life span chapter 2: culture. culture learned patterns of behavior thinking decisions actions

Life Span

Chapter 2: Culture

Culture

• Learned patterns of behavior

• Thinking• Decisions• Actions

What is Culture?

• Shared– Beliefs– Values– Ideas– Doctrine

Culture

•Culture

Health

Influences

Cultural Awareness

CULTURE

Values

Reaction to Death

Male / Female roles

Diet

Child rearing

Pain perception

Reaction to Stress

Is the USA

A.A melting potB.Salad bowl

Heterogeneous

• Consists of many ethnic groups.

Beliefs

• Truths held by a culture

Values

• Deep feelings that determine what is considered good or bad.

Norms

• Society accepted rules

Folkways

• Greeting customs

Laws

• Written policies enforced by govt.

Mores

• Strong moral beliefs

Sanctions

• Social remedies for violating any norms

Symbols

• Language, gestures, objects used to communicate

Race

• Similar physical characteristics

Ethnicity

• Shared cultural heritage

Ethnocentric

• Belief that your culture is better than another

Stereotyping• Fixed, over generalized belief

about a group

Transcultural nursing

• Cultural competence• Cultural awareness• Cultural sensitivity

Hispanic

• Largest• Fastest growing

Hispanic

• Head of the family…–Man

• Personal space–Close when

talking

Hispanic

• Direct eye contact–Avoided–Evil eye

• Religion–Strong –Catholic

Hispanic

• Health care–Home remedies–Folk healing–Doctor makes decisions

Hispanic• Most common disease–Diabetes–Hypertension–Lactose intolerance

Native Americans

• Elders –Respected

• Talking loud–Rude

• Eye contact–Unacceptable

Native Americans

• Respect for –The earth

• Child care–Babies touched less

Native Americans

• Common diseases–Heart disease–Diabetes–Lactose intolerance

African Americans

• Eye contact–Aggressive

• Family organization–Matriarchal

• Distrust –Health care

African Americans• Common diseases–Hypertension–Cancer–Stroke–Diabetes–Kidney disease–Liver disease

Europeans Americans

• Speech–Loud

• Eye contact–Essential

• Touching–Less accepted

European Americans

• Common diseased–Cancer –Leukemia

Asian Americans

• Communication–Quiet

• Eye contact–Disrespectful

• Touch–Only between same gender

• Health–Ying / Yang

• Common disease–Lactose intolerance–Hypertension–Liver cancer–Stomach cancer

“A group of people who share and are unified by experiences and background based on such

factors as socioeconomic status, religion, education and residence.”

A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race

“Belief that their own cultural group’s beliefs and values are the only acceptable ones”

A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race

“Is the learned behavior, values, beliefs, norms, and practices shared by a particular group of

people that guide their thinking, decisions and actions”

A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race

“The act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments

or convictions.”

A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race

5. “To identify differences in physical characteristics, such as skin color, eye shape

and bone structure.”

A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race

Culture / Race / Ethnic group / Prejudice

• Culture: – “Is the learned behavior, values,

beliefs, norms, and practices shared by a particular group of people that guide their thinking, decisions and actions”

• Race: – “To identify differences in physical

characteristics, such as skin color, eye shape and bone structure.”

• Ethnic group: – “A group of people who share and

are unified by experiences and background based on such factors as socioeconomic status, religion, education and residence.”

• Prejudice– “The act or state of

holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions.”

• Ethnocentrism: – “Belief that their own

cultural group’s beliefs and values are the only acceptable ones”

Nation of origin: Asian

• Communication–National - dialects–Silence / Non-verbal

• Space–Non contact

• Time–Present

Nation of origin: Asian

• Social Orientation–Family: hierarchical –Community > self

• Environmental control–Traditional medicine

• Biologic Variations–Liver & stomach CA; HTN; lactose

intolerance

Nation of origin: African

• Communication–Dialects

• Space–Close personal space

• Time–Present over future

Nation of origin: African

• Social Orientation–Many single parents– Large extended family–Church

• Environmental control–Traditional medicine

• Biologic Variations– Sickle cell anemia; HTN; lactose intolerance,

Stomach CA

Nation of origin: European

• Communication–National + English

• Space–Noncontact; Aloof

• Time–Future over present

Nation of origin: European

• Social Orientation–Nuclear family

• Environmental control–Modern medicine

• Biologic Variations–Breast CA; heart disease; Diabetes

Nation of origin: Native American

• Communication–Tribal–Silence and body language

• Space–VERY important

• Time–Present

Nation of origin: Native American

• Social Orientation–FAMILY–Respect & traditions

• Environmental control–Traditional healing

• Biologic Variations–Heart disease, diabetes, Cirrhosis of the liver

Nation of origin: Hispanic

• Communication–Spanish/Portuguese

• Space–Touch

• Time–Present

Nation of origin: Hispanic

• Social Orientation–Family nuclear + extended

• Environmental control–Traditional medicine

• Biologic Variations–Diabetes, lactose intolerance

• “People of every culture have the right to have their cultural values known, respected, and addressed appropriately”

• The nurse must be …– Sensitive– Aware– Respectful

6 cultural characteristic

• Communication• Space• Social orientation

• Time• Environmental control• Biological variations

Religious Care Consideration

• Islam: –Prayers – washing,

privacy–Caregivers same

gender– Food: Do not eat

pork or alcohol– Fasting: Ramadan

Religious Care Consideration

• Judaism– Sabbath (Friday

night – Saturday night) avoid activities– Food: Kosher (not

milk + meat); NO PORK

Religious Care Consideration

• Hinduism–Vegetarian–No BEEF – (Cows

are sacred)

Religious Care Consideration

• Catholic:–No meat on Friday–Religious icons–Anointment for

healing, and when death imminent

Religious Care Consideration

• The Church of Jesus Christ of LDS/Mormon–No tea, coffee,

alcohol–Wear special

underclothing

• Methodist– On request clergy

anoint with oil

• Lutheran – On request clergy

anoint with oil

Religious Care Consideration

• Assemblies of God–May seek divine

healing thought prayer and laying on of hands

Religious Care Consideration

• Jehovah’s Witness–No blood

transfusions–Do not observe

national / religious holidays

Religious Care Consideration

• 7th day Adventist–No caffeine, pork,

shell fish,–Many vegetarian–Sabbath is on

Saturday

Religious Care Consideration

• Christian Science –Gen. do not seek

traditional medical treatment–Avoid immunizations

on religious grounds

Cultural influences

• Technological• Religious &

philosophical• Kinship and social• Cultural values and life-

ways• Political and legal• Economic• Educational

Homework

• Read–Key words–Learning objectives–Review questions

• Lecture notes

Test

• Reading & lecture