legal studies module 7
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DISPOSAL
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CONTENT
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Statutory Provisions
Types of Disposal
Persons Land may be
disposed off
Alienation
Reservation
Lease of Reserved Land
Temporary Occupation
License
Permits
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lecture students should be able to:
Explain the procedure of land alienation andregistration;
Explain the provisions for reversion of alienatedland;
Discuss the issues relating to temporary occupationlicence; and
Discuss the extent of primary rights enjoy by aregistered land owner under the NLC 1965; and
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Introduction
Land is a valuable asset both to the state as well as toindividuals.
Citizens in a capitalist democratic country expect toown property (land).
The NLC 1965 contains express provisions empoweringthe State Authority to dispose of State Land in variousdegrees.
The 1965 Code sets out the power, procedure,conditions and rules relating to land ownership.
The 1965 Code does not recognised adversepossession of State Land.
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Statutory Provisions
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General
Reversion
Extent of
Disposal
Alienation
Titles
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General
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Section 5
Section 40
Section 41
Section 42
Section 43
Definitions (keywords)
Property in state land, minerals & rock materials
Powers of disposal of & rights reversion
Powers of disposal
Persons land may be disposed of
Section 48 No adverse possession against the state
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Extent of Disposal
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Section 44
Section 45
Extent of disposal (general)
Extent of disposal (minerals, rock
materials and forest produce)
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Reversion
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Section 46
Section 46A
Section 47
Reversion, etc., to the State Authority
Reversion (undivided share)
Reversion (building)
Section 49 Reversion (Effect of advance/retreatof sea
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Reversion
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Section 50
Section 46A
Section 47
Power of State Authority to extend time
Reversion (undivided share)
Reversion (building)
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Section 5
Disposal Document of
title
Land office title
Proprietor
Registry title
State Authority
TemporaryOccupationLicence
Alienate final document
of title
Mukim grant
Qualified title
Reserved land
State land
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Alienated Land
final title
Mukim lease
Registerdocument of
title
Restriction in
interest
State lease
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Types of Disposal
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Section 42(1)
Alienation
Reservation
Lease
Permits
Sections 76, 77, 81 & 82, Part Five (A)
Sections 62 & 64
Section 63
Sections 70-75 (75A75G)
TOL Sections 65 - 69
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Persons Land may be disposed off
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(a)
(b)
(d)
(c)
Section 43
Natural persons
Corporations
Bodies under any other written law
empowered to hold land
Sovereigns, governments, organisations under
Diplomatic & Consular Privileges Ordinance 195
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Persons to whom land cannot be disposed off
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Mental DisordersOrdinance 1952
Bankruptcy Act1967
Article 34 FederalConstitution
Insane person
Bankrupt
Yang DiPertuan Agong
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Alienation
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Introduction
Statutory
Provisions
Meaning of
Alienation
Procedure of
Alienation
Condition &Restriction
Registration of
Titles
Extent of
Alienation
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Definitions
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Introduction
Alienation is the most important type of disposal in
relation to the other methods of disposal.
A person that is registered as the alienated land owner
gets to own the land and enjoy the ownership. The NLC contains provisions relating to every aspect of
the ownership.
For example the registered owner enjoys primary(natural) rights and secondary (acquired) rights.
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Statutory Provisions
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DIVISION II PART 5 CHAPTER 1 - 3
Chapter 1 Introduction Ss. 76 - 78
Chapter 2 Approval Ss. 79 - 82
Chapter 3 Final Title Ss. 83 - 92
DIVISION II PART 5A Ss. 92A - 92I
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Meaning of Alienation
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Alienate: to dispose of State Land in
perpetuity or for a term of years, in
consideration for payment of rent, and
otherwise in accordance to section 76
Section 76 Meaning of alienation
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Alienation Procedure
The 1965 Code does not indicate specifically theprocedure the State Authority should follow whenmaking alienation.
The SA gets its power from section 42 of the Code.
Section 48 rules that there can be no adverse possessionagainst the State.
However, all state administration have their own
procedures. The power to alienate land rests with the SA. The
executory body of the SA is the State Executive Council.
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Alienation Procedure
Generally, the SA may alienate land either on its owndecision or on application.
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Sidek bin Haji Mohamad & 461 Ors. v. The Govt.of the State of Perak & Ors.
Teh Bee v. Maruthamuthu
Seri Connolly v PTG Perak
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Condition and Restriction
Condition here refers to the power of the SA to imposeexpress condition of land use at the time passing thealienation resolution (sections 52(3) and 120].
Restriction in interest refers to restraint of dealingsimposed by the SA at the time of alienation (section 120)
Dr. Ti Teow Seow & anor v. Pendaftar Geran-GeranTanah Negeri Selangor
Toh Huat Khay v Lim A Chang (in his capacity as theexecutor of the estate of Toh Hoy Khay, deceased)[2010] 4 MLJ 312
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Registration of Titles
The NLC 1965 is based on the Torrens System.
Raja Azlan Shah in Teh Bee v. Maruthamuthu said that
under the Torrens System the registration is everything.
Thus when the SA alienates land, the registration is
concluded by the issuance of document title.
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Titles
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Section
77(1)
a) Final Title (Registry/Land Office Title); &
b) Qualified Title
Section77(2)
a) From Qualified Title to Final Title(surveyed under section 396)
Section
77(3)
a) Appropriate for Registry Title
b) Appropriate for Land Office TitleFinal Title
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Definitions
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Disposal
State Land
StateAuthority
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Disposal
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Section 5
Any disposal of land made by the State Authority in the
exercise of any of the powers conferred by section 42
Therefore:
Disposal is a method used by State Authority to enable
people to acquire a variety degree of rights with respectto State Land.
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All land in the State, including
so much of the bed of any river
foreshore, and
seabed
Within the territory of the State or
territorial waters, but excluding
Alienated
Reserved landMining land
Forest reserve
State Land
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Section 5
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All land in the State, including
so much of the bed of any river
foreshore, and
seabed
Within the territory of the State or
territorial waters, but excluding
Alienated
Reserved landMining land
Forest reserve
State Authority
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Section 5
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Extent of Alienation
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Section 44
Section 45
Extent of disposal: general
Extent of disposal : minerals, rock
materials and forest produce
(a) Air space
(b) Right of support
(c) Right of access
NaturalRights
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Extent of Alienation
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Exclusive use and enjoyment of air space
Cujus est solum ejus est usque ad coelum et ad inferos
Whose is the soil, his is also that is above and below it.
Lacroix v. The Queen [1954] 4 DLR 470
Swetland v. Curtis Airport Corpn. (1932) 55 F 2nd201
Right of support in its natural state
Mdm Chah Siam v. Chop Choy Kong Kongsi [1939]
Guan Soon Tin Mining v. Ampang Estate Ltd [1973]
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