lloyd’s events. 1 lng terminals various processes for regasification
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Lloyd’s Events
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LNG TERMINALS
VARIOUS PROCESSES FOR
REGASIFICATION
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Presentation FramePresentation Frame
• Gas Scenario in India
• LNG Chain
• What is Regasification?
• Processes for Regasification of LNG
• Conclusion
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GROWTH OF GAS DEMAND IN GROWTH OF GAS DEMAND IN INDIAINDIA
Large supply deficit
Industry using liquid fuels
LNG import to reduce growing gap
LNG a viable fuel in Indian market
179 193219
263 281
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Source: Report of Working Group (XI Plan) of Government of India
Gas Demand (MMSCMD)
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PROJECTED DEMAND - SUPPLY PROJECTED DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP GAP
FOR NATURAL GASFOR NATURAL GASDemand Supply Gap (MMSCMD)
Years 2007-08 2011-12
DEMAND 179 281
SUPPLIES – DOMESTIC/PIPELINES 71 192
LNG
Terminals
Dahej 17.5 17.5
Dahej Expansion - 17.5
Hazira - 10.0
Kochi - 17.5
Dabhol - 17.5
Total LNG Imports 17.5 87
Total LNG + Domestic Gas 88.5 279
GAP 90.5 9
Source: Report of Working Group (XI Plan) of Government of India
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WHAT IS LNGWHAT IS LNG
• LNG Is Natural Gas Liquefied at –160 oC.
• NG is liquefied to make it suitable for transportation in LNG ships through sea routes where transportation of NG by pipeline route is not feasible / economical.
• During the Liquefaction process NG is purified to very high level.
• LNG is therefore environmentally friendly and efficient fuel.
• LNG is subsequently regasified at receiving terminal for use by the End users.
LNG MOVIE
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LNG CHAINLNG CHAIN
Gas Field
Liquefaction
Storage
TransferLoading
Transportation (Loaded)
Unloading
TransferStorage
Pumping
Regasification
Vaporized LNG to Gas Consumers
Transport(Ballasted)
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UNLOADING/ VAPOR RETURN ARMS
LNG TERMINAL
Metering
SHIPLNG TANK
LPPUMP
HPPUMP
RECONDENSOR
BOG COMP.
LNG Vaporizers
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What is Regasification?
It is the process of converting Liquefied Natural Gas in Liquid state to Gaseous state by adding heat.
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Types of Vaporizers
• Open Rack Vaporizers (ORV)
• Submerged Combustion Vaporizers (SCV)
• Intermediate Fluid Vaporizers (IFV)– Hydrocarbon Mixture (Rankine Cycle)– Glycol / Methanol Water System
• Ambient Air Vaporizers (AAV)
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Open Rack Vaporizers (ORV)
LNG
RLNG
Sea Water
The term "open rack" is used because the panels are suspended in a rack, facilitating access
for maintenance.
To Sea
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Submerged Combustion Vaporizers
LNG
RLNGFuel Gas
AIR
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Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer with Rankine Cycle
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STV
GW Pump
Glycol Water Circulation
Water Collection
Air Heater
LNG
RLNG
Water Pump
Water to different users
Glycol-Water Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer
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Selection of Vaporizers For Dahej LNG Terminal
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General Weather Conditions at Dahej
• Generally warm & Humid Atmosphere– Average Maximum Temperature 37 deg C– Minimum Temperature 13 deg C– Average Temperature 25 to 30 deg C– Humidity 60 to 90 % (avg. 70%)
• Sea Water – High Turbidity – High Copper – High Iron ion concentration
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SELECTION OF REGASIFICATION SCHEME AT DAHEJ
• Open Rack Vaporizers (ORVs) Not Feasible.
• Submerged Combustion Vaporizers (SCVs) not desirable.
• Advantage of using high ambient temperature.
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Metering
SHIPLNG TANK
LPPUMP
HPPUMP
RECONDENSOR
GTG
STV
STV
GW PUMP
WATER PUMP
AIR HEATER
BOG COMP.
UNLOADING/ VAPOR RETURN ARMS
SCVFUEL GAS
FOR BACKUP
BLOWER
LNG TERMINAL DAHEJ
HW / GW EXCHANGER
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AIR HEATERS & STVs –AT DAHEJ
7 STVs / Air Heaters with 112 fans-16.4 MW each
Use of SCVs only if ambient heat is in-sufficient (extreme winter months)
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Design Issues
• Recirculation of Cold air• Generation of Fog • Removal of condensed water
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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL - ORIGINAL CONCEPT
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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL RESULTS - ORIGINAL CONCEPT
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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL - REVISED CONCEPT
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AIR HEATER COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL RESULTS - REVISED CONCEPT
Ambient Temp 21 deg C
Zero Wind
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CONCLUSIONS
• USE of STVs & Air Heaters offer most economical & Eco friendly regasification scheme for warm & Humid places
• Cold Air Re-circulation cannot be avoided but effect can be minimized by Computational Analysis Modeling
• Fogging can be considerably reduced by selecting a layout based on the above analysis
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