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List of Greek and Latin roots in EnglishFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, suffixes, and prefixescommonly used in English.
Some of those used in medicine and medical terminology are not listed here but instead inWikipedia's List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.
Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also — References— External links
A
Root Meaning in EnglishOrigin
language Etymology (rootorigin)
English examples
ab-, a-, abs- away Latin ab "away"abnormal, abrasion,absent, abstract,aversion
ac-, acu- sharp or pointed acupuncture
acid- sour or acid Latin Acidosis
Latin
acutus pastparticiple of acuere"to sharpen", fromacus "needle"
acutifoliate
acr(i)- sharp, pungent, bitter Latin acer, acris acrid, acrimony
acr(o)- height, summit, tip Greek Greek ἄκρος ákros"high", "extreme"
acrobatics,acromegaly,acronym,acrophobia,
ad-, a-, ac-,af-, ag-, al-,ap-, ar-, as-,at-
movement to or toward; inaddition to Latin ad "to", "toward" adapt, affect,
ascend, accept
adip- fat Latin adeps, adipis "fat" adiposeaer-, aero- air, atmosphere Greek ἀήρ (aer) "air" aeronautics, aerosol
aesthet- feeling, sensation Greek
aisthētikos "of senseperception" fromαἰσθάνεσθαιaisthanesthai "toperceive"
aesthetics,anaesthetic
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agri-, -egri- field Latin ager, agris "field,country"
agriculture,peregrine
agro- field Greek from Greek ἀγρόςagros "field" agronomy
am-, amat-,amor- love, loved Latin amor "love" from
amāre "to love" amateur, amorous
ambi- both, on both sides Latin ambi "on both sides" ambidexterityamic-, -imic- friend Latin amicus amicable, inimical
amphi- around, about, both, onboth sides of, both kinds Greek ἀμφί amphi "on both
sides"amphibian,amphibolic
ampl- ample Latin amplus amplificationan-, a- not, without Greek Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not" anhydrous, atypical
ana-, an- again, against, back, up Greekfrom Greek prefixἀνά- ana- "again","against"
anabaptist,anaphylaxis, anode
anemo- wind Greek ἄνεμος anemos anemometer
anima- breath Latin anima "breath" animal, animation
ann-, -enn- year, yearly Latin annus "year"anniversary, annual,biannual,millennium
ant-, anti- against, opposed to,preventive Greek ἀντί anti "against" antibiotic, antipodes
ante-, anti- before, in front of, prior to Latin ante "before","against"
antebellum,antediluvian,anticipate,antiquarian
anth-, antho- flower Greek ἄνθος anthos"flower" anther, anthology
anthropo- human Greek ἄνθρωπος anthropos"man"
anthropology,anthropomorphic
apo- away from, separate, at thefarthest point Greek ἀπό apo "from,
away, un-, quite" apogee, apostasy
aqu- water Latin aqua aquamarine,aquarium, aqueduct
ar- plow, till Latin ărāre arable
ar- be dry Latin ārēre "be dry orparched" arid
arche-,archi- ruler Greek
ἀρχή arche "rule"(in compounds:ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-)
archangel,archetype
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archaeo-,archeo- ancient Greek
ἀρχαῖος arkhaios"ancient" fromarkhē "beginning"
archaeology orarcheology, archaic
arct(o)-
Relating to the North Poleor the region near it;relating to cold; used as thescientific name of somebear species, e.g. Ursusarctos horribilis
Greek ἄρκτος arktos"bear" Arctic Ocean
argent- silver Latin argentum argent, Argentina
arist(o)- excellence Greek ἀρετή, ἄριστοςarete, aristos aristocracy
arthr(o)- joint Greek ἄρθρον arthron arthritis, arthropod
astr-, astro- star, star-shaped Greek ἄστρον astron "star" asterisk, astrology,astronomy, disaster
athl- prize Greek ἄθλος athlos"contest, feat" athlete, pentathlon
aud(i)- hearing, listening, sound Latin audire "to hear" auditorium, auditory
aug-, auct- grow, increase Latin augēre, auctus "toincrease" augmentation
aur- relating to gold, orgold-colored Latin aurum "gold" aureole
auri- relating to the ear Latin auris "ear" auricle
aut- , auto- self; directed from within Greek αὐτός (autos) "self","same"
automobile,autonomy
avi- bird Latin avis aviary, aviationaxi- axis Latin axis axisymmetry
axio- merit Greek ἄξιος (axios)"worth" axiology
B
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage Etymology (root
origin) English examples
bac- rod-shaped Latin from baculum "rod" bacilla, bacteria
baro- weight, pressure Greek βάρος (baros) barometer, barograph,baroreceptor
basi- at the bottom Greek from βαίνω, I walk,march, βάσις "step" basic, basis
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bathy-,batho- deep, depth Greek βαθύς (bathús,
bathýs) batholith, bathyscaphe
be-, beat- bless Latin beare, beatus beatification
bell(i)- war Latin bellum, belli antebellum, bellicose,belligerent
ben- good, well Latin bene (adverb) benefit, benignity
bi- two Latin bis, "twice"; bini, "intwos"
binoculars, bigamy,biscotti
bib- drink Latin bibere, bibitus imbibe
bibl- book Greek βιβλίον (biblíon)"book" bibliography, bible
bi(o)- life Greek βίος (bíos) "life" biology, biologist,biosphere
blenn(o)- slime Greek βλέννος (blennos) blennophobia,blennosperma
blast- germ, embryo, bud,cell with nucleus Greek βλασταίνω, "I put
forth shoots"sideroblast, fibroblast,osteoblast, blastula
bon(i)- good Latin bonus bonify, bonitary
bor- north Greek / Latin(boreas)
Greek βορρᾶς(borras) "the northwind"
borealis
botan- plant Greek βοτάνη, βότανον(botanē, botanon) botany
bov- cow, ox Latin bos, bovis bovine
brachi(o)- arm Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn) brachial artery,brachiosaurus
brachy- short Greek βραχύς (brakhús,brakhýs) brachydactyly
brady- slow Greek βραδύς (bradús,bradýs) bradycardia
branchi- gill Greek βράγχιον (brágkhion,bránkhion)
branchiopod,nudibranch
brev(i)- brief, short (time) Latin brevis, breviare abbreviation, brevitybriz- nod, slumber Greek βρίζω (brizō)
brom- oats Greekβρόμος, βρόμη(brómos, bróme)"oats"
Bromus ramosus
brom- stench Greek βρόμος (brómos)"stench, clangor" bromide
bronch- windpipe Greek βρόγχος (brógkhos,brónkhos)
bronchitis, bronchus,bronchiole
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bront- thunder Greek βροντή (brontē) Brontosaurus
bucc- cheek, mouth,cavity Latin bucca buccal, buccinator
musclebulb- bulbous Latin bulbus bulbous, bulbule
bull- bubble, flask Latin bulla, "bubble" ebullient, ebullism
burs- pouch, purse Latin bursa bursar, bursary,disburse, bursa
C
Root Meaning in English Originlanguage Etymology (root
origin)English examples
cac(o)- bad Greek κακός (kakos) cacophonycad-, -cid-,cas- fall Latin cadere, casus accident, cadence,
casecaed-, -cid-,caes-, -cis- cut Latin caedere, caesus caesura, incisor,
caesarean
calc- stone Latin andGreek
from Latin calx "lime",and from Greek χάλιξ(khalix) "pebble""limestone"
calculus, calcite,calcium
calli- beautiful Greek from Greek κάλλοςkallos "beauty" calligraphy
calor- heat Latin calor "heat" calorie
calyp- cover Greek καλύπτειν (kaluptein) apocalypsecamer- vault Latin camera bicameral, camera
camp- field Latin campus "field", "levelground" champion, campaign
can(i)- dog Latin canis "dog" canine, Canis Majorcan-, -cin-,cant- sing Latin canere "sing" cantata, canto, cantor
cand- glowing, iridescent Latin candere "to be white orglisten"
candid, incandescent,candle, candela
cap-, -cip-,capt-, -cept- hold, take Latin
capere, captus "take orhold" (note the vowelchange from a to i incompounds)
capture, captive,conception, recipient
capit-, -cipit- head Latin caput, capitis "head" capital, decapitation,precipitation
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capr- goat Latin caper, capri Capricorn, caprinecaps- box, case Latin capsa capsule
carbo- coal Latin carbo, carbonis carboncarcer- jail Latin carcer, carcerare incarceration
carcin- cancer (disease) Latin fromGreek
Latin from Greekκαρκίνος (karkinos)"crab"
carcinoma,carcinogenic
cardi(o)- relating to the heart Greek καρδιά kardia "heart" cardiology,cardiograph
cardin- hinge Latin cardo, cardinis cardinalcarn- flesh Latin caro, carnis carnival, carnivore
carp(o)- relating to fruit Greek from Greek καρπός(karpos) "fruit" carpology, carpals
carp- relating to the wrist Greek from Greek καρπός(karpos) "wrist"
carpal, carpal tunnelsyndrome
cata- down Greek κατά kata "down"catastrophe,catatonia, catabolic,cathode, catalyst
caten- chain Latin catena concatenation
cathar- pure Greek καθαρός (katharos) catharsiscaud- tail Latin cauda caudalcause-, cuse-,courd cause or motive Latin
cav- hollow Latin cavus "hollow" cave, cavity,excavation
ced-, cess- go Latin cedere, cessus procession, recede
celer- quick Latin celer, celerare acceleration, celeritycen(o)- new Greek καινός (kainos) Cenozoic
cen(o)- empty Greek κενός (kenos) cenotaphcens- Latin censere "to estimate" census
cent- hundred Latin centum cent, centennial,centurion
centen- hundred each Latin centeni centenary
centesim- hundredth Latin centesimus centesimal,centesimation
centr- center Greek κέντρον (kéntron)"needle", "spur" eccentric
cephalo- head Greek κεφαλή kephale "head"cephalopod,encephalogram,cephalic
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ceram- clay Greek κέραμος (keramos) ceramic
cerat- horn Greek κέρας, κέρατος (keras,keratos) "horn" keratin
cern- sift Latin cernere discern
cervic- relating to the neck,relating to the cervix Latin cervix, cervicis "neck" cervix, cervical
ceter- other Latin ceterus et cetera
chiro- of the hand or hands Greek χείρ kheir "hand" chiroptera,chiropractic, chiral
chelono- relating to a turtle Greek χελώνη khelone"tortoise" chelonia
chloro- green Greek from Greek χλωρόςkhlōros "green"
chlorine, chlorophyll,chloroplast
choreo- relating to dance Greek
from Greek χορείαkhoreia "dancing inunison" from χορόςkhoros "chorus"
choreography
chord- cord Latin andGreek
chorda "rope" fromχορδή (chordē) chordata
chrom- color Greek χρῶμα chrōma "color" chromosome,chromium
chron- time Greek χρόνος chronos chronic, chronometer,chronology
chryso- gold Greek χρυσός khrusos "gold" chrysolite
cili- eyelash Latin cilium ciliacine- motion Greek κινέω (kineo) cinemaciner- ash Latin cinis, cineris incinerationcing-, cinct- gird Latin cingere, cinctus succinctcirc- circle Latin circus circus
circum- around Latin circum "around" circumference,circumcise
cirr- orange Greek κιρρός (kirros) cirrhosiscirr- curl, tentacle Latin cirrus cirrus
civ- citizen Latin civis civilityclad- branch Greek κλάδος (klados) cladeclar- clear Latin clarus, clarare clarity, declaration
clast- broken Greek κλαστός (klastos) iconoclast, osteoclastclaud-,-clud-,claus-, -clus-
close Latin claudere, clausus clause, exclusion,include
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clav- key Greekfrom Greek κλείς kleis"key" from κλείειν,kleiein "to close"
conclave, clavicle
cl(e)ist- closed Greek κλειστός kleistoscleithr- bar, key Greek
clement- mild Latin clemens, clementis clemency, inclementclin- bed, lean, recline Latin -clinare declination, inclined
cochl- shell Greek κόχλος (kochlos) cochlea
coel- hollow Greek κοῖλος (koilos) spongocoel, coelom,blastocoel
cogn- know Latin cognoscere cognitive, cognizant,recognize
col- strain Latin colare, colum colandercoll- hill Latin colliscoll- neck Latin collum collarcolor- color Latin color colorationcon-, co-,col-, com-,cor-
with, together Latin cum connect, collide,compress
condi- season Latin condire condimentcon(o)- cone Greek κῶνος (konos) conic, conical
contra- against Latin contra contrast, contradict("say against")
copro- dung Greek κόπρος (kopros)coprolite,coprophagia,coprophilia
corac- raven Greek κόραξ, κόρακος (korax,korakos) coracoid
cord- heart Latin cor, cordis accord, cordial
corn- horn Latin cornu cornea, cornucopia,unicorn, cornified
coron- crown Latin corona, coronare corona, coronation
corpor- body Latin corpus, corporis corporation, corpse,corpuscle
cortic- bark Latin cortex, corticis corticosteriodcosm(o)-' universe Greek κόσμος (kosmos) cosmonaut
cosmet(o)- Greek κοσμητ- (kosmet-) cosmetics,cosmetology
cost- rib Latin costa costal
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cotyl- cup Greek κοτύλη (kotulē) cotyledon
-cracy, -crat government/rule/authority Greek κράτος (kratos) democracy
crani- skull Greek κρανίον (kranion) cranium
crass- thick Latin crassus crassitudecre- make Latin creare, creatus creation, creature
cred- believe, trust Latin credere, creditus credibility, credentials
crep- boot, shoe Greek κρηπίς, κρηπίδος(krēpis, krēpidos)
cribr- sieve Latin cribrum, cribrare cribble, cribratering Greek κρίκος (krikos)
cris-, crit- judge Greek κρίσις (crisis) crisis, criticcrisp- curled Latin crispus crispate
crist- crest Latin crista cristatecross(o)- fringe, tassel Greek κροσσός (krossos)
cruc(i)- cross Latin crux, crucis crucial, crucifix,crucify, excruciating
crur(i)- leg, shank Latin crus, cruris crural
crypt- hidden Greek κρυπτός (kruptos) cryptic, cryptography
cten(o)- comb Greek κτείς, κτενός (kteis,ktenos) ctenophore
cub- cube Greek κύβος (kubos) cubic, cuboid
cub- lie Latin cubare incubation, succuba
culin- kitchen Latin culina culinaryculp- blame, fault Latin culpa culpable, exculpate
cune- wedge Latin cuneus cuneiform
curr-, curs- run Latin currere, cursus concurrent, recursion,cursive, current
curv- bent Latin curvus curvature
cuspid- lance, point Latin cuspis, cuspidis bicuspidcut(i)- skin Latin cutis cuticle
cyan- blue Greek κυανός (kuanos) cyanide
cycl(o)- circular Greek κύκλος (kuklos) bicycle, cycle,cyclone
cylind- roll Greek κύλινδρος (kulindros) cylinder
cyn(o)- dog Greek κύων, κυνός (kuōn,kunos) cynosure
cyst- capsule Greek κύστις (kustis) cystic
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cyt(o)- cell Greek κύτος (kutos) cytoplasm, cnidocyte
D
Root Meaning InEnglish
OriginLanguage Etymology (Root
Origin) English Examples
dactyl- finger, toe,digit Greek δάκτυλος (daktulos) dactylology, pterodactyl
damn-,-demn-
to inflict lossupon Latin damnāre condemn, damnation
de- from, awayfrom, removing Latin dē delete, demented
deb- owe Latin debere, debitus debitdeca-, dec-,deka-, dek- ten Greek δέκα deka, ten decagram, decahedron
decim- tenth part Latin decimus, tenth; fromdecem, ten decimal, decimate
delt- Greek δέλτα (delta) deltoiddem-, demo- people Greek δῆμος (dēmos) demagogue, democracy
den- ten each Latin deni denarius, denary
dendr-,dendro-
resembling atree Greek
δένδρον (dendron):akin to δρύς, drys,"tree"
dendrite
dens- thick Latin densus condense, density
dent- tooth Latin dens, dentis dental, dentures
derm- skin Greek δέρμα (derma) dermis, epidermis,hypodermic
deuter- second Greek δεύτερος (deuteros) Deuteronomy, deuterostomedexter- right Latin dexter dexterity
dextro- right Greek δεξ-, right dextrosedi- two Greek δι dicot, dipole
dia- apart, through Greek διά (dia) dialysis, diameter
dict- say, speak Latin dicere, dictus contradict, dictation,dictionary, edict, predict
digit- finger Latin digitus digital
dino- terrible,fearfully great Greek δεινός (deinos) dinosaur
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dipl- double;twofold Greek διπλός (diplos) diploid, diplosis
doc-, doct- teach Latin docere, doctus docile, doctordodec- twelve Greek δώδεκα (dodeka) dodecasyllabicdogmat-,dox- opinion, tenet Greek δόξα dogmatic, orthodox
dom- house Latin domus dome
dorm- sleep Latin dormire dormant, dormitorydors- back Latin dorsum dorsal
du- two Latin duo dualdub- doubtful Latin dubius dubious
duc-, duct- lead Latin dux, ducisabduction, conductor,introduction, production,reduction, deduction
dulc- sweet Latin dulcis
dur- hard Latin durus durable, duration, duress,endure, obdurate
dy- two Greek δυο (duo) dyad
dynam- power Greek δύναμη (dunamē) dynamism, dynasty, dynamite
dys- badly, ill Greek δυσ- dysentery, dysplasia,dystrophy
E
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage
Etymology (rootorigin)
English examples
ec- out Greek ἐκ (ek) eccentric
eco- house Greek οἶκος (oikos) ecology, economics,ecumenism
ecto- outside Greek ἐκτός (ektos) ectodermed-, es- eat Latin edere, esus edible
ego- self, I (first person) Latin, Greek ego, ἐγώ egocentricego-, eg- goat Greek αἴξ (aix) egophonyem-, empt- buy Latin emere, emptus exemption, redeememe- vomit Greek ἔμετος (emetos) emetic
emul- striving to equal,rivaling Latin aemulus, aemulare emulation
en-, em- in Greek ἐν (en) emphasis
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endo- inside Greek ἔνδον (endon) endocrineengy- narrow Greek ἐγγύς (engys)
ennea- nine Greek ἐννέα (ennea) ennead, enneagonens- sword Latin ensiseo-, eos-,eoso- dawn, east Greek Ἠώς/Ἕως Eocene
epi-, ep- upon Greek ἐπί (epi) epicenter, epoch
epistem- knowledge orscience Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistēmē) epistemic
equ-, -iqu- even, level Latin aequus equal, equivalenceequ- horse Latin equus Equestrian
erg- work Greek έργον (ergon) ergonomicserr- stray Latin errare aberration, errant
erythr(o)- red Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthros) erythrocyteeso- within Greek ἔσω (esō) esotericetho-, eth-,ethi- custom, habit Greek ἦθος (ēthos) ethology
ethm- sieve Greek ἠθμός (hethmos);ἤθειν (hethein) ethmoid
ethn- people, race, tribe,nation Greek ἔθνος (ethnos) ethnic, ethnarch
etym(o)- true Greek ἔτυμος (etumos) etymologyeu- well, good Greek εὖ (eu) euphoria, euthanasia
eur- wide Greek εὐρύς (eurus) Europe
ex-, e-, ef- from, out of Latin ex exclude, extrude,extend
exo- outside Greek ἔξω exothermicexter-,extra- outer Latin externus exterior
extrem- outermost, utmost Latin extremus extremity,extremophile
F
Root Meaning in English Originlanguage Etymology (root
origin)English examples
f-, fat- say, speak Latin fari, fatus fate, infant, preface
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fab- bean Latin faba faba beanfac-, -fic-, fact,-fect- make Latin facere, factus defect, factory,
manufacturefalc- sickle Latin falx, falcis falciformfall-, -fell-,fals- deceive Latin fallere, falsus falsity, infallibility
fallac- false Latin fallax, fallacis fallacy
famili- a close attendant Latin famulus familiarityfant- to show Greek φαντάζω fantasy
fasc- bundle Latin fascis fasciculationfatu- foolish, useless Latin fatuus fatuous, infatuation
feder- treaty, agreement,contract, league, pact Latin foedus, foederis confederation, federal
fel- cat Latin feles, felis Felinae, feline
felic- happy, merry Latin felix, felicis felicityfell- suck Latin fellare fellation
femin- women, female Latin femina femininityfemor- thigh Latin femur, femoris femoralfend-, fens- prevent Latin fendere, -fensus defend, offensefenestr- window Latin fenestra defenestration
fer- carry Latin ferre reference, transferferoc- fierce Latin ferox, ferocis ferocity
ferr- iron Latin ferrum ferrousfet- stink Latin fetere fetid, fetorfic- fig Latin ficus Ficusfid-, fis- faith, trust Latin fides, fidere, fisus confidence, fidelityfil- thread Latin filum filament
fili- son Latin filius affiliationfin- end Latin finis finish, finalfind-, fiss- split Latin findere, fissus fission, fissures
firm- fix, settle Latin firmus, firmare confirmation,firmament
fistul- hollow, tube Latin fistulafl- blow Latin flare, flatus flatulence, inflation
flacc- flabby Latin flaccus, flaccere flaccidflav- yellow Latin flavus flavonoidflect-, flex- bend Latin flectere, flexus flexor, inflection
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flig-, flict- strike Latin fligere, flictus conflict, inflictflor- flower Latin flos, floris floral, floridflu-, flux- flow Latin fluere, fluxus effluent, fluency, influxfoc- hearth Latin focus focalfod-, foss- dig Latin fodere, fossus fossilfoen- hay Latin fenuculumfoli- leaf Latin folium defoliantfont- spring Latin fons, fontisfor- bore Latin forare, foratus perforation
form- shape Latin forma conformity, deformity,formation
fornic- vault Latin fornix, fornicis fornicationfort- strong Latin fortis fortification
fove- shallow rounddepression Latin fovea fovea
frang-, -fring-,fract-, frag- break Latin frangere, fractus fracture, fragment,
frangible, infringefrater-, fratr- brother Latin frater fraternityfric-, frict- rub Latin fricare, frictus dentifrice, frictionfrig- cold Latin frigere frigid, frigorific
front- forehead Latin frons, frontis confront, frontalfruct-, frug- fruit Latin frux, fructis fructose
fug-, fugit- flee Latin fugere centrifuge, fugitive,refuge
fum- smoke Latin fumus fume, fumigation
fund- bottom Latin fundus, fundare fundamentalism,profundity
fund-, fus- pour Latin fundere, fusus effusion, profusionfung-, funct- do Latin fungi, functus function, fungibilityfur-, furt- steal Latin fur, furare furtivefurc- fork Latin furca bifurcation
fusc- dark Latin fuscus obfuscation
G
Root Meaning inEnglish
Origin language Etymology (rootorigin)
English examples
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galact- milk Greek γάλα, γαλακτός(gala, galaktos) galactic
gastr- stomach Greek γαστήρ (gaster) gastric,gastroenterologist
ge(o)- earth Greek γῆ (gē), γεω- (geō-) geology
gel- icy cold Latin gelum gelidgen- race, kind Greek γένος genocideger-, gest- bear, carry Latin gerere, gestus digest, gestationgermin- sprout Latin germen, germinis germination
glabr- hairless Latin glaber glabrousglaci- ice Latin glacies glacier
gladi- sword Latin gladius gladiatorglia- glue Greek γλία (glia) glial
glob- sphere Latin globus global, globuleglori- glory Latin gloria glorify
glutin- glue Latin gluten, glutinis agglutinationgrad-, -gred-,gress- walk, step, go Latin gradus, gradere,
gressus grade, regress
gramm- letter Greek γράμμα (gramma) grammaticgran- grain Latin granum granary, granule
grand- grand Latin grandis grandiloquousgraph- draw, write Greek γραφή (graphē) graphic, graphology
grat- thank, please Latin gratus gratitudegrav- heavy Latin gravis gravity
greg- flock Latin grex, gregis gregarious,segregation
gubern- govern, pilot Latin gubernare gubernatorial
gust- taste Latin gustus gustoguttur- throat Latin guttur guttural
gymn- nude Greek γυμνός (gymnos) gymnasium,gymnosperm
gyn- woman Greek γυνή gynecology
H
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage
Etymology (rootorigin) English examples
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hab-, -hib-,habit-, -hibit- have Latin habere, habitus habit, prohibition
haem(o)- blood Greek αἷμα (haima) haemophilia
hal(o)- salt Greek ἅλς, ἁλός (hals,halos) halogen
hal-, -hel- breathe Latin halare, halatus anhelation, inhale
hapl(o)- simple, single Greek ἁπλοῦς (haplous) haploidhaur-, haust- draw Latin haurire, haustus exhaustion
heli(o)- sun Greek ἥλιος (hēlios) heliotrope, heliumhemi- half Greek ἥμισυς (hēmisus) hemisphere
hen- one Greek ἕν (hen) henad, hyphen
hendec- eleven Greek ἕνδεκα (hendeka) hendecagonhept- seven Greek ἑπτά (hepta) heptagon, heptathlonher-, hes- cling Latin haerere, haesus adhesive, coherentherb- grass Latin herba herbicide
hered- heir Latin heres, heredis heredityherp- creep Greek ἕρπω (herpō) herpetology
heter(o)- different,other Greek ἕτερος (heteros) heterodox
heur- find Greek εὑρίσκω(heuriskō) heuristic
hex- six Greek ἕξ (hex) hexagon
hibern- wintry Latin hibernus hibernationhiem- winter Latin hiems hiemal
hipp(o)- horse Greek ἵππος (hippos) hippodromehirsut- hairy Latin hirtus, hirsutus hirsute
hispid- bristly Latin hispidus hispidityhistri- actor Latin histrio, histrionis histrionic
hod- way Greek ὁδός (hodos) cathode, hodometer, herpolhode
hol(o)- whole Greek ὅλος (holos) holistichom(o)- same Greek ὁμός (homos) homosexual
home(o)- like Greek ὅμοιος (homoios) homeostasishomin- human Latin homo, hominis hominid
homal- even, flat Greek ὁμαλός(homalos) anomalous
honor- esteem Latin honos, honoris honorable
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hor- boundary Greek ὅρος (horos) aphorism, horizonhor(o)- hour Greek ὥρα (hōra) horoscope
horm- that whichexcites Greek ὁρμή (hormē) hormone
hort(i)- garden Latin hortus, horti horticulturehospit- host Latin hospes, hospitis hospitality
host- enemy Latin hostis hostilehum- ground Latin humus, humare exhumation, inhumehyal- glass Greek ὕαλος (hualos) hyaline, hyaloid
hydr(o)- water Greek ὕδωρ (hudōr)hydrology, hydrophobia,hydroponic, hydraulic,hydrolysis, hydrous, hydrophilic
hygr- wet Greek ὑγρός (hugros) hygrometer
hyo- U-shaped Greek ὑοειδής(huoeidēs) hyoid
hyp(o)- under Greek ὑπό (hupo) hypothermia
hyper- above, over Greek ὑπέρ (huper) hypertonichypn(o)- sleep Greek ὕπνος (hupnos) hypnosis
hyster- later Greek ὕστερος(husteros) hysteresis
I
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage
Etymology (rootorigin) English examples
ichthy(o)- fish Greek ἰχθύς (ichthus) ichthyology
icos- twenty Greek εἴκοσι (eikosi) icosagon, icosahedronid(o)- shape Greek εἶδος (eidos) idol
ide(o)- idea; thought Greek ιδέα (idea) , ideogram, ideologyidi(o)- personal Greek ἴδιος (idios) idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiotign- fire Latin ignis igneous, ignitionin- (1), im- in, on Latin in incur, intend, invitein- (2), il-,im-, ir-
not, un-(negation) Latin in- illicit, impossible,
inimical, irrationalinfra- below, under Latin infra infrastructure
insul- island Latin insula insular, insulation
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inter- among, between Latin inter (preposition) intercollegiate,intermission, intersection
intra- within Latin intra intramuralirasc-, irat- be angry Latin irasci irascible, irate
is-, iso- equal, the same Greek ἴσος (isos) isometric, isomorphic,isotropic
iter- again Latin iterum, iterare iteration
itiner- route, way Latin iter, itineris – march,journey itinerary
J
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage Etymology (root origin) English examples
jac- lie Latin jacēre "to be thrown" adjacent
jac- (originallyIAC), -ject- cast, throw Latin
iacio, iacere, ieci, iectus –"to throw" (and cognatesthereof)
eject, interject,ejaculate, trajectory
janu- door Latin janua janitor
joc- joke Latin jocus jocularityjug- yoke Latin jugare, jugum conjugal, subjugate
jung-, junct- join Latin jungere, junctus conjunction,juncture
junior- younger Latin junior juniorityjus-, jur-, judic-(originally IVS) law, justice Latin ius, iuris; iudex, iudicis justice, jury, judge
juv-, jut- help Latin juvare, jutus adjutantjuven- young, youth Latin juvenis juvenile, rejuvenate
juxta- beside, near Latin juxta juxtaposition
K
Root Meaning inEnglish
Origin language Etymology (rootorigin) English examples
kil(o)- thousand Greek χίλιοι (chilioi) kilobyte, kilogram,kilometer
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kine- movement, motion Greek κινέω (kineo) telekinesis, kineticenergy, kinesthetic
klept- steal Greek κλέπτης (kleptēs) kleptomaniakudo- glory Greek κῦδος (kudos) kudos
L
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage
Etymology (rootorigin) English examples
lab-, laps- slide, slip Latin labi, lapsus elapse, relapse
labi- lip Latin labia, labiae bilabial, labiallabor- toil Latin labor collaboration, elaboration
lacer- tear Latin lacer lacerationlacrim- cry, tears Latin lacrima "tear" lacrimal, lacrimous
lact- milk Latin lac, lactis, lactare lactate, lactation, lactoselamin- layer, slice Latin lamina laminate, lamination
lamp- shine Greek λαμπάς lampas"torch" lamp
lapid- stone Latin lapis, lapidis lapidary
larg- large Latin largus enlargementlarv- ghost, mask Latin larva larva, larvae, larval
lat(i)- broad, wide Latin latus latitudelater- side Latin latus, lateris bilaterallaud-, laus- praise Latin laudere laudlav- wash Latin lavare lavatory
lax- not tense Latin laxus, laxare laxative, relaxationled-, les- hurt Latin laedere, laesus lesionleg- law Latin lex, legis, legare legal, legislative
leio- smooth Greek λείος leios leiomyomaleni- gentle Latin lenis, lenire leniency
leon- lion Latin leo, leonis "lion" Leo, leonine, Leopoldlep- flake, scale Greek λέπις lepis Lepidoptera
leps- grasp, seize Greek λήψης lepsis epilepsyleuc(o)-,leuk(o)- white Greek λευκός leukos leucocyte
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lev- lift, light Latin levis "light" (inweight), levare elevator, levitation
liber- free Latin liber, liberare liberationlibr- book Latin liber, libri library
lig- bind Latin ligare, ligatus ligament, ligaturelin- line Latin linea linearity, line
lingu- language, tongue Latin lingua bilingual, linguisticlinqu-, lict- leave Latin linquere, lictus relict, relinquishlip(o)- fat Greek λίπος lipos lipolysis
liter- letter Latin littera alliteration, illiterate,literacy, literal, obliterate
lith(o)- stone Greek λίθος lithos lithosphere, megalith,monolith, Neolithic Era
loc- place Latin locus local, location
log- thought, word,speech Greek λόγος logos "word" logic, monologue,
morphological
long- long Latin longus elongate, longitudeloqu-,locut- speak Latin loqui allocution, eloquence
luc- bright, light Latin lux, lucis light Lucifer (bearer of light)lud-, lus- play Latin ludere, lusus allude, illusion
lumin- light Latin lumen, luminis illumination, luminouslun- moon Latin luna lunar, lunatic
lysis dissolving Greek λύσις, lysis cytolysis, hydrolysis
M
Root Meaning InEnglish
OriginLanguage
Etymology (RootOrigin) English Examples
macro- long Greek μακρός (makros) macronmagn- great, large Latin magnus magnanimous, magnificent
maj- greater Latin major, majus majesty, majority, majuscule
mal- bad, wretched, Latin malus malfeasance, malicious,malignancy, malodorous
mamm- breast Latin mamma mammal, mammary gland
man- flow Latin manare emanationism, immanant
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man- stay Latin manēre, mansus immanence, permanent,remanence
mand- hand Latin mandāre, mandatus mandate, remandmania mental illness Greek μανία kleptomania, maniac
manu- hand Latin manus manual, manuscriptmar- sea Latin mare, maris marine, maritimemater-,matr- mother Latin mater, matris matriarch, matrix
maxim- greatest Latin maximus maximalmedi-,-midi- middle Latin medius, mediare median, medieval
meg- great, large Greek μέγας (megas) megaphone
mei- less Greek μείον (meiōn) meiosismelan- black, dark Greek μέλας (melas) Melanesia, melanoma
melior- better Latin melior ameliorationmell- honey Latin mel, mellis mellifluous
memor- remember Latin memor memorialmening- membrane Greek μενινξ (meninx) meningitis
men(o)- moon Greek μήν (men) menopause, menstruationment- mind Latin mens, mentis demented, mentality
mer- part Greek μέρος (meros) polymer
merc- reward, wages,hire Latin merx, mercis mercantile, merchant
merg-,mers- dip, plunge Latin mergere emerge, immersion
mes- middle Greek μέσος (mesos) mesolithic, mesozoicmeter-,metr- measure Greek μέτρον (metron) metric, thermometer
meta- above, among,beyond Greek μετά (meta) metaphor, metaphysics
mic- grain Latin mica micelle
micr(o)- small Greek μικρός (mikros) microphone, microscopemigr- wander Latin migrare emigrant, migrate
milit- soldier Latin miles, militis military, militiamill- thousand Latin mille millennium, million
millen- thousand each Latin milleni millenarymim- repeat Greek μίμος (mimos) mime, mimic
min- jut Latin minere prominent
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min- less, smaller Latin minor, minus minority, minuscule
mir- wonder,amazement Latin miror, mirari,
miratus sum admire, miracle, mirror
mis- hate Greek μῖσος (misos) misandry, misogynymisce-,mixt- mix Latin miscere, mixtus miscellaneous, mixture
mit- thread Greek μίτος (mitos) mitochondrion
mitt-,miss- send Latin mittere, missus intermittent, missionary,
transmission
mne- memory Greek μνήμη (mnēmē) mnemonic
mol- grind Latin mola, molere,molitus molar
moll- soft Latin mollis emollient, mollifymon(o)- one Greek μόνος (monos) monism, monolith, monotone
monil- string of beads Latin monile Moniliformidamont- mountain Latin mons, montis Montana
morph- form, shape Greek μορφή (morphē) anthropomorphism,morpheme, morphology
mort- death Latin mors, mortis immortal, mortality, mortuary
mov-,mot- move, motion Latin movere, motus mobile, momentum, motor,
movemulg-,muls- milk Latin mulgere emulsion
mult(i)- many, much Latin multus multiple, multiplex, multitude
mur- wall Latin murus, muri immured, muralmus- thief Latin mus, muris mouse
musc- fly Latin musca, muscae Muscicapidae, Muscidaemut- change Latin mutare mutation
my- mouse Greek μῦς (mus) musophobia
myri- countless, tenthousand Greek μύριος (murios) myriad
myth(o)- story Greek μῦθος (muthos) mythic, mythologymyx- slime Greek μύξα (muxa)
myz- suck Greek
N
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Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (rootorigin)
English examples
nar- nostril Latin narisnarc- numb Greek νάρκη (narkē) narcosis, narcoticnarr- tell Latin narrare narrative
nas- nose Latin nasus nasalnasc-, nat- born Latin nascere, natus nascent, native
naut- ship Greek ναῦς (naus) astronautnav- ship Latin navis naval
ne(o)- new Greek νέος (neos) neologismnecr(o)- dead Greek νεκρός (nekros) necrophobia
nect(o)- swimming Greek νηκτός (nektos) nectopodnect-, nex- join, tie Latin nectere, nexus connection
neg- say no Latin negare negativenema- hair Greek νῆμα (nēma) nematode
nemor- grove, woods Latin nemus, nemoris nemoral
nephr- kidney Greek νεφρός (nephros) nephritisnes- island Greek νῆσος (nēsos) Polynesia
neur- nerve Greek νευρών (neurōn) neurology,neurosurgeon
nict- wink Latin nictari nictationnigr- black Latin niger denigrate
nihil- nothing Latin nihilum annihilation
noct- night Latin nox, noctis nocturnal,noctambulist
nod- knot Latin nodus node, nodulenom- arrangement, law Greek νόμος (nomos)
nomad- those who letpasture herds Greek νομάς, νομάδος (nomas,
nomados) nomadic
nomin- name Latin nomen, nominis nominationnon- not Latin non nonenon- ninth Latin nonus nonary
nonagen- ninety each Latin nonageni nonagenarynonagesim- ninetieth Latin nonagesimus nonagesimal
not- letter, note, paper Latin notare notaphilynoth- spurious
noto- back, south Greek νότος (notos)
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nov- nine Latin novem novennialnov- new Latin novus innovation, nova
noven- nine each Latin noveni novenarynovendec- nineteen Latin novendecimnox-, noc- harmful Latin noxa noxiousnu- nod Latin nuere innuendo
nub- Latin nubes, nubis nubilenuc- nut Latin nux, nucis nucleus
nuch- back of neck Latin nucha nuchal cordnud- naked Latin nudus denude, nudity
null(i)- none Latin nullus nullify
numer- number Latin numerus numeralnunci- announce Latin nuntius pronunciation
nupti- Latin nuptialnutri- nourish Latin nutrire nutrient
O
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage
Etymology (rootorigin) English examples
ob-, o-, oc-,os- against Latin ob obstinate, ostentatious,
obstreperousoct- eight Greek ὀκτώ (oktō) octagon, octahedron
oct- eight Latin octō octangular, octennial,octovir
octav- eighth Latin octāvus octavaloctogen- eighty each Latin octogeni octogenaryoctogesim- eightieth Latin octogesimus octogesimal
octon- eight each Latin octoni octonaryocul- eye Latin oculus, oculare ocular, oculus
od- path, way Greek ὁδός (hodos) anode, odometerod- hate Latin odium odious
odont- tooth Greek ὀδούς, ὀδόντος(odous, odontos) odontology
odor- fragrant Latin odor odorousoeco- house Greek οἶκος (oikos) ecology
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oed- swollen Greek οἴδημα (oidēma) oedemaoen- wine Greek οἶνος (oinos) oenology
oesoph- gullet Greek οἰσοφάγος(oisophagos) oesophagus
ogdo- eighth Greek ὄγδοος (ogdoos)-oid like Greek -οειδής (-oeidēs) organoid, mucoid
ole- oily Latin
olecran- skull of elbow Latin fromGreek
ὠλέκρανον(ōlekranon) olecranon
olig- few Greek ὀλίγος (oligos) oligarchyoliv- olive Latin oliva-oma cancer Greek -ωμαomas- paunch Latin omasum omasum
oment- fat skin Latin omentumomin- creepy Latin omen, ominis ominous
omm- eye Greek ὄμμα (omma) ommatidiumomni- all Latin omnis omnipotence, omnivoreomo- shoulder Latin
omphal- navel Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalos) omphalectomyoner- burden Latin onus, oneris onerous
onom- name Greek όνομα (onoma) onomatopoeiaont- existing Greek ὄντος (ontos) ontogeny, ontology
-onym name Greek ὄνυμα (onuma) pseudonymoo- egg Greek (oion) oocyte
opac- shady Latin opacus opacityoper- work Latin opus, operis opera
opercul- little cover Latin operculumophi- snake Greek ὄφις (ophis)
ophthalm- eye Greek ὀφθαλμός(ophthalmos) ophthalmology
opisth- behind Greek ὄπισθεν (opisthen) opisthosoma, opsimath
opoter- either Greek ὁπότερος (hopoteros)opt- eye Greek ὀπτός optos optical
opt- choose Latin optare adopt, optionaloptim- best Latin optimus optimum
or- mouth Latin os, oris oral, oratororb- circle Latin orbis orbit
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orch- testicle Greek ὄρχις (orchis) orchidordin- order Latin ōrdō, ordinis ordinal, ordinary
organ- organ, instrument,tool Greek ὄργανον (organon) organism
ori-, ort- eastern Latin oriri, ortus orientorn- decorate Latin ōrnāre adorn, ornament, ornate
ornith- bird Greek ὄρνις (ornis, ornithos) ornithologyorth(o)- straight Greek ὀρθός (orthos) orthodoxy, orthosisoscill- swing Latin oscillum oscillation
oss(i)- bone Latin os, ossisosteo- bone Greek ὀστοῦν (ostoun) osteoporosis
osti- entrance Latin ostium ostioleostrac- shell Greek ὄστρακον (ostrakon) ostracism
ot- ear Greek οὖς,ωτός (ous, ōtos) otologyov- egg Latin ovum oval, ovule
ovi- sheep Latin ovis ovineoxy- sharp, pointed Greek ὀξύς (oxus) oxymoron
P
Root Meaning inEnglish
Originlanguage Etymology (root
origin) English examples
pac- peace Latin pax, pacis pacifism
pach- thick Greek παχύς (pachus) pachydermata,Pachypodium
paed- child Greek παῖς, παιδός (pais,paidos) paediatric
pagin- page Latin pagina paginationpal- stake Latin palus impalement, palepalae-, pale- ancient, old Greek παλαιός (palaios) paleontology
palin- back Greek πάλιν (palin) palindromepall- be pale Latin pallere pallid, pallor
palli- mantle Latin pallium palliumpalm- palm Latin palma palmate
palustr(i)- in marshes Latin paluster palustral
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pan-, pam- all Greek πᾶς, παντός (pas,pantos) pandemic
pand-, pans- spread Latin pandere, pansus expand, expansionpar(a)- beside, near Greek παρά (para) parallel, parameter
pariet- wall Latin paries, parietis parietalpart(i)- part Latin pars, partis bipartite, partition
parthen(o)- maiden Greek παρθένος(parthenos) parthenogenesis
parv- little Latin parvus parvoviruspasc-, past- feed Latin pascere, pastus pasture, repastpass- pace, step Latin passuspasser- sparrow Latin passer passeriform, passerinepat- be open Latin patere patent
path- feel, hurt Greek πάθος (pathos) pathetic, pathology
pati-, pass- suffer, feel,endure, permit Latin pati, passus passive, patience
patr- father Greek πατήρ, πατριά(patēr, patria) patriarch
patr(i)- father Latin pater, patris patrilocalpauc- few Latin paucus paucal, paucity
pav- Latin pavire pavementpecc- sin Latin peccare impeccable
pect- fixed Greek πηκτός (pēktos) pectic, pectin
pector- chest Latin pectus, pectoris pectoralpecun- money Latin pecunia pecuniary
ped- child Greek παῖς, παιδός (pais,paidos) pedagogy
ped- foot Latin pes, pedis pedal, quadrupedpejor- worse Latin pejor pejorative
pell-, puls- drive Latin pellere, pulsus propellent, propulsor,repellent
pen- almost Latin paene peninsula, penultimate,penumbra
pend-, pens- hang Latin pendere suspendpenn-, pinn- feather Latin penna pennate, pinnatepent- five Greek πέντε (pente) pentagon
pentecost- fiftieth Greek πεντηκοστός(pentēkostos) pentecostalism
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pept- to digest Greek πέσσειν, πεπτός(pessein, peptos) peptic, peptide
per- thoroughly,through Latin per perfection, persistence
peran- across, beyond Greek πέραν (peran)
peri- around Greek περί (peri) perimeter, periscopepersic- peach Greek περσικός (persikos)
pessim- worst Latin pessimus pessimalpet- strive towards Latin petere appetite, competition
petr- rock Greek πέτρα (petra) petroglyphphae(o)- dark Greek φαιός (phaios) phaeomelanin
phag- eat Greek φαγεῖν (phagein) sarcophagus
phalang-close formation oftroops, fingerbones
Greekφάλαγξ, φάλαγγος(phalanx,phalangos)
phalanges
phalar- having a patch ofwhite Greek
φάλαρος(phalāros)[1] phalarope
pharmac- drug, medicine Greek φάρμακον(pharmakon) pharmacy
phanero- visible Greek φανερός (phaneros) phanerozoicpher- bear, carry Greek φέρω (pherō) pheromone
phil-, -phile brotherly love Greek φιλέω (phileō,philia) philosophy, hydrophile
phleg- heat Greek φλέγω (phlegō) phlegm, phlegmaticsphloe- tree bark Greek φλοιός (phloios) phlobaphene, phloemphob- fear Greek φόβος (phobos) hydrophobia
phon(o)- sound Greek φωνή (phōnē)homophone,microphone,phonograph
phor- carry, bear Greek φόρος (phoros) metaphor
phos-, phot- light Greek φῶς, φωτός (phōs,phōtos) phosphor, photograph
phragm- fence Greek φράγμα (phragma) diaphragm
phren- diaphragm, mind Greek φρήν, φρενός(phrēn, phrenos) schizophrenia
phryn(o)- toad, toad-like Greek φρύνη (phrunē) Phrynobatrachusphyl- tribe Greek φύλον (phulon) phylogenetics, phylumphyll- leaf Greek φύλλον (phullon) chlorophyll, phyllotaxis
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physa- bladder Greek φυσά, φούσκα(phusa, phouska)
phys- nature Greek φύσις (phusis) physics
phyt- plant Greek φυτόν (phuton) neophyte,phytoplankton
pic- pitch Latin pix, picispil- hair Latin pilus depilatory, epilator
pin(o)- drink Greek πίνειν (pinein) pinocytosispin- pine Latin pinus pineal glandping-, pict- paint Latin pingere, pictus depiction, picturepingu- fat Latin pinguis Pinguicula
pir- pear Latin pirus piriformis musclepisc- fish Latin piscis Pisces, piscivore
pis- pea Greek πίσος (pisos)
plac- plate, tablet Greek πλάξ, πλακός (plax,plakos)
plac- calm Latin placare, placatus placateplac-, -plic- please Latin placēre, placitus placebo, placid
plagi- oblique Greek πλάγιος (plagios) plagioclase
plan- flat Latin planus explanation, planar,plane
plang-, planct- Latin plangere, planctus plangent
plas- mould Greek πλάθω (plathō) plasma, plastic
platy- flat, broad Greek πλατύς (platus) platypusplaud-, -plod-,plaus-, -plos- clap Latin plaudere, plausus applaud, applause,
explosion, implodeple-, plet- fill Latin plere complement, suppletion
pleb- people Latin plebs, plebis plebian, plebs
plec- interwoven Greek πλέκω (plekō) plectics,symplectomorphism
plect-, plex- plait Latin plectere, plexus perplexplen- full Latin plenus plenary
plesi- near Greek πλησίος (plēsios)pleth- full Greek πλῆθος (plēthos) plethora
pleur- side Greek πλευρά (pleura)plic- fold Latin plicare, plicatus duplication, replicate
plinth- brick Greek πλίνθος (plinthos)
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plor- Latin plorare imploreplu- rain Latin pluereplum- feather Latin pluma plumage, plumateplumb- lead Latin plumbumplur- more Latin pluris pluralplurim- most Latin plurimusplus- more Latin pluspluvi- rain Latin pluvia pluvial
pneu- air, lung Greek πνεῦμα (pneuma) pneumatic
pod- foot Greek πούς, ποδός (pous,podos) podiatry, tripod
pogon(o)- beard Greek πώγων, πώγωνος(pōgōn, pōgōnos) pogonotrophy
poie- make Greek ποιέω (poieō) poiesispol- pole Greek πόλος (polos) dipole, polarpole-, poli- city Greek πόλις (polis) metropolis, politicspolem- war Greek πόλεμος (polemos) polemicpoli(o)- grey Greek πολιός (polios)
pollic- thumb Latin pollex, pollicispollin- Latin pollen, pollinis pollination
poly- many Greek πολύς (polus) polygon
pon-, posit- put Latin ponere, positus component, position,postpone
ponder- weight Latin pondus, ponderis preponderance
pont- bridge Latin pons, pontis pontoonpopul- people Latin populus, populare populationpor- passage Greek πόρος (poros) pore
porc- pig Latin porcus porcine, porkporphyr- purple Greek πορφύρα (porphura) porphyrin
port- gate Latin porta portalport- carry Latin portare, portatus export, transportation
post- after, behind Latin post posterior, postscriptpot- drink Latin potus, potare potable
potam- river Greek ποταμός (potamos) Mesopotamia,hippopotamus
prasin- leek-green Greek πράσινος (prasinos) prasinous
prat- meadow Latin pratum
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prav- crooked Latin pravus depravitypre- before Latin prae previous
prec- pray Latin prex, precis, precari deprecationpred- Latin praeda, praedari predatorprehend-,prend-,prehens-
grasp Latin prehendere,prehensus comprehend
prem-, -prim-,press- press Latin premere, pressus pressure
presby- old Greek πρέσβυς (presbus) Presbyterianism
preter- past Latin praeter preterite, pretermissionpreti- price Latin pretium, pretiare
prim- first Latin primus primary, primeval,primitive
prior- former Latin prior priority
priv(i)- separate Latin privus, privare,privatus deprivation, privilege
pro- before, in front of Greek πρό (pro)pro- for, forward Latin pro propulsion
prob- try Latin probus, probare probationproct- anus Greek πρωκτός (prōktos) proctology
propri- Latin proprius appropriate, proprietypros(o)- forward Greek πρός (pros)
prot(o)- first Greek πρῶτος (prōtos) protoplasmproxim- nearest Latin proximus, proximare approximate, proximity
prun- plum Latin prunus prunepsamma- sand Greek ψάμμος (psammos)
pseud(o)- false Greek ψεῦδος (pseudos) pseudonym
psil(o)- bare Greek ψιλός (psilos) epsilonpsych(o)- mind Greek ψυχή (psuchē) psycho
psychr(o)- cold Greek ψυχρός (psuchros)pter- wing, fern Greek πτερόν (pteron) helicopter
pto- fall Greek πτώσης (ptōsēs) ptosisptyal- saliva Greek πτύον (ptyon)
ptych- fold, layer Greek πτύξ, πτυχή(ptuchē) triptych
pubi- sexually mature Latin pubes pubescent, pubic
public- Latin publicus publication
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pude- Latin pudere impudentpugn- fight Latin pugna, pugnare pugnacious, repugnant
pulchr- beautiful Latin pulcher, pulchri pulchritudepulmon- lung Latin pulmo, pulmonis pulmonary
pulver- dust Latin pulvis, pulveris pulverizepung-, punct- prick Latin pungere, punctus puncture, pungent
puni- punish Latin punire, punitus punitivepup- doll Latin pupa pupa, puppet
pur- pure Latin purus impurity, purifypurg- Latin purgare expurgate, purgatory
purpur- purple Latin purpuraput- prune, reckon Latin putāre compute, putativepyg(o)- rump Greek πυγή (pugē) pygostyle
pyl- gate Greek πυλών, πυλῶνος(pulōn) pylon
pyr(o)- heat, fire Greek πύρ, πυρός (pur,puros) pyrolysis
Q
Root Meaning InEnglish
OriginLanguage
Etymology (RootOrigin)
EnglishExamples
quadr- four Latin quattuor quadrangle,quadrillion
quadragen- forty each Latin quadrageni quadragenaryquadragesim- fortieth Latin quadragesimus quadragesimal
quart- fourth Latin quartus quartary, quartilequasi- as if Latin quasi quasar
quatern- four each Latin quaterni quaternary,quaternion
quati-, quass- shake Latin quaterequer-, -quir-,quesit-, -quisit- search, seek Latin quaerere Inquisition, query
qui- rest Latin quies quietquin- five each Latin quini quinary
quindecim- fifteenth Latin quindecimus quindecimalquinden- fifteen each Latin quindeni quindenary
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quinque- five Latin quinque quinquenniumquint- fifth Latin quintus quintary, quintile
quot- how many, howgreat Latin quota, quotient
R
Root Meaning InEnglish
OriginLanguage
Etymology (RootOrigin)
English Examples
rad-, ras- scrape, shave Latin radere, rasus abrade, abrasion
radi- beam, spoke Latin radius, radiare radiance, radiationradic- root Latin rādix, rādīcis eradicate, radical
ram- branch Latin rāmus ramification, ramoseran- frog Latin rana Rana
ranc- rancidness, grudge,bitterness Latin rancere rancid, rancor
rap- turnip Latin rapum rapeseed
raph- seam Greek ῤαφή (rhaphē)rar- Latin rarus rarity
rauc- harsh, hoarse Latin raucus raucousre-, red- again, back Latin re- recede, redact
reg-, -rig-,rect- straight Latin regere, rectus dirigible, erect,
erection, rectum
rem- oar Latin remus bireme, trireme
ren- kidney Latin renes renalrep-, rept- crawl, creep Latin repere, reptus reptile
ret- net Latin rete reticle, retina
retro- backward, behind Latin retro retrograde,retrospective, retrovirus
rhabd- rod Greek ῥάβδος (rhabdos) rhabdoid, rhabdom
rhach-,rach- spine Greek ῥάχις, ῥάχεως
(rhachis) rhachiodont
rhag- tear, rent Greek ῥαγίζω rhagades
rhe- flow Greek ῥεῖν (rhein) rheostatrhig- chill Greek ῥῖγος (rhigos) rhigosaurus
rhin- nose, snout Greek ῥίς, ῥινός (rhis,rhinos) rhinoplasty
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rhiz- root Greek ῥίζα (rhiza) rhizomerhod(o)- rose Greek ῥόδον (rhodon) rhododendron
rhomb- spinning top Greek ῥόμβος (rhombos) rhombusrhynch- snout Greek ῥύγχος Rhynchobatusrid-, ris- laugh Latin ridere, risus derision, ridiculerobor- oak, strength Latin robur, roboris corroborationrod-, ros- gnaw Latin rodere, rosus corrode, erosion, rodentrog- ask Latin rogare interrogation
rostr- beak, prow Latin rostrum rostrumrot- wheel Latin rota, rotare rotationruber-,rubr- red Latin ruber rubric, ruby
rug- wrinkle Latin ruga, rugare corrugation
rumin- throat Latin rumen, ruminis ruminationrump-,rupt- break Latin rumpere, ruptus eruption, rupture
rur- country Latin rus, ruris rural
S
Root Meaning in English Originlanguage Etymology (root
origin)English examples
sacchar- sugar Greek σάκχαρον(sakcharon) saccharin
sacr-, secr- sacred Latin sacer, sacrare consecrate,sacrament
sagac- wise Latin sagax, sagacis sagacity
sagitt- arrow Latin sagitta sagittal plane,Sagittaria
sal- salt Latin sal, salis, salere salinity
sali-, -sili-, salt- jump Latin salire, saltus resilient, salient,saltus
salic- willow Latin salix, salicis salicin
salv- save Latin salvus, salvare salvationsan- healthy Latin sanus insane, sanity
sanc- holy Latin sancire, sanctus sanctify, sanctuary
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sanguin- blood Latin sanguis, sanguinis consanguinity,sanguine
sapi-, -sipi- taste, wise Latin sapere insipience, sapientsapon- soap Latin sapo, saponis saponification
sarc(o)- flesh Greek σάρξ, σαρκός(sarx, sarkos) sarcophagus
saur- lizard, reptile Greek σαῦρος (sauros) dinosaur
sax- rock Latin saxumscab- scratch Latin scabere scabies
scal- ladder, stairs Latin scala scalar, scale
scalen- uneven Greek σκαληνός(skalēnos)
scalene muscles,scalene triangle
scand-, -scend-,scans-, -scens- climb Latin scandere ascend, transcendent
scaph- anything hollow,bowl, ship Greek σκάφη, σκάφος scaphoid bone
scel- leg, thigh Greek σκέλος, σκέλεος(skelos) isosceles
schem- plan Greek σχῆμα (schēma) schematic
schis- split Greek σχίζω, σχίσμα(schisma) schism
sci- know Latin scire prescient, sciencescind-, sciss- split Latin scindere rescind, scissors
scler- hard Greek σκληρός (sklēros) scleroderma, sclerosisscoli- crooked Greek σκολιός (skolios) scoliosis
scop-, scept- look at, examine,view, observe Greek σκέπτομαι, σκοπός
(skopos)
horoscope,kaleidoscope,stethoscope
scrib-, script- write Latin scribere, scriptus inscribe, scripturesculp- carve Latin sculpere, sculptus sculpture
scut- shield Latin scutum scutescyph- cup Greek χούφτα (chouphta) Scyphozoase-, sed- apart Latin se secede, sedition
seb- tallow Latin sebum sebaceous, sebum
sec-, sect-, seg- cut Latin secare secant, section,segment
sed- settle, calm Latin sedare, sedatus sedative
sed-, -sid-, sess- sit Latin sedere, sessus reside, sediment,session, supersede
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sedec- sixteen Latin sedecim sedecimalseget- in cornfields Latin segetum
sei- shake Greek σείω, σεισμός(seismos) seismograph
selen- moon Greek σελήνη (selēnē) Selene, seleniumsell- saddle, seat Latin sella sella turcica
sema- sign Greek σῆμα (sēma) semantics, semaphoresemi- half Latin semis semifinalsemin- seed Latin semen, seminis insemination
sen- old man Latin senex, senis senator, senilitysen- six each Latin seni senarysenti-, sens- feel Latin sentire, sensus consensus, sentient
sept- fence, partition,enclosure Latin saeptum transept
sept- seven Latin septem septennial
septen- seven each Latin septeni septenaryseptim- seventh Latin septimus septimal, septimeseptuagen- seventy each Latin septuageni septuagenary
septuagesim- seventieth Latin septuagesimus septuagesima,septuagesimal
septuagint- seventy Latin septuaginta Septuagint
sequ-, secut- follow Latin sequere, secutus consecutive,sequence
ser-, sat- cultivate Latin serere, satus sativeser- body fluid Latin serum serous
ser- late Latin serus serein, serotineserp- crawl, creep Latin serpere, serptus serpent
serr- saw, saw-toothed Latin serra, serrare serrationserv- save, protect, serve Latin servare conservation
sesqui- one and a half Latin sesqui sesquicentennialset- bristle, hair Latin saeta seta, setose
sever- stern, strict, serious Latin severus severity
sex-, se- six Latin sex semester, sexangle,sexennium
sexagen- sixty each Latin sexageni sexagenarysexagesim- sixtieth Latin sexagesimus sexagesimal
sext- sixth Latin sextus sextant
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sibil- hiss Latin sibilus, sibilare sibilancesicc- dry Latin siccus desiccation
sider- star Latin sidus, sideris sidereal
sign- sign Latin signum design, designate,signal
sil- quiet or still Latin silere silence
silv(i)- forest Latin silva silviculturesimi- ape, monkey Latin simia simiansimil- likeness, trust, group Latin similis assimilate, similarity
simul- imitating, feigning Latin simulare simulationsingul- one each Latin singulus singular
sinistr- left Latin sinister, sinistri sinistralsinu- (to draw) a line Latin sinuare insinuate
sinus- hollow, bay Latin sinussiph(o)- tube Greek σίφων (siphōn) siphon
sist- cause to stand Latin sistere consist, persistencesit(o)- food, grain, wheat Greek σῖτος (sitos) sitology
soci- group Latin socius, sociare associate, socialsol- sun Latin sol, solis solar
sol- comfort, soothe Latin solari consolation
sol- alone, only Latin solus desolate, sole, solosolen- pipe, channel Greek σωλήν (sōlēn) solenoidsolv-, solut- loosen, set free Latin solvere, solutus dissolve, solutionsoma- body Greek σῶμα (sōma) somatic
somn- sleep Latin somnus insomniasomni- dream Latin somniumson- sound Latin sonus resonancesoph- wise Greek σοφός (sophos) sophistsorb-, sorpt- suck Latin sorbere absorb, absorptionsord- dirt Latin sordes, sordere sordid
soror- sister Latin soror sororityspati- space Latin spatium spatialspec-, -spic-,spect- look Latin specere conspicuous,
inspection, specimenspect- watch, look at Latin spectare spectator
specul- observe Latin speculari speculation
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sper- hope Latin spes, sperare desperation,esperance
sperm- seed Greek σπέρμα (sperma) angiospermsphen(o)- wedge Greek σφήν (sphēn)
spher- ball Greek σφαῖρα (sphaira) sphere, spheroidsphinct- closing Greek σφίγγα sphincter
spic- spike Latin spica spiculespin- thorn Latin spina spinespir- breathe Latin spirare respiration
spond-, spons-a surety, guarantee;give assurance,promise solemnly
Latin spondere, sponsus
spondyl- vertebraspu-, sput- spew, spit Latin spuere sputum
squal- scaly, dirty, filthy Latin squalere squalid, squalorsquam- scale Latin squamasquarros- spreading at tips Latin
st- stand Latin stare, status stable, station, status,statistic, statue
stagn- pool of standingwater Latin stagnare stagnant
stalact- Greek σταλακτίτης(stalaktitēs) stalactite
stalagm- Greek σταλαγμός(stalagmos) stalagmite
stann- tin Latin stannum stannousstatu-, -stitu- stand Latin statuere institution, statute
stea- fat, tallow Greek στέαρ, στέατος(stear, steatos) stearic acid
steg- covering Greek steganography
stell- star Latin stella constellation, stellarsten- narrow Greek στενός (stenos) stenography
stere- solid Greek στερεός (stereos)stern-, strat- spread, strew Latin sternere, stratus stratify
stern- breastbone Greek στέρνον (sternon) sternum
stich- line, row Greek στίχος (stichos)stig- Greek στίγμα (stigma) stigma
still- drip Latin stilla, stillare distillation
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stimul- goad, rouse, excite Latin stimulus stimulate
stingu-, stinct- apart Latin stinguere distinction,distinguish
stoch- aim Greek στόχος stochastic
stom- mouth Greek στόμα (stoma)strept- twisted Greek στρεπτός (streptos)
strig- compress Latin strix, strigis strigogypsstrigos- having stiff bristles Latinstring-, strict- upright, stiff Latin stringere, strictus stringent
stroph- turning Greek στροφή (strophē) apostrophe
stru-, struct- structure , building Latin struere construction,construe
stud- dedication Latin studere student
stup- wonder Latin stupere stuporstyl- column, pillar Greek στῦλος (stulos) stylussu-, sut- sew Latin suere suturesui- self Latin suicidesuad-, suas- urge Latin suadere, suasus persuasion
suav- sweet Latin suavis suavesub-, su-, sus- below Latin sub submerge
subter- Latin subter subterfugesucr- sugar Latin sucrose
sud- sweat Latin sudare sudoriferoussulc- furrow Latin sulcus sulcussum-, sumpt- take Latin sumere assumption, consumesuper- above, over Latin super supersede
supin- lying back Latin supinus supinationsupra- above, over Latin supra supranationalism
surd- deaf Latin surdus absurdity
surg- rise Latin surgere resurgentsyn-, sy-, syl-,sym- with Greek σύν (sun) symbol, symmetry,
synonym, system
syring- pipe Greek σύριγξ, σύριγγος(syrinx, syringos) syringe
T
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Root Meaning inEnglish
OriginLanguage Etymology (Root
Origin)English Examples
tac-, -tic- be silent Latin tacere, tacitus reticent, tacittach- swift Greek ταχύς (tachus) tachometer
taenia- ribbon Greek ταινία (tainia)tal- ankle Latin talustang-, -ting-,tact-, tag- touch Latin tangere, tactus contact, tangent
tapet- carpet Latin tapete, tapetistard- slow Latin tardus retard, tardy, tardigrade
tars- ankle Greek ταρσός (tarsos, aflat basket) tarsal
taur- bull Greek ταῦρος (tauros) Minotaur
taur- bull Latin taurus Taurus
tax- arrangement,order Greek τάξης (taxis) taxonomy
techn- art, skill Greek τέχνη (techne) technologyteg-, tect- cover Latin tegere, tectus protection
tele- far, end Greek τῆλε telephone, telescope,telegram
teleo- complete Greek τέλος teleologytemno- cut Greek τέμνωtempor- time Latin tempus, temporis temporary, temporal.ten-, -tin-, tent- hold Latin tenere, tentus continent, tenacioustend-, tens- stretch Latin tendere, tensus extend, extension
tenu- slender, thin Latin tenuis attenuate, tenuoustep- be warm Latin tepere tepidter-, trit- rub Latin terere, tritus attrition, contriteteret- rounded Latin teres, teretisterg-, ters- wipe Latin tergere, tersus detergent
termin- boundary, limit,end Latin terminus determine, termination
tern- three each Latin terni ternary, ternion
terr- dry land Latin terra terrace, terrain,terracotta
terti- third Latin tertius tertian, tertiary
test- witness Latin testis testimony
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tetr- four Greek τετρά (tetra-) tetrahedrontex-, text- weave Latin texere, textus texture, textile
thalam- chamber, bed Greek θάλαμος (thalamos)thalass- sea Greek θάλασσα (thalassa) Panthalassa
than- death Greek θάνατος (thanatos) euthanasiathe- put Greek τίθημι (tithemi) theme, thesis
-theca case Greek θήκη Bibliothecathel(o)- Greek θηλήthe(o)-, thus- god Greek θεός (theos) theology, enthusiasmtheori- Greek θεωρία theorem, theory
therm- heat Greek θερμός (thermos) thermometer, endotherm
thero- beast, animal Greek θήρ, θηρός theropodthymo- mood Greek θυμός dysthymia
thyreo- large shield Greek θυρεός thyroidtim- be afraid Latin timere timidting-, tinct- moisten Latin tingere, tinctus tincture
tom- cut Greek τομή (tome), τόμος(tomos) ectomy, atom, tome
ton- stretch Greek τόνος (tonos) tone, isotonic
top- place Greek τόπος (topos) topic, topography
torn- cut Latin fromGreek
tornare < τόρνος(tornos)
torpe- numb Latin torpere torpor
torqu-, tort- twist Latin torquere, tortus extortion, torque,torture
tot- all, whole Latin totus totaltox(o)- arrow, bow Greek τόξον (toxon)
trab- beam Latin trabs, trabis trabeculaetrachy- rough Greek τραχύς (trachus) trachea
trag(o)- goat Greek τράγος (tragos) tragustrah-, tract- pull/draw Latin trahere, tractus subtrahend, tractor
trans-, tra-,tran- across Latin trans tradition, transcend,
transportation
trapez- four-sided, table Greek τράπεζα (trapeza) trapezoid trapeziustraum- wound Greek τραῦμα (trauma) trauma, traumatictrecent- three hundred Latin trecenti trecentennial
tredec- thirteen Latin tredecim
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treiskaidek- thirteen Greek τρεισκαίδεκα triskaidekaphobiatrem- tremble Latin tremere tremor
trema- hole Greek τρῆμα (trēma) trematode
tri- three Greek τρεῖς, τρία (treis,tria) triad, trigon, tripod
tri- three Latin tres triangle, trivia,triumvirate
tricen- thirty each Latin triceni tricenarytricesim-,trigesim- thirtieth Latin tricesimus trigesimal
trich- hair Greek θρίξ, τριχός (thrix,trichos)
trichopathophobia,peritrichous
trin- three each Latin trini trinitytroch- wheel Greek τροχός trochlea
trop- turning Greek τρόπος (tropos) tropic
troph- feed, grow Greek τροφός pogonotrophy, trophic,dystrophy
trud-, trus- thrust Latin trudere, trusus extrusion, intrudetuss- cough Latin tussis, tussire pertussis
tympan- drum Greek τύμπανον(tumpanon) tympani
typ- stamp, model Greek τύπος (tupos)
U
Root Meaning inEnglish
Origin Language Etymology (RootOrigin)
English Examples
uber- fruitful Latin uber, uberare exuberantulig- in marshes Latin
ulo- wooly Greekultim- farthest Latin ultimus ultimate
ultra- beyond Latin ultra ultrasonicumbilic- navel Latin umbilicus umbilical
umbr- shade, shadow Latin umbra penumbra,umbrella
un-, uni- one Latin unus, unius unary, union
unc- hooked Latin uncus uncinate
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unci- ounce, twelfth Latin uncia uncialund- wave Latin unda abundant, undulate
undecim- eleventh Latin undecimus undecimalunden- eleven each Latin undeni undenary
ungui- claw, nail Latin unguisungul- claw, hoof Latin ungula ungulateur-, uro- tail Greek οὐρά (oura) uroid, uroborusur-, uro- urine Greek οὖρον (ouron) urology
urb- city Latin urbs, urbis urbanurg- work Latin urgere urgent
urs- bear Latin ursus Ursa Major, ursineut-, us- use Latin uti, usus usual, utilityuv- grape Latin uva uvea
uxor- wife Latin uxor uxoricide
V
Root Meaning inEnglish
OriginLanguage
Etymology (RootOrigin)
English Examples
vac- empty Latin vacare vacancy, vacation,vacuum
vad-, vas- go Latin vadere evade, pervasivevag- wander Latin vagus, vagare vague, vagabond
van- empty, vain, idle Latin vanus vanity
vap- lack (of) Latin vapor evaporation, vapid,vaporize
veh-, vect- carry Latin vehere, vectus vehicle, vectorvel- veil Latin velum revelation, velatevell-, vuls- pull Latin vellere, vulsus convulsionveloc- quick Latin velox, velocis velocity
ven- vein Latin vena venosityven- hunt Latin venari venisonven-, vent- come Latin venire advent, conventionvend- sell Latin vendere vendor, vending
vener- respectful Latin venus veneration, venerealvent- wind Latin ventus ventilation
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ventr- belly Latin venter ventralver- true Latin verus verify, verity
verb- word Latin verbum verbal, verbatim,verbosity
verber- whip Latin verber reverberationverm- worm Latin vermis vermiform
vern- spring Latin ver, vernus vernal
vert-, vers- turn Latin vertere, versus convert, inversion,invert, vertical
vesic- bladder Latin vesica vesicalvesper- evening, western Latin vespera vesperal
vest- clothe, garment Latin vestis divest, vestvestig- follow, track Latin vestigium investigate
vet- forbid Latin vetare vetoveter- old Latin vetus, veteris inveterate, veteran
vi- way Latin via deviate, obvious, viavic- change Latin vicis vice versa, vicissitudevicen-,vigen- twenty Latin viceni vicenary
vicesim-,vigesim- twentieth Latin vecesimus vicesimary, vigesimal
vid-, vis- see Latin videre, visus video, visionvil- cheap Latin vilis vile, vilify
vill- shaggy hair,velvet Latin villus villiform
vin- wine Latin vinum vinousvinc-, vict- conquer Latin vincere, victus invincible, victory
vir- man Latin vir virility
vir- green Latin virere virid, viridianvisc- thick Latin viscum viscosity
viscer- organs of thebody cavity Latin viscus, visceris visceral
vit- life Latin vita vitalvitell- yolk Latin vitellusviti- fault Latin vitium vice, vitiatevitr- glass Latin vitrum vitreous
viv- live Latin vivere revive, survive, vivid
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voc- voice Latin vox, vocis vocal, vocation,provocative
vol- fly Latin volare volatilityvol- wish Latin velle volitionvolv-, volut- roll Latin volvere, volutus convolution, revolvevom- discharge Latin vomere vomitvor-, vorac- swallow Latin vorare, vorax devour, voraciousvov-, vot- vow Latin vovere, votus votive
vulg- common, crowd Latin vulgus divulge, vulgarity,vulgate
vulner- wound Latin vulnus, vulneris vulnerable
vulp- fox Latin vulpes, vulpis vulpine
X
Root Meaning inEnglish
Origin Language Etymology (RootOrigin)
English Examples
xanth- yellow Greek ξάνθος (xanthos) xanthogenicxen- foreign Greek ξένος (xenos) xenophobia
xer- dry Greek ξηρός (xēros) xerographyxiph- sword Greek ξίφος (xiphos) xiphoid
xyl- wood Greek ξύλον (xulon) xylophone
Z
Root Meaning inEnglish
Origin language Etymology (rootorigin)
English examples
zo- animal, living being Greek ζῷον (zōion) protozoa, zoo,zoology
zon- belt, girdle Greek ζώνη (zōnē) zone
zyg- yoke Greek ζυγός (zugon) heterozygous,zygote
zym- ferment Greek ζύμη (zumē) enzyme, lysozyme
See also
List of Greek and Latin roots in English - Wikipedia, the free encyc... file:///C:/Users/Anand/Desktop/List of Greek and Latin roots in Eng...
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InterlinguaInternational scientific vocabularyLexicon Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis PolonorumList of Latin words with English derivativesList of Greek words with English derivativesList of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic namesHybrid wordClassical compoundLatinLatin influence in EnglishList of Latin phrasesLatin MnemonicsLatin schoolList of Latin abbreviationsList of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic namesList of Latin phrasesList of Latin words with English derivativesList of Latinised namesList of legal Latin termsMedical terminologyRomanization (cultural)ToponymyWikipedia:IPA for Latin
References^ "phalaros" in LSJ (http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/archim/dict/hw?lemma=fa/la_ros&step=entry&id=d004)
1.
External links
List of Latin Derivatives (http://web.archive.org/web/20070823220828/http://cdsjcl.f2g.net/derivatives.html)Greek and Latin roots (http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/Roots/roots.A-C.htm)Database of Latin Dictionaries (http://www.brepols.net/publishers/pdf/Brepolis_DLD_manual_en.pdf)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English"Categories: Greek language | Latin language | Interlingua
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