macromolecules of life lecture 4. cell composition water - 70% inorganic molecules organic...
Post on 05-Jan-2016
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Macromolecules of LifeMacromolecules of Life
Lecture 4Lecture 4
Cell CompositionCell Composition
Water - 70% Inorganic molecules Organic (carbon-containing) molecules
Interaction of water with the other constituents of the cell is paramount
Water - 70% Inorganic molecules Organic (carbon-containing) molecules
Interaction of water with the other constituents of the cell is paramount
02_26_Macromolecules.jpg02_26_Macromolecules.jpg
Uniqueness of WaterUniqueness of Water
Water - H2 & 0 Polar molecule - H
side is + Polar molecule - O
side is - Hydrogen bonding Density at 4°C is
key to life
Water - H2 & 0 Polar molecule - H
side is + Polar molecule - O
side is - Hydrogen bonding Density at 4°C is
key to life
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Inorganic MoleculesInorganic Molecules
Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Phosphate Chloride Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Phosphate Chloride Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Organic MoleculesOrganic Molecules
Most cellular organic molecules belong to the following classes Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Most cellular organic molecules belong to the following classes Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
MacromoleculesMacromolecules
Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates
Generally exist as macromolecules and constitute 80 + % of the dry weight of the cell.
Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates
Generally exist as macromolecules and constitute 80 + % of the dry weight of the cell.
02_15_organic molecules.jpg02_15_organic molecules.jpg
Naming conventionsNaming conventions
02_17_disaccharide.jpg02_17_disaccharide.jpg
Animation of condensation reaction
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Simple sugars & polysaccarides Simple sugars are the cells preferred
nutrient source Polysaccarides used for storage and some
structure Cellular adhesion & intercellular transport
Simple sugars & polysaccarides Simple sugars are the cells preferred
nutrient source Polysaccarides used for storage and some
structure Cellular adhesion & intercellular transport
Carbohydrates cont…Carbohydrates cont…
Monosaccarides = simple sugar units Glycosidic bonds Oligosaccarides = short polymer Polysaccarides = 100’s to 1000’s Glycogen (animal) & Starch (plant) are storage
forms of carbohydrates, both made of glucose Cellulose (plant) structural role, also made of
glucose
Monosaccarides = simple sugar units Glycosidic bonds Oligosaccarides = short polymer Polysaccarides = 100’s to 1000’s Glycogen (animal) & Starch (plant) are storage
forms of carbohydrates, both made of glucose Cellulose (plant) structural role, also made of
glucose
LipidsLipidsHave 3 major roles in cellsEnergy storage -
as triacylglycerols (fats) which due to the hydrophobic nature of their tails form droplets within the cytoplasm.
Yield upon hydrolysis 2X the energy per unit weight compared to carbohydrates.
Cell membranes - Phospholipid form, which has just 2 fatty acids joined to a polar head
group Phospholipids are AMPHIPATHIC in nature. Key to membrane
formation. Cell signaling
Within cells and between cells as steroid hormones Chemical messenger molecules
Have 3 major roles in cellsEnergy storage -
as triacylglycerols (fats) which due to the hydrophobic nature of their tails form droplets within the cytoplasm.
Yield upon hydrolysis 2X the energy per unit weight compared to carbohydrates.
Cell membranes - Phospholipid form, which has just 2 fatty acids joined to a polar head
group Phospholipids are AMPHIPATHIC in nature. Key to membrane
formation. Cell signaling
Within cells and between cells as steroid hormones Chemical messenger molecules
Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
DNA & RNA Principle informational molecules of the
cell. DNA is normally the genetic material RNA can be the genetic material, however
more abundant as mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. Other functions too.
DNA & RNA Principle informational molecules of the
cell. DNA is normally the genetic material RNA can be the genetic material, however
more abundant as mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. Other functions too.
ProteinsProteins Most diverse of macromolecules Functional and structural roles Each cell contains several thousand AAs ENZYMES Polymers of 20 different amino acid sub-units. Peptide bonds Polypeptides - Linear molecules, sequence
specific, with 3D configurations
Most diverse of macromolecules Functional and structural roles Each cell contains several thousand AAs ENZYMES Polymers of 20 different amino acid sub-units. Peptide bonds Polypeptides - Linear molecules, sequence
specific, with 3D configurations
02_13_Proteins bind.jpg02_13_Proteins bind.jpg
02_19_fatty side chains.jpg02_19_fatty side chains.jpg
02_20_lipid membranes.jpg02_20_lipid membranes.jpg
02_22_peptide bonds.jpg02_22_peptide bonds.jpg
02_23_ATP.jpg02_23_ATP.jpg
02_24_energy carrier.jpg02_24_energy carrier.jpg
02_25_nucleotide residues.jpg02_25_nucleotide residues.jpg
02_30_ultracentrifuge.jpg02_30_ultracentrifuge.jpg
02_31_protein fold.jpg02_31_protein fold.jpg
02_32_Noncovalent bonds.jpg02_32_Noncovalent bonds.jpg
02_33_macro complexes.jpg02_33_macro complexes.jpg
02_03_mole.jpg02_03_mole.jpg
top related