macromolecules+,+carbs · elements • whatelements$make$up$acarbohydrate?$$...

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Macromolecules  -­‐  Carbs Ms.  Mar'nez  

What  is  a  macromolecule?

•  Large  molecules  formed  by  linking  together  small  molecules  

There  are  four  types  of  macromolecules:  1.  Carbohydrates    2.  Lipids  3.  Proteins  4.  Nucleic  Acids    

Carbohydrates

Elements

• What  elements  make  up  a  carbohydrate?    (Recall  from  yesterday)  

Carbon,  Hydrogen,  and  Oxygen  

• Ra'o  of  1  O  :  2  H  :  1  C  

Structure

Monomer  /  Polymer

• Mono  means…  

• Poly  means  …  

One  or  single  

Many  

Building  Polymers

• Disaccharide  means  …  

2  monomers  

Polysaccharide

Think  about  it…

•  Starch  dissolves  in  water,  but  cellulose  does  not.  Both  consist  of  glucose  molecules.  Why  is  that?  

Starch  is  branched  or  twisted      Cellulose  is  long  straight  chains  

FuncBon •  Energy  source  –  monosaccharide  and  disaccharide  •  Ex:  Glucose,  sucrose,  lactose  

•  Energy  storage  –  polysaccharide    •  Ex:  Glycogen  stores  energy  in  the  liver  and  muscle  (when  the  body  needs  energy,  it  breaks  it  down  into  glucose  to  be  used)  

•  Structural  Support  –  polysaccharide    •  Ex:  Cellulose  (in  cell  walls  of  plants)  •  Ex:  Chi'n  (component  in  the  hard  shells  of  shrimp,  lobster,  and  insects)  

Examples

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