matter takes up space. all matter is made up of 4 general properties: mass, weight, volume and...

Matter takes up space.

All matter is made up of 4 general properties:

Mass, Weight, Volume and Density.

Properties of matter

• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/properties-of-matter.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/properties-of-matter.htm

GENERAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC Properties

Mass color Weight texture Volume shape Density Size

Odor

Hardness

malleable, ductile

mass-amount of matter in an object.

Weight-measure of the pull of gravity on an object.

Volume-amount of space an object or liquid takes up.

Density-mass per unit volume; D=M/V

Units for mass, weight, volume and density

Mass: Kg Weight: newtonsVolume: L for a liquid ; cm³ for a solidDensity: g/mL, Kg /KL-liquids g/ cm³ , Kg/ m³ -solids

Weight is different from mass

To understand this, you must first understand gravity…

Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses ☺

This attraction causes objects to exert a pull on other objects

Because all matter has mass, all matter experiences gravity

The amount of gravitational attraction between objects depends on two things:

1.The masses of the objects

2. The distance between them

Gravitational force is smaller between objects with smaller masses that are close together vs. larger masses close together

Smaller vs. larger masses close together

How Mass & Distance Affect Gravity Between Objects

An increase in distance reduces gravitational force between two objects

Gravitational force is smaller when further awayvs. closer together

Weight is a measure of gravitational force exerted on an object ☺For example: The brick vs. the sponge

Larger mass;Larger force;Larger weight

Smaller mass;Smaller force;Lower weight

Liquid Volume

• Measured in liters• Use a graduated

cylinder• The curve that you

see at the liquid’s surface has a special name meniscus ☺

Solid Volumes

• Measured in cubic units, such as cm3 or m3

• Cubic means “having three dimensions”—L X W X H

• 1 mL = 1 cm3 = 1 g• For rectangular or square objects:• Volume = Length x width x height

Hei

ght

Length

Wid

th

Measuring an irregular solid( object )• Graduated cylinder or over flow can, and

convert displaced water in mL to cm3

Water displacement worksheet

• Do the water displacement worksheet and correct

ANSWERS TO WATER DISPLACEMENT1. 9 cm³ 2. 5 cm³ 3. 4 cm³

4. .4 cm³ 5. 3.5 cm³ 6. 1 cm³

7. 1.8 cm³ 8. 7 cm³ 9. 4 cm³

10. 15 cm³ 11. 3 cm³ 12. 9.5 cm³

13. 8.5 cm³ 14. 3 cm³ 15. 3 cm³

16. .7 cm³ 17. 8.5 cm³ 18. 1 cm³

19. 1.1 cm³ 20. 7 cm³ 21. 10 cm³

22. 14 cm³ 23. 5 cm³ 24. 6 cm³

Volume lab

Measuring the Volume of Gases

How do you measure the volume of a gas?• You cannot: hold a ruler up to a gas• So it’s impossible….right?• Think again ! Gas molecules move:________________

• A gas expands to fill its container, so…

– If you know the volume of the container the gas is in

– Then you know the volume of the gas

density

• Density is the relationship between mass and volume.

• It is a proportion. Mass and volume need to be calculated.

• Formula: D = m/v

• http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=93322http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=93322

DENSITY PROBLEMS

1. A coke can has a volume of 355 mL. Its mass is 50 g. What is its density?

2. Titanium has a density of 4.5 g/cubic cm. Mass of a titanium Cube is 4500 g. What is its volume?

3. What is the density of a cork that has a mass of 0.24 g and a volume of 2.0 cubic cm? D =

4. What is the mass of an ice cube that has a volume of 8.0 cubic cm? ( density of ice is 0.92 g/cubic cm ) Mass =

mD

v

mV

D m VD

Answers to problems :

D = .14 g/mL

V = 1000 cubic cm³

D = .12 cm³

M = 7.4 g

Density worksheet 1 and 2 Answers to ws. # 1:1..2 g/cm³

2. 1 g/mL

3. 12.72 g

4.11.4 g/cm³ lead

5.3.7 g/cm³ aluminum

6.1.9 g/cm³ bone

7..68 g/cm³ gasoline

Density worksheet # 2 answers:

1. 2.54 g/cm³2. 4.67 g/cm³3. 6.11 g/cm³4. 0.639 g/cm³5. 0.168 g/cm³6. 2.52 g/cm³7. 0.281 g/cm³8. 4.88 g/cm³9. 1.32 g/cm³10. 7.55 g/cm³11. 3.36 g/cm³12. a) 1.398 g/ mL; b) no. Water’s density is 1 g/mL13. 4.046 or 4.05 g/cm³

Part 2 – phases of matter

What is not matter? Light, Sound,Electricity. They are all forms of energy. Phases of matter ( or States )

What is steam? Invisible gas. The water boils at 212 degrees, and it cannot get hotter. So,the additional energy condenses it to water droplets, or vapor.

To change water into a solid? Freeze it.

To change ice into water? Melt it.

Two Pieces of matter cannot occupy the same space at the same time.

There are 4 States or Phases of Matter.

They are :Solid, liquid, gas and Plasma.

Short video

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/statesofmatter/http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/statesofmatter/

11Image BankImage Bank

Solid Particles

Glass of Liquid

Liquid Particles

Gas Particles

Definite Shape Definite Volume

Solid Yes Yes Liquid

No YesGas No No

Plasma No No

Theory of Moving Particles (Kinetic-Molecular Theory)

States of Matter Particle Distance Particle SpeedSolid No Space between particles Part. vibrate in place

Liquid Particles slide Particles moving around

OVER EACH OTHER quicker than solid.

Gas Particles are far apart Particles moving very fast

Plasma Widely Separated particles Fastest moving particles

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter

Bill nye video and worksheet

Solids—have a variety of shapes. Crystalline solids—definite repeating pattern and shape. ex: salt, sugar, sand, snow Amorphous solids–a solid that can flow under certain conditions. Acts like a liquid, and loses itsshape. ex: wax, tar, rubber, glass

Liquids------flow differently—some flow quickly, some slowly.

Viscosity—resistance of liquid to flow. Honey, ketchup, ,lava.

Physical Property- the characteristics of a substance that can be measured or observed.ex. GP, SP

Physical Change- affects the physical properties of the substance (same substance)

Temperature and Phase Changes

Temperature—A measure of how fast/slow the molecules are moving in a phase of matter.When Temp. rises, heat is being added. When it goes down, heat is being taken away.

Phase Change: A physical change where heat energy is added or taken away to change form. It is STILL the same substance.

5 Phase Changes—Physical Properties

Energy is what causes particles to move. Adding or taking away heat energy is what causes matter change phase. These are physical changes.

The matter changes from 1 form to another, but the substance is still the same.

http://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/watersolid.htmlhttp://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/watersolid.html

HAND OUT: INTERNET LAB ON PHASE CHANGES

Air Pressure in Volleyball

Frozen pond

Freezing—Change of a liquid to a solid. (loss of heat energy). The freezing point of a substance is = to its melting point. Water to ice•Melting---- Change of a solid to a liquid. (gain of heat energy). The melting point of a substance is = to its freezing point. Ex: ice to water•Condensation—When a gas changes to a liquid. ( loss of heat energy) ex: steam to water Vaporization—Change from a liquid to a gas. (gain of heat energy)—Evaporation-at surface of liquid.Ex: water to steam•Sublimation---When a solid goes directly to a gas, and skips the liquid state. (gain of heat energy) ex: dry ice, snow. Ex: snow, dry ice, glaciers•Deposition: when gas goes to solid, skipping liquid state.

• Solid CO2• Not crystal like• Not brittle • White• Below freezing• Sublimes• - 75 degrees C

•Solid H2O molecules•Crystal like

•Brittle•Clear ( usually )

•Freezing pt of water•Melts

• 0 degrees C

Dry ice water ice

In common

DRAW

endo

ther

mic

exoth

erm

ic

endothermicendotherm

ic

exothermic

exothermic

Endothermic---gain ( absorption ) of heat energy

Exothermic-- loss ( release ) of heat energy

And heat energy !!

Add in

Ck this out: substa:Melting pt/freezing pt condensationpt/vaporization pt.

A 14degrees C 120 degrees C

B 75 degrees C 85 degrees C

C - 45 degrees C 15 degrees C

1.Which is a solid at 65 degrees C?

2.What phase is B at 90 degrees C?

3. Which substance, A, B or C is a liquid at 60 degrees C?

ANSWERS:

1.B IS A SOLID AT 65 DEGREES

2.B IS A GAS AT 90 DEGREES

3.A IS A LIQUID AT 60 DEGREES

Recap of phase changes OR, changes of state

• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htm

November 26, 2012

Is something New created?

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/changes-of-matter.htm

PART 3:chemical changes of matter

chemical change –the process by which a new substance is created. Ex: brownie mix cooks—becomes brownies. chemical reaction– • same as a chemical change involves chemically combining substances, to produce a new substance. •chemical Property– •describes how a substance changes into a new substance Ex: paper has the ability to burn and create ash.

SIGNS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS: Is it rusting ? Ex:Is it tarnishing?( reaction to oxygen in air) Ex:is it Flammable? Ex: hairsprayability to burn( oxygen supports burning, but carbon dioxide does not!)-- is it burning? Ex: wood on fire-- is it giving off a gas? Ex: alka seltzer and waterIs it fizzing? Ex: alka seltzer and waterIs it changing color? Ex: leaves changing color

Is it Bubbling? Ex: alka seltzer and water

Recap of chemical and physical Properties and changes

Chem prop. Chem changes phys.Prop phys changes

brain pop -property changes – use worksheet

http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/propertycha

nges/

Gas Laws---only work with a sealed ( fixed ) amount of gas. Volume, temp. and pressure Boyle’s Law— Inverse Relationship between Volume and Pressure on a fixed amount of gas.

Volume increases as Pressure decreases. P1V1 = P2V2

Charles’s Law---Volume varies directly with the temperature of the gas with a fixed amount of gas. Volume increases as Temperature increases. V1          V2

------   =  ------ T1          T2

BOYLE’S GAS LAW

Volume Decreases-Pressure Increases

CHARLES’S GAS LAW

Pressure and Temperature

Gas law formulas:

Boyles : P1V1=P2V2

Charles’s: V1          V2

------   =   ------ T1          T2

LET’S DO GAS LAW PROBLEMS!