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Chemistry 2
Lecture 1
Unit 1
Chapter 1
Whatrsquos Biochemistry
Dr Mohamed Adel Moadelptcuedueg
Letrsquos remember
bull Elements simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down into simpler forms
bull Atom the actual basic unit - composed of protons neutrons and electrons and itrsquos the building unit of matter
THE ATOM
bull Just like cells are the basic unit of life the ATOM is the basic unit of matter
bull They are very small If placed side by side one million would stretch a distance of 1cm
bull The atom is made up of 3 particles
Particle Charge
PROTON +
NEUTRON NEUTRAL
ELECTRON -
bull Electrons are not present within the atom instead Draw a
helium atom THEY REVOLVE AROUND THE
NUCELUS OF THE ATOM amp FORM THE
ELECTRON CLOUD
+ + -
-
PROTONS NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
ATOMIC = 2
(PROTONS)
ATOMIC MASS = 4
(PROTONS amp
NEUTRONS)
ISOTOPES bull atoms of the same element that HAVE A
DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
bull Which means that they have same atomic number
and different mass number
COMPOUNDS bull a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or
more elements in definite proportions
bull Ex water salt glucose carbon dioxide
Illustrating video
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Letrsquos remember
bull Elements simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down into simpler forms
bull Atom the actual basic unit - composed of protons neutrons and electrons and itrsquos the building unit of matter
THE ATOM
bull Just like cells are the basic unit of life the ATOM is the basic unit of matter
bull They are very small If placed side by side one million would stretch a distance of 1cm
bull The atom is made up of 3 particles
Particle Charge
PROTON +
NEUTRON NEUTRAL
ELECTRON -
bull Electrons are not present within the atom instead Draw a
helium atom THEY REVOLVE AROUND THE
NUCELUS OF THE ATOM amp FORM THE
ELECTRON CLOUD
+ + -
-
PROTONS NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
ATOMIC = 2
(PROTONS)
ATOMIC MASS = 4
(PROTONS amp
NEUTRONS)
ISOTOPES bull atoms of the same element that HAVE A
DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
bull Which means that they have same atomic number
and different mass number
COMPOUNDS bull a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or
more elements in definite proportions
bull Ex water salt glucose carbon dioxide
Illustrating video
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
THE ATOM
bull Just like cells are the basic unit of life the ATOM is the basic unit of matter
bull They are very small If placed side by side one million would stretch a distance of 1cm
bull The atom is made up of 3 particles
Particle Charge
PROTON +
NEUTRON NEUTRAL
ELECTRON -
bull Electrons are not present within the atom instead Draw a
helium atom THEY REVOLVE AROUND THE
NUCELUS OF THE ATOM amp FORM THE
ELECTRON CLOUD
+ + -
-
PROTONS NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
ATOMIC = 2
(PROTONS)
ATOMIC MASS = 4
(PROTONS amp
NEUTRONS)
ISOTOPES bull atoms of the same element that HAVE A
DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
bull Which means that they have same atomic number
and different mass number
COMPOUNDS bull a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or
more elements in definite proportions
bull Ex water salt glucose carbon dioxide
Illustrating video
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
bull Electrons are not present within the atom instead Draw a
helium atom THEY REVOLVE AROUND THE
NUCELUS OF THE ATOM amp FORM THE
ELECTRON CLOUD
+ + -
-
PROTONS NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
ATOMIC = 2
(PROTONS)
ATOMIC MASS = 4
(PROTONS amp
NEUTRONS)
ISOTOPES bull atoms of the same element that HAVE A
DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
bull Which means that they have same atomic number
and different mass number
COMPOUNDS bull a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or
more elements in definite proportions
bull Ex water salt glucose carbon dioxide
Illustrating video
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
ISOTOPES bull atoms of the same element that HAVE A
DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
bull Which means that they have same atomic number
and different mass number
COMPOUNDS bull a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or
more elements in definite proportions
bull Ex water salt glucose carbon dioxide
Illustrating video
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
COMPOUNDS bull a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or
more elements in definite proportions
bull Ex water salt glucose carbon dioxide
Illustrating video
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Illustrating video
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
CHEMICAL BONDS
bull Chemical bonds hold the atoms in a
molecule together
bull There are 2 types of chemical bonds
IONIC and COVALENT
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
ionic bond
-Ionic bond Is a bond resulting from the electric attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Covalent bond
bull The covalent bond
bull -It is type of bonds occurs between two non metallic atoms
bull -In the covalent bond the atoms dont lose or even gain any electrons
bull -each atom shares the other atom with the same number of electrons from its outer shell to fill each outer level
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
covalent bond
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
MIXTURES
bull Water is not always pure It is often found as part of a
mixture
bull A mixture is a material composed of TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY MIXED
bull Ex salt amp pepper mixed sugar and sand ndash can be easily separated
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
SOLUTION
Two parts
bull SOLUTE ndash SUBSTANCE THAT IS BEING DISSOLVED
(SUGAR SALT)
bull SOLVENT - the substance in which the solute dissolves
bull Materials that do not dissolve are known as SUSPENSIONS
bull Blood is the most common example of a suspension
bull Cells amp other particles remain in suspension
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Acids always (almost) begin with H because of the
excess of H+ ions (hydrogen)
bull Ex lemon juice stomach acid acid rain normal rain
Facts about Acids
bull Acids turn litmus paper into Red and usually taste SOUR
bull You eat acids daily (coffee vinegar soda spicy foods
etchellip)
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
ACIDS amp BASES
bull Bases always (almost) end with -OH because of the excess
of hydroxide ions (Oxygen amp Hydrogen)
bull EX oven cleaner bleach ammonia sea water blood pure water
Facts about Bases
bull Bases turn litmus paper into BLUE
bull Bases usually feel SLIPPERY to touch and taste BITTER
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
CHEMICAL FORMULA
bull It represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
bull Eg Al2O3
bull Structural Formula ndash Line drawings of the
compound that shows the elements in proportion
and how they are bonded
bull Molecular Formula ndash the ACTUAL formula for a
compound
C2H6O
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Letrsquos talk about Biochemistry
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
bull Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry
Biochemists have to understand both the living world and
the chemical world Even if you donrsquot want to become a
biochemist youll still have to understand atoms and
molecules as a biologist
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Continue
bull Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms Its about
the smallest parts of those organisms the molecules Its also
about the cycles that create those biological compounds
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
bull The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
FACTORY containing some of the same
elements found in the nonliving
environment
bull carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and
nitrogen (N) are present in the greatest
percentages
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Biochemistry is related to helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
what happens when we eat and how our bodies
are constructed We can imagine how the
molecules are moving around the mitochondria or
chloroplast
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Illustrating video
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
So We can say that
biochemistry is
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry that takes place in
living organisms especially the structure and function of their chemical
components such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and
small molecules present in cells
Biochemistry could also (now) be defined as being the chemistry of enzyme-
mediated reactions whether in vivo or in the test tube with natural or artificially
modified enzymes and other chemicals
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
How does biochemistry impact you
bull Medicine
bull Agriculture
bull Industrial applications
bull Environmental applications
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Principle Areas of Biochemistry
bull 1) Structure and function of biological macromolecules
bull 2) Metabolism ndash anabolic and catabolic processes
bull 3) Molecular Genetics ndash How life is replicated Regulation of protein synthesis
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Finding1 Bio-chemicals can only be produced by living
organisms
Friedrich Wohler
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Finding 2 Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Emil Fischer
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Findings of other famous biochemist
bull Avery MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
bull Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
bull Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Range of the sizes of
objects studied by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 01 nm
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Most abundant essential for all organisms C N O P S H
Less abundant essential for all organisms Na Mg K Ca Cl
Trace levels essential for all organism Mn Fe Co Cu Zn
Trace levels essential for some organisms V Cr Mo B Al Ga Sn Si As Se I
Elements of Life
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Before studying biochemistry we should
know about the most common element
sharing in consisting most of its compounds
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
CARBON ( C )
bull Tetravalent 4 different bonds variety
isomerism
bull Has unique ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of living
organisms
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
Illustrating video
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
So in biochemistry we will study
bull Biochemistry is principally concerned with
the chemistry of biological substances that can
be classified into a few major categories
bull Carbohydrates
bull Lipids
bull Proteins and Amino acids
bull Nucleic acids
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