matter chapter 2 2.1 what is chemistry? matter – how it changes – chemistry is the study of ____...

MATTER

CHAPTER 2

2.1 WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

• MATTER–

–

–

• HOW IT CHANGES–

–

–

• Chemistry is the study of ____ and how it ___.• Make list of some things that are matter and another

list of how it may change.

2.1 WHAT IS MATTER?MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT HAS ____

AND OCCUPIES _____.Make a list of things that are matter and

things that are not matter.MATTER NOT MATTER

1. 1.2. 2. 3. 3.

THE SMALLEST UNITS OF MATTER ARE:

ELEMENTS – contain only one kind of ATOM…

The smallest part of an element is an ATOM.

COMPOUNDS – contain atoms of more than one kind of element….

The smallest part of a compound is a MOLECULE .

ELEMENT is to ATOM as ____ is to MOLECULE!!

PURE SUBSTANCE or MIXTURE?

PURE SUBSTANCE• fixed _______• definite ______• all the elements

(listed on the periodic table)

• all compounds (all have a formula)

• Examples: distilled water, salt…

•

MIXTURE• a combination of more

than one ___ ___• can be separated into

pure substances• proportions may vary• Examples: most water,

air …•

MIXTURES MAY BE ANY COMBINATION OF SOLIDS,

LIQUIDS OR GASES.

SOLID/SOLID - _________________

SOLID/LIQUID - ________________

SOLID/GAS - ___________________

LIQUID/LIQUID - _______________

LIQUID/GAS - __________________

GAS/GAS - _____________________

TYPES OF MIXTURES:HETEROGENEOUS or

1. not uniformly mixed

2. after time the substances may settle

3. liquids are immiscible

HOMOGENEOUS

1. uniformly mixed

2. can not easily be separated

3. liquids are miscible

4. Fresh milk from a cow 4. Store milk that has been homogenized

5. Orange juice with pulp5. Soda

Pure Substance or Mixture???

ELEMENT COMP OU ND

P U RE SU BSTANCE

HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS

MIXTU RE

MATTER

2.2 MATTER AND ENERGY

the KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY states:

• All matter is made of atoms or molecules

• Atoms and molecules are always in motion.

• Particles that are warmer or less massive move faster than colder or heavier particles.

The Kinetic Molecule - Quiz• Molecules move by:

– A. Forces acting on them– B. Their own internal energy– C. Both of the above

• Cold causes molecules to:– A. Move slower– B. Lose energy– C. Both of the above

• Heat causes molecules to:– A. Move faster– B. Gain energy– C. Both of the above

Properties of the STATES OF MATTER are:

State of Matter

Shape Volume Energy

GAS

LIQUID

SOLID

THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY DETERMINES THE STATE OF

MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

LESS energy MORE

RELEASED energy is ABSORBED

MORE attraction between molecules LESS

CHANGES OF STATES OF MATTER

GAS

LIQUID

SOLID

EVAPORATE

MELT

CONDENSE

FREEZE

GAS

SUBLIMATION

SOLID

Graphing Change of State

Graphing Change of State

HOW CHANGE OF STATE AFFECTS MATTER:

• AMOUNT OF MASS ? ______

• KIND OF MOLECULE ? ______

• NUMBER OF MOLECULES? _____

• VOLUME (space needed)? ______

God’s law of CONSERVATION:

MASS and ENERGY cannot be ____________ or ____________

REVIEW

ENERGY

MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

LOW ENERGY MEDIUM ENERGY HIGH ENERGY

2.3 TWO PROPERTIES OF

MATTER:CHEMICAL PHYSICAL

1. How it reacts 1. Change of state

2. Burn, decay, rust…. 2. Density, boil, cut, dissolve

3. Form new substances 3. NO new substance

4. 4.

REVIEW

CHEMICAL

CHANGES IN GOD’S WORLD

PHYSICALREACTIONS

DECAY / RUST / GROW MELT / BOIL / CUT / CRUSH

MATTER

_________ __________ __________

(THE STATES OF MATTER)

CAN UNDERGO TWO TYPES OF CHANGES

___________ ____________

AND GOD ESTABLISHED TWO LAWS TO GOVERN ALL MATTER

__________ __________

Study for the TEST!!!!!• Vocabulary words

• Identify as element or compound

• Identify physical or chemical property of a substance

• Identify if a change is physical or chemical

• Energy being absorbed or released

• Review questions

• Penny / alloy lab

Lab report 2.2b

(extension) EXAMPLE