany other convention in history.

• By the mid-sixties IS was already forging its way intobusiness mainstream. The use of computer in businessand industry usually started off in the accountingdepartments.

• During the seventies more upper management levelsrecognized the importance of IS and the flexibility itbrought to business.



INFORMATION-SYSTEM

• Information System handles the flow and maintenance of information that supports a business or some other operation.

• Information is derived from meaningful interpretation of data. Data consists of the raw facts representing eventsoccurring in the environment.

• An Information System can be defined technically as a set

of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve),process, store and distribute information to support decisionmaking and control in an organization.



Definition of an Information system (by

Buckingham et al (1987b)) is :

A system which assembles, stores,

processes, and delivers information relevant to

an organization (or to a society), in such a way

that the information is accessible and useful to

those who wish to use it, including managers,staff, clients and citizens.



3 major components of aSystem:



Functions of Information System



• Using information systems

effectively requires an

understanding of the

organization, management,and information technology

shaping the systems.• All information systems can

be described as organizational

and management solutions to

challenges posed by the

environment.



APROACHES



Technical Approach

It emphasizes mathematically based models to studyinformation systems, as well as the physical technology andformal capabilities of these systems.

The disciplines that contribute to the technical approach arecomputer science, management science, and operations

research.

• Computer science is concerned with establishing theories of computability,methods of computation, and methods of efficient data storage and access.

• Management science emphasizes the development of models for decision-making and management practices.

• Operations research focuses on mathematical techniques for optimizingselected parameters of organizations such as transportation, inventory control,and transaction costs.



Behavioral ApproachIt concentrates on changes in attitudes, management and

organizational policy, and behavior.Issues such as strategic business integration, design,implementation, utilization, and management could beexplored usefully with the models used in this approach.

• Sociologists study information systems with an eye toward how groups andorganizations shape the development of systems and also how systemsaffect individuals, groups, and organizations.

• Psychologists study information systems with an interest in how humandecision makers perceive and use formal information.

• Economists study information systems with an interest in what impactsystems have on control and cost structures within the firm and withinmarkets.



Sociotechnical Systems

In a sociotechnical perspective, the performance of asystem is optimized when both the technology and the

organization mutually adjust to one another until a

satisfactory fit is obtained.



The New Role of Information Systems in

Organizations



Widening scope of information

systems



• Information systems

can reduce the number

of levels in an

organization by

providing managerswith information to

supervise larger

numbers of workers

and by giving lower-level employees more

decision-making

authority.



Role of Information System



1. Operational-level systems

– support operational managers by keeping trackof the elementary activities & transactions of the

org such as sales, receipts, cash deposits 2. Knowledge-level systems

– support the organization’s knowledge and dataworker.

- It help the company to discover, organize andintegrate new knowledge into business and tocontrol the flow of paperwork.



3. Management-Level systems

- monitor, control, decision-making &administrative activities of middle managers

- controlling whether everything in company isworking well, whether actual costs exceed budgets

4. Strategic-Level systems

- help senior management tackle and addressstrategic issues and long-term trends, both in the

firm and the external environment



Systems Example (Sales system)

Strategic level To forecast sales trends, buying

habits trends for next 5 years

Management

level

Tracks monthly sales figures, if

sales exceed or fall belowexpected figures

Knowledgelevel

To design promotional displaysfor firm’s products, i.e. to design

an attractive brochure

Operationallevel

To record daily sales figures, i.e.at the cashier machine



Major Types of Information System

• Executive Support Systems (ESS)Executive Support Systems (ESS)

• Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS)

• Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS)• Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

• Office Automation Systems (OAS)Office Automation Systems (OAS)

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

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