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Guozheng LiDepartment of Biology, School of Arts and
SciencesUniversity of Kentucky, US
E-mail: gli4@uky.edu
Energy Crisis around the worldImbalance distribution of fossil resources of the worldLarge oil demand with rapid growth rate
Demand
Supply
conflict
Current situation in ChinaLack of oil and gas, abundant in coal
(Imbalance in sorts and distribution)High output with rapid growth (Excessive
use, running out sooner)Net importer country of oil with foreign
dependence as high as 40% (Energy security)
% Oil Gas Coal
Resource 2.7 0.9 15.0
Output 4.2 1.5 33.5
Proven fossil resource and output in China (proportion in the world)
Strategy to the challengeSaving energy and sustainable development education, government policy et al.Seeking alternative oil products and new energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Nuclear Energy
Geothermal Energy
Three Gorges Project – A project of century
Panoramic on Three Gorges Project
Air view of Three Gorges Project
Long term Project - a 17 years programThe largest hydro - junction among the worldBenefits - flood control, energy genesis, pollution
control, shipping improvement
Change our view…
Un-utilizable
1. Saving (decreasing used amount)
2. Increasing utilization ratio
Finding new energy
Limited!
Hard!!
Change waste into wealth
Feasible!!!
A special case – agriculture residues
Agriculture Residues 700 Million Tons/year in China
Waste or a sort of energy (Biomass)?
Field burningThis technique is used to clear the land of any existing crop residue as well as kill weeds and weed seeds. Field burning is less expensive than most other methods such as herbicides or tillage but because it does produce smoke and other fire related pollutants, its use is not popular in agricultural areas bounded by residential housing. In the United States, field burning is a legislative and regulatory issue at both the federal and state levels of government.
Problems caused by Field burning
Environmental pollution
Potential Dangers of Safety
e.g. Forest fire, Traffic accidents et al.
Waste energy resource
Straw Refining and benefitsUniversity of Science and Technology of China
(USTC) got new breakthroughs in technology on biomass refining on June 27th, 2007.
Refining straw, wood chips, corn stalk, cotton stalk into bio-oil, and oil production rate is more than 50%, including wood oil production rate more than 60%.
Benefits on multiple aspects: economical value environment protection energy utilization
Process of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis
Drying
Char separation
Comminution
Fast pyrolysis
Liquid recovery
Flowchart of biomass fast pyrolysis system
Feeding
Biomass Pyrolysis Apparatus(1) The optimal pyrolysis
temperature for different biomass is different, but all work well at 450~550℃.
(2) The yields of bio-oil for forest wastes and residues are 60~70 wt%, and for agriculture wastes and residues 50~60 wt%.
(3) The caloric values of bio-oil from all kinds of biomass are almost 16.0~18.0 MJ/kg.
Properties and Elemental Composition of the Liquid Fuels
Properties From rice husk From sawdust From mixture
H2O (wt%) 25.2 19.0 20.7
pH 2.8 2.1 2.6
Density (kg/m3) 1190 1300 1255
Viscosity (mm2/s)
128 240 156
LHV (MJ/kg) 17.42 18.2 17.4
C (wt%) 41.7 53.5 46.5
H (wt%) 7.7 6.4 7.3
O (wt%) 50.3 40.2 49.8
N (wt%) 0.3 0.2 0.2
S (wt%) 0.2 0.1 0.1
Combustion of Bio-oil
Boiler : 250x2500Bio-oil : 60kg/hTemperature: ≥1500℃
Demo Plant of Fast Pyrolysis A demo-plant with capacity
of 3000 tons of bio-oil per year, located at Shushan Industry Park, Hefei, has been built on March, 2007.
The process of pyrolysis is auto-thermal.
The feedstock is rice husk. The cost of bio-oil is less
than ¥ 1000 per ton. The bio-oil is mainly used
as fuel oil in industry.
Synthesis of Gasoline
Syngas
Fe/Cu/Al/KFe/Cu/Al/K
1.5 MPa, 300 1.5 MPa, 300 ℃℃
Gasoline
Synthesized Gasoline
0 40 800
40
80
C8
C21C20C19C18C17C16C15C14C13C12C11C10C9
C7
C6
C5
C4
DistributiDistributionof onof
carbon carbon number number
in in the the
synthesizesynthesized productsd products
Bio-oil
Carbon + Gas Product
Biomass Syngas
Chemicals
Methanol Gasoline
Pyrolysis
Reforming
Isolating
Synthesis
Supply energy for pyrolysis
By-products
Strategy of Using Biomass
AcknowledgementDr. Qingxiang Guo (Anhui Key Laboratory for Biomass
Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China)Xixi Wei (School of Life Sciences, University of Science and
Technology of China)
Most of the pictures in this document are provided and reserved by Biomass Clean Energy Laboratory, USTC.
One World One One World One DreamDream
Welcome to Welcome to Beijing Beijing Olympics 2008!Olympics 2008!
Greeting…
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