mcb lecture 2

MCB 1GENERAL

MICROBIOLOGY

I.Introduction to MicrobiologyA.Microbial World and YouB.Introduction to Applications: The Significance of MicrobesC. Historical Overview of Microbiology

• Techniques in MicrobiologyMicroscopes and MicroscopyIsolating and Cultivating of BacteriaI.Preparing Specimen for Microscope: Staining MethodsControlling Microbial Growth

Physical Methods of ControllingChemical Methods of Controlling

I.Microbial Diversity: Place of Microorganisms in the Living World Major Microbial Groups and their Basic Properties

Phylogeny: Classification of MicroorganismsBacteriaProtozoaAlgaeFungiVirus and Prions

IV.Biology of BacteriaA.Bacterial Metabolism B.Bacterial GeneticsDNA and chromosomesCentral DogmaMutation and Implications of Mutation: Antibiotic Resistance

V. Applications of MicrobiologyA. Medical Microbiology

Role of Microbes in Diseases Disease and Epidemiology

Principles of DiseaseEtiology of Infectious DiseasesClassification, Transmission, and Patterns of Infection

Role of Microbes in TherapyB. Microbial Ecology

Role of Microbes in Nutrient Cycling Role of Microbes in Soil HealthDegradation of Synthetic Chemicals in Soil and Water

C. Industrial Microbiology

MICRO/BIOLOGY

Microbiologydeals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification

size range: 20 nm- 5 mm

MICROORGANISMS

-microbes/ germs/ bugs

microorganisms

Bacteria

Protozoa

Fungi

Algae

Virus

bacteria- most thoroughly studied

- unicellular

- prokaryotic

-ex: E. coli

protozoa- unicellular

- eukaryotic

- obtain food by engulfing smaller microorganisms

- ex: amoeba

fungi-eukaryotic

-decomposers

-ex: bread mold/Rhizopus

algae- some unicellular, some multicellular

- photosynthetic

- distributed fresh water and oceans

-ex. blue-green algae

virus- acellular entities

- behave like living organism when they gain entry on living organisms

-ex: flu virus

Microbial World and You

MICROBES ARE EVERYWHERE and ARE RELEVANT TO ALL ASPECTS OF

HUMAN LIFE

Reasons why we study MICROBIOLOGY

1. Microorganisms have major impact on human health;

2. Microorganisms maintain the balance of nature;

3. Microorganisms are essential to many human endeavors;

4. Microbiology provides insights into life processes in all forms of life

- nearly 2,000 different microbes cause various types of diseases

- infectious diseases: **10 Billion new infections/year (according to World Health Organization) ** most common source of death at around 13 Million/ year

1. Microorganisms have major impact on human health

1. Microorganisms have major impact on human health

many are treatable with drugs or preventable by vaccines

hardest hit are the poor countries (1/3 live on $ 1/day)

1. Microorganisms have major impact on human health

there is a current increase in number of new (emerging) and older (reemerging)

diseasesSARS, AIDS, hepatitis C, viral

encephalitis

1. Microorganisms have major impact on human health

- new discovery: non infectious diseases involve microbial infection:

gastric ulcer Helicobacter pyloricervical cancer human pappiloma virusdiabetis Coxsacki virusschizophrenia borna agent virusfemale infertility Chlamydia

1st golden age: role of microorganisms in obvious and infectious diseases 2nd golden age: role of microorganisms in quiet but slowly destructive diseases

1. Microorganisms have major impact on human health

a. photosynthesisb. decomposition

2. Microorganisms are deeply involved in the flow of energy and food

- bacteria invented photosynthesis ** anoxygenic photosynthesis first then oxygenic photosynthesis, one that involves production of oxygen ** bacteria changed the earth’s anaerobic atmosphere to aerobic atmosphere, which eventually lead to the explosion of species diversity

- photosynthetic microorganisms account for 50% of all of earth’s photosynthesis, and serve as food to various organisms

2. Microorganisms are deeply involved in the flow of energy and food

-microorganisms are responsible for breakdown of dead matter and wastes

2. Microorganisms are deeply involved in the flow of energy and food: decomposition

- microorganisms have since been used to improve life and shape civilization: **Baker’s yeast for bread **brewer’s yeast for wine and beer **In ancient Egypt, molding loaves were applied directly to wounds (Penicillin)

- genetic engineering **interferon and growth hormones

3. Microorganisms are essential to many human endeavors

- bacteria are used as model organisms because a. bacteria have simple structures b. reproduce quickly

4. Microbiology provides insights into life processes in all forms of life

MICRO/BIOLOGY

scientific method

CLASS POLICIES- ATTENDANCE- ASSIGNMENTS AND ASSIGNMENTS- 3 EXAMINATIONS, drop the lowest- FINAL EXAM FOR STUDENTS WITH GRADES LOWER THAN 2.5- 55% LECTURE, 45% LABORATORY- CHEATING- CLASSROOM ETIQUETTE

CLASS POLICIES

2 Long Exams + finals** 60% Quizzes 15%

Assignments 15%Class and e-class Participation 10%