linking social innovation and smart specialisation
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SmartSpecThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement
number 320131.
Linking Social Innovation and Smart Specialisation
FP7 SmartSpec Project, Learning Journey Workshop,Ljubljana, 29-30, September 2014
Ranald Richardson, Pedro Marques, and Kevin Morgan
SmartSpec
Presentation Structure
Introduction: Key objectives of WP2 The (fuzzy) concept of Social innovation Linking Social Innovation and Smart
Specialisation The Societal Challenge approach Potential limitations of societal challenge
approach Open discussion: other approaches
SmartSpec
WP2 Key Objectives
To explore the conceptual links between S3 and social innovation
To identify how social innovation can contribute to S3 strategies focusing in particular on:
• The role of public service innovation around RIS• The involvement of users and citizens in processes of design and decision• The role of social enterprises as sources of social innovation
We look at these issues through the lens of the ageing societal challenge combining conceptual and empirical approaches
Our core deliverables are academic papers but we seek to contribute to directly to policy thinking
SmartSpec
So what is Social Innovation?
“An idea longing for a theory….no consensus regarding its relevance or specific meaning… lacking in clarity…. ‘a Babel-like terminological confusion’” (Pol & Ville, 2009; Moulaert, et al, 2013;Oosterlynk, 2013)
A ‘quasi-concept’ whose utility lies in grouping researchers and policymakers around a set of issues and concerns to generate social knowledge of value to both” (Jensen and Harrison, 2013)
BEPA’s 3 broad ‘interdependent’ categories (BEPA, 2011)
grass roots: social innovation for unmet social demands societal challenges: where ‘social’ and ‘economic’ boundaries blur in order to
better meet society wide problems systemic: fundamental changes in attitudes, values, strategies, policies, organisational
structures and processes, delivery systems and services…re-shaping society itself
Our view: SI is context dependent - Our Context is S3
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Social innovations as processes and outcomes
“Social innovations are innovations that are social in both their ends and their means…new ideas (products, services and models) that simultaneously meet social needs (more effectively than alternatives) and create new social relationships or collaborations.
The process of social interactions between individuals undertaken to reach certain outcomes is participative, involves a number of actors and stakeholders who have a vested interest in solving a social problem, and empowers the beneficiaries. It is in itself an outcome as it produces social capital” (BEPA, 2010: 9-10, italics added)
Economic goals Economic-industrial policy Market values Wealth creation Efficient socio-economic
arrangements Technology biased European model of capitalism Established regional strategy
role Fragmented communities of
regional economic development practice
Social goals Social policy Social values Resource redistribution Just socio-economic
arrangements Critical of technology bias Anti/post/operating-in-the-
interstices of capitalism Limited regional strategy
role Fragmented communities of
social development practice
RIS Social Innovation
‘Disconnects’ between RIS and SI
Separate multi-territorial governance silos
SmartSpec
Emerging Models of Social and Economic Collaboration
Triple Helix + users model
Firm-centred LL model
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Emerging Models of Social and Economic Collaboration
Citizen centred QH model
Public-sector-centred LL model
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SI and the Four Cs
The Four Cs1. Choices: the selection of a few investment
priorities based on a process of entrepreneurial discovery to identify promising areas of specialisation
2. Competitive advantage: building on current economic specialisation and mobilising talent by matching RTD+I with business needs and capacities
3. Critical mass: developing world class excellence clusters and providing arenas for related variety and cross-sectoral links which drive specialised technological diversification
4. Collaborative Leadership: collective endeavour involving the academic world, public authorities, business and innovation users
Can SI contribute to Four Cs?
Bring different values to motivate action
Extend domains of entrepreneurial discovery
Help move S3 beyond STI or at least complement STI bias
Enhance process and expand collective endeavour to underpin S3
Can S3 contribute to SI?
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Focus on Societal Challenges
Societal challenges where ‘social’ and ‘economic’ boundaries blur in order better to meet society wide problems
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Why choose ‘societal challenge’ (SC)
Why focus on societal challenges?
Global policy buy-in to ‘challenge’ approach – OECD, WEF, etc.
€30bn Horizon 2020 for SC S3 strategies can… be a powerful
instrument to tackle (societal) challenges (CEC, 2013)
Challenge perspective should be included in regional strategies
Early research indicates many regions adopting SC approach
Most promising space for empirics
EU Grand Challenges
Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Food security, sustainable agriculture, marine and maritime research, and the bio-economy
Secure, clean and efficient energy Smart, green and integrated transport Inclusive, innovative and secure
societies Climate action, resource efficiency
and raw materials
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The Ageing Challenge and Opportunity
Ageing society as a challenge and an opportunity
“Ageing isn’t a problem, but a source of innovation and growth” (Nellie Kroes)
Markets innovations Innovation of new products and services Innovative approaches to ageing consumers and citizens
Public service innovations More cost effectively delivering public services Planning and delivering public services New sources of public service delivery
New sources of innovation funding New sources of labour requiring labour market innovations ‘New’ sources of entrepreneurship: private , social and third sectors
Direct contribution to innovation processes “the wisdom economy”
SmartSpec
S3 has a dual territorial logic At the European level S3 is about overcoming
duplication, creating greater collaboration and a more diverse innovation system
At the (national) regional level it is about specialisation for competitive advantage around existing or credibly realisable excellence
European strength through diversity based on local ‘particularism’
Smart Spatial Specialisation (S3)
SmartSpec
Societal Challenge Innovation at the Europe Level: Health and Care Initiatives
(Boekholt, 2013) European Innovation Partnership
AHA
Hor
izon
202
0
Health
,
Demog
raph
ic
Chang
e, W
ellb
eing A
mbien
t
Assisted Livin
g
Dig
ital A
genda
for
Euro
pe
Health for Growth
Innovative
Med
icine
Initiative
Early Diagnosis
Personalised
medicinesBio
Markers
Interoperationability for e
Health
Distant patient
monitoring
Assisted daily living
Integrated care
systems
Prevention chronic diseases
EU legislation cross border healthcare
Social interaction of elderly
people
Independent livingSelf
management of
daily life
Cultural changeOrganisational change
Training
Service integration
User Empowerment
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Innovation and the Ageing challengeBuilt-in technological bias?
Policies and initiatives Technology Innovation and Ageing Societal Challenge
Demographic Change Grand Challenge
Digital Agenda for Europe: Ageing Societal Challenge (DG Connect)
Horizon 2020: Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing
European Institute for Technology (EIT): Innovation for Healthy Active Ageing Thematic Field and KICs Call
European Year of Active Ageing European eHealth Forum: Technology for Health, Ageing and Economic Growth (DG SANCO)
EIP on Active Healthy Ageing Ambient Assisted Living JP
JIP on Demographic Change EJIP on Demographic Change: Technologies for Living
Partnerships for Robots in Europe (Health Care and Human Robotic Interaction
SmartSpec
Regional market response strategy (EURADA, 2011)
SmartSpec
But S3 requires specialisation
Adapted from Lower Saxony Region RIS3
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S3 and Ageing Challenge: Supporting Alternative Innovation Domains?
Medical tech
ICTs & Smart
Transport
Assistive
technologies
Health
Social isolation
ILH
Medical & Life
Sciences
ICT Built environment
Home region as test market,
innovation test-bed, and a collective innovation
environment for SC technologies,
with extra-regional
collaboration and market
search
SI as ‘handmaiden’ of
economic growth?
Transport
SmartSpec
S3 and Ageing Challenge: Supporting Alternative Innovation Domains?
Medical tech
ICTs & Smart
Transport
Assistive
technologies
Health
Social isolation
ILH
Medical & Life
Sciences
ICT Built environment
Also use technology innovation as catalyst for SI in home region, through PPPPs, culture and org change, new training regimes , etc.
Or focus on non-technology innovation, e.g., developing new services process consultancy
Transport
SmartSpec
A number of ‘challenges’:
The Capacity Challenge The Prioritization Challenge The Stakeholder Engagement Challenge The ‘Policy Mix’ Challenge The Multi-level Governance Challenge The Cross-border Challenge The Smart (Evidence-based) Policy Making Challenge The Policy Capacity Challenge
All regions face societal challenges, but is it an opportunity for all?
SmartSpec
Some examples
Capacity Challenge Lack of private sector capacity in Societal
Challenge theme(s) and of related variety proximity Lack of critical mass to prioritize potential Little regional power or responsibility
Prioritization challenge Lack of integrated (social-economic) networks -
missing actors in entrepreneurial search process The ‘tyranny’ of traditional priorities
SmartSpec
The Stakeholder Challenge Interdisciplinary, inter-sectoral, intra-organisational silos Engaging civic organisations and users meaningfully and for long-
term Engaging public sector for innovative solutions in an era of austerity
Policy-mix Challenge Integrating policymakers Integrating funding streams
Multi-level governance Challenge Vertical and horizontal alignment Policy and responsibility split between social and economic
Some examples
SmartSpec
The Cross-border collaboration challenge Difficult to design cross-border innovation strategies multiplied
in context of national social strategies Social policy actors tend to be concerned with their ‘own
backyard’ The Smart Policy Making Challenge - evidence
Does social or economic have priority Can you measure both Social indicators and metrics underdeveloped
Policy Capacity Challenge Can regions create the competencies mix and formal and
informal new structures required?
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